Abstract: According to an aspect of the disclosure, there may be provided a peening apparatus for generating a compressive residual stress on a pipe member including at least one curved round portion and having a hollow inside formed therein in which a first fluid and a second fluid, which is in a gas phase, are accommodated, the apparatus including: a probe which is disposed such that it is submerged in the first fluid supplied to the hollow inside, and which is configured to apply a wave to the first fluid, wherein the first fluid and the second fluid have different acoustic impedances, so that the wave is totally reflected on a reflection surface where the first fluid and the second fluid are in contact, and forms a standing wave, and wherein a cavity generated and grown by the formed standing wave is exploded and emits a shock wave or microjet, which generates a compressive residual stress on the inner surface of the pipe member surrounding the hollow inside.

Abstract: A method for producing a metal article, in particular a slab, a pre-strip, a strip, or a sheet, in which the article is first conveyed in the conveying direction through a scale washer and then through a rolling mill, wherein the rolling mill has at least one roll stand, in particular a first roll stand in the conveying direction. The article is subjected in the scale washer to at least one upper row of nozzles, which descales the upper side of the article, and to at least one lower row of nozzles, which descales the lower side of the article.

Abstract: A lubricant delivery system includes a valve manifold, an electronic controller, and a pressure sensor for determining whether there is adequate lubricant flow in the system. The valve manifold receives lubricant from a pressurized source. The valve manifold includes a plurality of valves configured to control the flow of lubricant to respective applicators. The electronic controller controls the opening and closing of the valves. The pressure sensor measures lubricant pressure in the valve manifold, and outputs a signal to the electronic controller. The signal correlates to a lubricant pressure value in the valve manifold. The electronic controller uses the lubricant pressure values to derive an indication of lubricant flow (via the valves) to the applicators.

Abstract: A method for collecting mill scale from a hot rolling mill is provided. The hot rolling mill includes a flume. The method includes transporting mill scale particles in wastewater, retrieving the wastewater from a flume of the hot rolling mill and separating the mill scale particles from the wastewater using a separator. A hot rolling mill and a method for retrofitting a hot rolling mill are also provided.

Abstract: A release agent spraying device that sprays a release agent to a die of a forming apparatus main body, the release agent spraying device includes a motor, a moving nozzle that advances and retreats in a direction intersecting a moving direction of the die and jets the release agent from a tip, and a connection mechanism that connects the motor to the moving nozzle and advances and retreats the moving nozzle by a rotation output of the motor in one direction.

Abstract: A method for producing a molded body of particularly steel, and including a hub and a bell-shaped lower part axially connected thereto, in which an inner contour is made in the lower part by non-cutting forming in a convex region. The inner contour includes of ball tracks and cage paths that are concave in the axial direction and arranged in a peripherally alternating manner, for receiving rolling bodies, the cage paths being shallower than the ball tracks. The hub is formed from a rotating round blank and reducing the thickness thereof using at least one pressure roller. The flat region of the round blank that radially connects to the hub is pressed onto contour segments of a rotating first inner contour tool, partially forming the inner contour using at least one axially and radially moving pressure roller to form a preform of the lower part. The fixed preform is pressed against contour segments of a second inner contour tool by a die of partial dies, fully forming the cage paths and ball tracks.

Abstract: A mandrel support device includes a mandrel sleeve positionable on a mandrel to form a reservoir in fluid communication with a mandrel passage, and with. The sleeve may include a bore configured to receive a portion of the mandrel, a lubrication channel formed on the sleeve exterior, and a lubrication passage extending between the channel and the bore to permit fluid communication therebetween. A mandrel base may define a socket for interchangeably receiving the sleeve, and a lubrication bore may extend from the socket to the base to align with the lubrication channel when the sleeve is received in the socket. A fluid fitting mounted on the base in fluid communication with the lubrication bore and the lubrication channel of the sleeve such that fluid moving through the fluid fitting enters the bore, the channel and passage to reach the reservoir and mandrel passage at any rotational position of the sleeve with respect to the base.

Abstract: A button or fastener member is provided wherein aluminum or an aluminum alloy is used as raw material, a first copper plating layer is formed directly over the entire surface of said raw material, and a second copper plating layer is formed directly on top of the first copper plating layer, with the aforementioned second copper plating layer being thicker than the aforementioned first copper plating layer.

Abstract: Provided is a manufacturing apparatus and manufacturing method of hot-rolled steel sheet which enables uniform cooling of a rolled material and improvement of the surface properties thereof. The manufacturing apparatus comprises: a rolling stand; a supplying device capable of supplying lubricant to work rolls and/or backup rolls; an online roll grinding device; and a removing device capable of removing at least part of the lubricant before the surface of the work rolls is ground by the grinding device. The manufacturing method comprises the steps of: removing at least part of the lubricant adhered to the work rolls, or to the work rolls and backup rolls using the lubricant removing device after completing rolling of a preceding material; grinding the work rolls using the online roll grinding device after the removing step; and supplying the lubricant to the work rolls and/or backup rolls from the lubricant supplying device.

Abstract: A descaling nozzle that can efficiently remove scale from a steel sheet. A spray section at an end of the descaling nozzle includes a taper portion continuous with a large diameter portion that forms a cylindrical channel, a first orifice formed on an outlet side of the taper portion, a resonant chamber continuous with an outlet side of the first orifice and that has a dimension in a radial direction that is greater than a major axis of the first orifice, and a second orifice formed on an outlet side of the resonant chamber.

Abstract: A method of drawing and ironing metal into a can comprising the steps of: feeding a metal roll into a stamper; cutting the metal into circles; forming the circles into cups; feeding the cups into a body maker having a die pack with at least three dies and a punch hard coated to a micro finish between 4 and 12, not cross hatched and is the smallest allowed diameter; spraying a coolant lubricant liquid into the die pack and through the punch; ironing the cup into a thin walled cylinder; trimming the thin walled cylinder; washing, rinsing, drying and decorating the trimmed thin walled cylinder; spray coating the inside of the can with a protective coating; necking the trimmed thin walled cylinder; forming a lip on the top of the tapered thin walled cylinder; testing the trimmed thin walled cylinder for defects; and palletizing the thin walled cylinder.

Abstract: A process and an apparatus for preparing steel stock before hot rolling. The steps of preheating the stock (5, 16, 22) in a first induction furnace (6) so that the preheated stock enters a subsequent descaling apparatus (7) with a surface temperature of T1?1000° C.; descaling the preheated stock by a plurality of water jets in a descaling apparatus (7); direct subsequent heating of the descaled stock in a second induction furnace (8), where the descaled stock enters the second induction furnace (8) at a temperature T2 which is ?Tcurie of the stock and heating in the second induction furnace 8 is either in a largely inert or largely reducing protective gas atmosphere; passing the heated stock in a rolling mill (9), where the heated stock enters the rolling mill (9) at a temperature 1220° C.?T3 1050° C.

Abstract: A cold state metal plate strip surface treatment system and a treatment method thereof, used for high-pressure jet-flow descaling and rinsing metal plate strips, includes a high-pressure jet-flow descaling section 6. A tension unit and a stabilizing roller 21 are provided in front of the high-pressure jet-flow descaling section 6, and a stabilizing roller 22, a compressed air drying device 7 and a tension unit are provided after the high-pressure jet-flow descaling section 6; at least one descaling unit is provided in the high-pressure jet-flow descaling section 6, wherein the descaling unit includes first and second bending rollers 51, 52 used for bending a metal plate strip 8, and correspondingly first and second jet-flow descaling nozzles 31, 32, and first and second rinsing nozzle sets 41, 42.

Abstract: The apparatus comprises a first working unit for unwinding a coil of conductor and providing straightened conductor, and a second working unit comprising a bending device arranged to bend the straightened conductor leaving the first working unit and a rotary table on which the bent conductor leaving the bending device is laid, whereby a set of turns is formed to make the superconductive coil. The rotary table is rotatably mounted about a stationary vertical axis. The bending device is mounted so as to be translatable both in a longitudinal direction coinciding with the direction of a longitudinal axis of the straightened conductor that is fed by the first working unit to the bending device and in a transverse direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. The first working unit is mounted so as to be translatable, along with the bending device, in the transverse direction only.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and device for producing metal sections having two profile flanges arranged opposite one another and having flange inner faces that are to be kept apart from each other by a closely toleranced final chamber dimension. In order to adapt the chamber dimension from a starting chamber dimension K0 to a desired final chamber dimension K1, the metal section is passed through the device, which forms working gaps between an inner working roll pair and outer support rolls. The working rolls that form the inner working roll pair roll over each other in order to brace the forming forces exerted on the working roll pair from the flange inner faces against each other.

Abstract: The present invention provides an isothermal processing method for making an isothermal processed copper clad aluminum composite comprising: providing an aluminum component and a copper component; cleaning the aluminum component and shape finishing the aluminum component; extruding the aluminum component into a core aluminum billet; cleaning the copper component; transforming the copper component into a copper cladding layer; cladding longitudinal and circumferential surfaces of the core aluminum billet with the copper cladding layer and molding the core aluminum billet and the copper cladding layer together to form a copper cladded aluminum billet; and transforming the copper cladded aluminum billet into an isothermal processed copper cladded aluminum composite through isothermal rolling and annealing. The present invention also provides an isothermal processed copper cladded aluminum composite and a system for manufacturing an isothermal processed copper cladded aluminum composite.

Abstract: Disclosed are a non-oriented electrical steel plate with low iron loss and high magnetic conductivity and a manufacturing process therefor. The casting blank of the steel plate comprises the following components: Si: 0.1-2.0 wt %, Al: 0.1-1.0 wt %, Mn: 0.10-1.0 wt %, C: ?0.005 wt %, P: ?0.2 wt %, S: ?0.005 wt %, N: ?0.005 wt %, the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities. The magnetic conductivity of the steel plate meets the following relationship formula: ?10+?13+?15?13982?586.5P15/50; ?10+?13+?15?10000, wherein P15/50 is the iron loss at a magnetic induction intensity of 1.5 T at 50 Hz; ?10, ?13, and ?15 are relative magnetic conductivities at induction intensities of 1.0 T, 1.3 T, and 1.5 T at 50 Hz, respectively. The steel plate can be used for manufacturing highly effective and ultra-highly effective electric motors.

Abstract: A device and a method for providing a stent for implantation into a body lumen are provided, wherein the stent (3) has a proximal end (31) and a distal end (32), between which a stent lumen having a compressible diameter d extends. The device comprises a crimping apparatus (4), having elements (40) which are disposed about an axis and can be moved at least partially relative to each other radially to the axis, and an activator (42) for actuating the crimping apparatus (4). The elements (40) of the crimping apparatus comprise the stent (3) and can be moved radially by means of the activator (42) from a widened position, in which the stent (3) is not crimped, into a closed position, in which the diameter d of the stent (3) is compressed.

Abstract: Methods for forming aluminum enclosures for consumer products are described. Included are methods for forming features, such as brackets or supports for supporting one or more internal components of the consumer product. In some embodiments, methods involve shaping integral features into the aluminum enclosures. In some embodiments, methods involve molding resinous or plastic features onto the aluminum enclosures. Some methods involve one or more of an extrusion, rolling, stamping, bending, forging and other shaping techniques. Some methods involve a metal softening technique such as an annealing process. Some methods involve post-shaping treatments including one or more of an impurity removal process, hardening process and surface finishing process. Some embodiments involve forming nano-pores in aluminum enclosures and inserts to enhance bonding of plastic features to the aluminum enclosures and inserts.

Abstract: A hot-rolled steel sheet for nitriding or a cold-rolled steel sheet for nitriding excellent in fatigue strength contains a steel particularly containing appropriate amounts of Cr, V, and B, in which a dislocation density within 50 ?m in the sheet thickness direction from the surface is not less than 2.0 times nor more than 10.0 times as compared to a dislocation density at the position of ¼ in the sheet thickness direction, its manufacturing method includes: on a hot-rolled steel sheet or a cold-rolled steel sheet having the previously described components, performing pickling; and then performing skin pass rolling under the condition that a reduction ratio is 0.5 to 5.

Abstract: Provided is a hot-rolled steel sheet having a composition containing 0.04 mass percent to 0.20 mass percent C, 0.7 mass percent to 2.3 mass percent Si, 0.8 mass percent to 2.8 mass percent Mn, 0.1 mass percent or less P, 0.01 mass percent or less S, 0.1 mass percent or less Al, and 0.008 mass percent or less N, the remainder being Fe and inevitable impurities. Internal oxides containing one or more selected from the group consisting of Si, Mn, and Fe are present at grain boundaries and in grains in a base metal. The internal oxides present at the grain boundaries in the base metal are located within 5 ?m from the surface of the base metal. The difference between the depths at which the internal oxides are formed in the cross direction of the steel sheet is 2 ?m or less.

Abstract: A method for maintaining and using a high concentration of dissolved copper on a surface of a useful article by providing a copper surface without coatings thereon, which increase the wetting angle and which isolate the copper surface and which has a surface roughness between 2 and 50 micro inches Ra, so as to kill microbes thereon.

Abstract: A method for continuously removing scale from a hot-rolled carbon steel strip includes: cracking the scale on the hot-rolled steel strip; shot-blasting the cracked scale to remove the scale; deforming the hot-rolled steel strip so as to weaken the bond between scale remaining after the shot-blasting and the hot-rolled steel strip and so as to impart surface roughness to the hot-rolled steel sheet; and polishing the deformed hot-rolled steel strip to remove the remaining scale.

Abstract: An apparatus for producing annealed steels and annealed steels produced thereby.

Abstract: The invention relates to a current collector foil made of aluminium or an aluminium alloy, to the use of the current collector foil for batteries or accumulators, in particular lithium-ion accumulators, and to a method for producing the current collector foil. The object of providing a current collector foil, which has very good properties with regard to conductivity and tensile strength, and which can also be produced economically, is achieved in that the current collector foil has an acid-pickled or alkali-pickled surface.

Abstract: A steam-blocking apparatus includes: a rolling mill configured to roll a material; a transfer roller disposed at a rear side of the rolling mill and configured to transfer the material from the rolling mill; a descaler disposed above the transfer roller and configured to spray wash water toward the transfer roller; a width-measuring part disposed at a rear side of the descaler and configured to measure the width of the material; and a shield disposed between the descaler and the width-measuring part and configured to prevent steam, generated from evaporation of the wash water, from being introduced into the width-measuring part.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device (10) for treating surfaces of cylindrical elements in several process steps, including a first cleaning device (30) for removing residuals of a coolant and lubricant used during draw wall ironing from a cylindrical element produced through draw wall ironing so that a cleaned and pre-dried cylindrical element is provided. The device includes a surface treatment device (50) for treating at least one surface of the cleaned and pre dried cylindrical element and a second cleaning device (70) for cleaning the surface treated cylindrical element.

Abstract: This invention provides methods and apparatuses which can manufacture Si-containing cold rolled steel sheets exhibiting excellent chemical conversion properties even if a chemical conversion treatment solution is used at a lower temperature while minimally suppressing the generation of sludge as well as reducing running costs. The method includes steps of cold rolling a steel containing 0.5 to 3.0 mass % Si, continuously annealing the cold rolled steel sheet, pickling the surface of the continuously annealed cold rolled steel sheet, and repickling the surface of the pickled steel sheet with a non-oxidative acid. The repickling is performed such that a repickling solution is sampled continuously or periodically, an acid concentration in the sampled solution is measured, and the acid concentration in the repickling solution is regularly controlled within a prescribed concentration range.

Abstract: Generation of cavitation jet in air on a surface of a work roll provides a higher cleaning force than squirting of only high pressure fluid, so that sticking substances on the surface of the work roll are reliably removable. When a distance between a cleaning nozzle and the surface of the work roll and pressure of the high pressure fluid are controlled within a predetermined range, sticking substances are efficiently removable while roughness of the surface of the work roll is maintained.

Abstract: Provided is a descaling nozzle that can efficiently remove scale from a steel sheet. A discharge section at an end of a descaling nozzle includes a discharge hole (main flow orifice) and a branch hole (branch flow orifice) that are connected to a large diameter portion that forms a cylindrical channel. The branch flow orifice discharges a part of water flow in the large diameter portion so that cavitation occurs at a boundary between the part of water flow discharged from the branch flow orifice and water flow that is discharged from the discharge hole.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for forming a hard disk drive base plate with a sequence of progressive forging operations is described. The method may include advancing an initial hard disk drive base plate cut from an extruded sheet through a plurality of stations of a transfer die assembly. The method may also include performing a sequence of forgings on the initial hard disk drive base plate to progressively form parts on a hard disk drive base plate.

Abstract: The invention relates to a rolling mill for producing metal strips, preferably steel for tubes and/or thin strip, in which the temperature control can be influenced between the finish stands Fi and Fi+1 using a rapid heating device (induction heater), characterized in that the distance between the stands Fi and Fi+1, between which a rapid heating device is arranged, is 5 to 25 m, and in addition to an induction heater, a roller flattening unit (for example, roller leveler 14), and/or shears 8, and/or a driving roller pair 12, and/or a descaling sprayer 15 are arranged as additional units between the two stands. The roll stand Fi and/or regions in front of the roll stand Fi further comprise actuators for influencing the strip warping and/or strip ski-up/-down at the strip head.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for a firm metallurgic connection of an aluminum band with a copper band through which the two bands that are moved relative to one another in their longitudinal direction are continuously cleaned from oxides in a cleaning device under protective gas at their contact surfaces and are subsequently provided to a compression device in which the bands are pressed together with their clean surfaces and connected with another to form a one-piece band including the steps: running both bands (8, 9) continuously under protective gas up to and into the compression device (4) by configuring the cleaning device (3) and the compression device (4) as a unit in a housing (7) enclosing a contiguous space, and pulling the two bands (8, 9) or the one piece band (11) through the cleaning device (3) and the compression device (4) by a pull off device (5) arranged behind (downstream) the compression device (4).

Abstract: A method for maintaining and using a high concentration of dissolved copper on a surface of a useful article by providing a copper surface without coatings thereon which increase the wetting angle and which isolate the copper surface and which has a surface roughness between 2 and 50 micro inches Ra, so as to kill microbes thereon.

Abstract: A manufacturing apparatus comprises a final stand, with standing side members, and a cooling apparatus. The cooling apparatus comprises rows of upper surface cooling nozzles, rows of lower surface cooling nozzles, and an upper surface guide on the upper surface side of the steel sheet. An end portion of the cooling apparatus on a side of the final stand is arranged between the standing side members of the housing. When defining a width of a uniformly cooled region, an average gap distance (Wsw) between the end portion of the width of the uniformly cooled region and the standing side member of the housing; a gravity acceleration rate, an average water volume density of the width of the uniformly cooled region, and a value determined by Wsw and an average distance h between the upper surface guide and the upper surface of the steel sheet, a specific relation is satisfied.

Abstract: A method and a production line for producing a cold-rolled steel flat product from a hot strip with scale adhering to it and consisting of a non-corroding steel. The hot strip with scale adhering to it is cold-rolled into a steel flat product, the cold-rolled steel flat product is annealed and the annealed steel flat product is descaled. According to the invention, the cold-rolled steel flat product obtained after cold rolling the hot strip is subjected to descaling treatment in the hard-rolled state before annealing, in which the scale present on the cold-rolled steel flat product is mechanically removed. In this way, methods and production lines can be implemented, by means of which cold-rolled steel flat products can be produced cost-effectively from non-corroding steel with an improved surface finish.

Abstract: A method for producing a hot rolled steel sheet includes a slab heating step of heating a steel slab in a slab heating furnace, a step of hot-rolling the heated steel slab in a rough rolling mill to form a strip and a finish rolling mill, and a coiling step of coiling the strip around a coiler. The atmosphere in steps from the slab heating step to the coiling step is a non-oxidizing atmosphere. The slab steel contains C: 0.01-0.15%, Si: 0.1-1.8%, Mn: 1.0-2.7%, Al: 0.01-1.5%, P: 0.005-0.025%, and S: 0.01% or less, by mass. A hot-dip galvanized steel sheet is produced by pickling the hot rolled steel sheet to remove mill scale, or by pickling the sheet and further cold-rolling the sheet, and subsequently by subjecting the resultant to hot-dip galvanizing.

Abstract: A titanium alloy metal sheet is provided and heated to a superplastic forming temperature. A die has a plurality of housing forming areas each corresponding to one of the medical device housing portions. The heated titanium alloy metal sheet is forced onto the die and over each one of the plurality of housing forming areas, thereby superplastically forming a workpiece comprising a plurality of integrally formed implantable medical device housing portions.

Abstract: The device for satinizing and embossing packaging foils comprises at least two embossing rollers that are each provided with a toothing consisting of individual teeth, the pyramidal teeth having an essentially rectangular horizontal projection, and the sides of the teeth being essentially parallel and perpendicular, respectively, to the longitudinal axis of the embossing roller. In contrast to the prior art, the opening angle (?) between the radially aligned adjacent tooth flanks is smaller than the opening angle (?) between the axially aligned adjacent tooth flanks, and the tooth height in the radial direction, measured from the tooth tip to the tooth bottom, is greater than the tooth height in the axial direction measured from the tooth tip to the tooth bottom. This dimensioning and arrangement of the teeth provides an improved gearing with a reduced specific pressure as well as an improved processing of the paper part of the foil that results in its better folding, curling, and tubing behavior.

Abstract: In a method of producing a cold-rolled steel sheet being excellent in not only the phosphate treatability but also the corrosion resistance after coating under severe corrosion environment such as hot salt water immersion test or composite cycle corrosion test, a continuously annealed steel sheet after cold rolling preferably including 0.5-3.0 mass % of Si is pickled to remove a Si-containing oxide layer on a surface layer of the steel sheet and further repickled so that a surface covering ratio of an iron-based oxide on the surface of the steel sheet is not more than 40% and preferably a maximum thickness of the iron-based oxide is not more than 150 nm, as well as a cold-rolled steel sheet produced by this method and a member for automobile using the cold-rolled steel sheet.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a gasket-oriented steel plate excellent in elasticity and formability, to allow for reduction of a breaking elongation of the steel plate to improve a formability (punchability) and improve a proof stress of the steel plate against a repeated stress from a discharge valve to maintain a higher elasticity of the steel plate and a gasket able to withstand the repeated stress from the discharge valve.

Abstract: A tube is made by first making a tubular billet with a central cavity by a primary shaping operation. Then the billet is fed to a radial forging machine where it is forged into the tube by decreasing an outer diameter of the billet and a radial thickness of a wall of the billet.

Abstract: An apparatus for cleaning cylinders (5) and/or rolls (5), e.g., working rolls (5) in a rolling stand, which are used for producing a rolled stock (1) such as strips or slabs, in which a liquid is sprayed onto the cylinders (5) at high pressure through several nozzles D1-Dn, a number of nozzles (D1-Dn) are stationary arranged in and/or on a nozzle beam (10), at least one on-off valve is associated with each nozzle (D1-Dn), and one or several nozzle(s) (D1-Dn) are sequentially switched on and off one after another starting from one end of the nozzle beam.

Abstract: With regard to an Al content (%) and a Si content (%), a relation of a formula (A) is established, and an average value Yave defined by a formula (B) regarding hardnesses measured at 100 points or more with a nanoindenter is equal to or more than 40. 0.3?0.7×[Si]+[Al]?1.5??(A) Yave=?(180×(Xi?3)?2/n)??(B) ([Al] indicates the Al content (%), [Si] indicates the Si content (%), n indicates a total number of the measuring points of the hardnesses, and Xi indicates the hardness (GPa) at the i-th measuring point (i is a natural number equal to or less than n).

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for rolling strip-shaped rolling stock, in particular metal strip. This method is characterised substantially by the following procedure: the metal strip A exiting the pickling line passes through the two roll stands (3, 4) of the reversing roll stand, wherein the start of a subsequent metal strip B has already been welded to the strip end of the metal strip A before entering the pickling line (5), said start of the metal strip B is then rolled as well, specifically over a length corresponding to the wind-on length until tension is built up on the reel and likewise rims on the reversing reel (1), during the subsequent reversing the metal strip B is separated from the metal strip A such that the already rolled start of the metal strip B remains on the still unrolled remaining metal strip B, then the complete metal strip A is reverse-rolled.

Abstract: Metal wire coated with a thermoplastic elastomer has non-slip properties, especially suited for textile and paper. The coated metal wire is further mechanically deformable for use as a clothes hanger or a paperclip.

Abstract: Collector plates made of bulk-solidifying amorphous alloys, the bulk-solidifying amorphous alloys providing ruggedness, lightweight structure, excellent resistance to chemical and environmental effects, and low-cost manufacturing, and methods of making such collector plates from such bulk-solidifying amorphous alloys are provided.

Abstract: A high strength galvanized steel sheet including all in mass %, C: 0.05% to <0.12%, Si: 0.35% to <0.80%, Mn: 2.0 to 3.5%, P: 0.001 to 0.040%, S: 0.0001 to 0.0050%, Al: 0.005 to 0.1%, N: 0.0001 to 0.0060%, Cr: 0.01% to 0.5%, Ti: 0.010 to 0.080%, Nb: 0.010 to 0.080%, and B: 0.0001 to 0.0030%, optionally one or more of Mo: 0.01 to 0.15%, Ca: 0.0001 to 0.0050%, REM: 0.0001 to 0.1%, and Sb: 0.0001 to 0.1%, and Fe and unavoidable impurities as the balance, has a microstructure containing a ferrite phase with a volume fraction in a range of 20 to 70% and an average grain diameter equal to or smaller than 5 ?m, and has a galvanized layer on a surface thereof at a coating weight (per side) of 20 to 150 g/m2.

Abstract: A facility is provided for manufacturing a steel plate excellent in steel plate shape and mechanical property while setting low cooling-water spraying performance in a descaling step and achieving uniform cooling in a cooling step. Specifically, a hot rolling mill 3, a first hot leveler 5, a descaler 4, and cooling equipment 6 are arranged in that order from the upstream side in a conveying direction. A pressure P [MPa] at the point of impact of cooling water sprayed from the descaler to each surface of a steel plate 1 is greater than or equal to 1.5 MPa.

Abstract: A coin assembly and a medal assembly which have triple-structures, respectively, and a method for fabricating the same are disclosed. The coin assembly includes an internal ring; an external ring coupled to an outside of the internal ring; an insert coupled to an inside the internal ring; a first recess formed in an outer surface of the internal ring, to have a predetermined portion of an outer surface of the external ring inserted therein, when the internal ring and the external ring are assembled with each other; and a second recess formed in an outer surface of the insert, to have a predetermined portion of an outer surface of the internal ring therein, when the insert and the internal ring are assembled with each other.