Abstract: A method for video recognition and related products are provided. The method includes the following. An original set of clip descriptors is obtained by providing multiple clips of a video as an input of a 3D CNN of a neural network, where the neural network includes the 3D CNN and at least one first fully connected layer, and each of the multiple clips includes at least one frame. An attention vector corresponding to the original set of clip descriptors is determined. An enhanced set of clip descriptors is obtained based on the original set of clip descriptors and the attention vector. The enhanced set of clip descriptors is input into the at least one first fully connected layer and video recognition is performed based on an output of the at least one first fully connected layer.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and systems are disclosed to measure media consumption. An apparatus includes a memory, machine readable instructions, and processor circuitry to instantiate or execute the machine readable instructions to access a domain pattern signature representative of a request to obtain media, the domain pattern signature includes (a) a set of domain names and (b) one or more of a location of the request, a time of the request, or a characteristic of a device used to execute the request, compare the domain pattern signature to one or more reference signatures, determine a first reference signature includes (a) a matching set of domain names and (b) one or more of a matching location of the request, a matching time of the request, or a matching characteristic of the device used to execute the request, and credit the domain pattern signature with an Internet site associated with the first reference signature.

Abstract: Features of various implementations are used to control operation of a second electronic device from a first electronic device using indirect control methods and optical character recognition. In some implementations, communication between a primary set-top box and a supplemental set-top box is configured in order to avoid the need for one or more provider-specific APIs. For example, one aspect of the disclosure is a method of identifying commands that can be used to control one or more features of a primary set-top box (e.g., DVR or VOD features) by a supplemental set-top box issuing commands to the primary set-top box via a wireless (e.g., IR) transmitter, and then using optical character recognition to identify the outcomes of those commands as displayed on a primary TV display or secondary display.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems, and articles of manufacture to identify an episode number based on fingerprint and matched viewing information are disclosed. An example method includes processing meter data to identify a presented media based on a bumper included in a media, filtering the meter data based on the identification of the media, selecting a candidate episode, the candidate episode not associated with a known episode label, determining whether the candidate episode appears sequentially after a known episode for a threshold number of presentation locations, and labeling the candidate episode as the next sequential episode after the known episode in response to determining that the candidate episode appears sequentially after the known episode for the threshold number of presentation locations.

Abstract: Example methods, apparatus, systems, and articles of manufacture are disclosed to estimate population reach for different unions based on marginal ratings. An example apparatus includes memory and processor circuitry to determine a population reach estimate of a union of time intervals for which media ratings data is available, the population reach estimate based on a pseudo universe estimate of a population audience corresponding to the union of the time intervals; determine a pseudo universe estimate of a recorded audience corresponding to the union of the time intervals; determine the pseudo universe estimate of the population audience based on the pseudo universe estimate of the recorded audience; and in response to a decision to update the pseudo universe estimate of the population audience to reduce an error of the population reach estimate output the population reach estimate of the union when the error of the population reach estimate satisfies a threshold.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture are disclosed to generate a signature based on signature candidates. An example apparatus disclosed herein includes first means for determining an alignment point of a first candidate signature segment and a second candidate signature segment, the first candidate signature segment and the second candidate signature segment include time data and signature data, the alignment point based on the time data of the first candidate signature segment and the time data of the second candidate signature segment, means for comparing a first signature to a second signature at the alignment point, the first signature representative of media included in the first candidate signature segment, the second signature included in the second candidate signature segment, and means for stitching the second signature to the first signature based on the comparison to generate a stitched signature, the stitched signature to be used for media crediting.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems, and articles of manufacture to create a reference signature asset from matched signature fragments are disclosed. Example apparatus disclosed herein form a group of matched signature fragments corresponding to a same piece of media. Disclosed example apparatus also select a subset of matched signature fragments from the group to form a path of matched signature fragments that collectively represent a continuous segment of the piece of media, the continuous segment identified by a segment start time and a segment end time, the segment start time corresponding to a fragment start time associated with an initial matched signature fragment in the path, and the segment end time corresponding to a fragment end time associated with a last matched signature fragment in the path. Disclosed example apparatus further use the path to combine the subset of matched signature fragments and create a new reference signature asset.

Abstract: An image processing method includes a step for converting current posture information of a camera into target posture information, where the current posture information includes current angular velocity information. The method also includes a step for acquiring first depth information of each pixel point in an image to be processed under a current posture. The method also includes a step for determining second depth information of each pixel point under a target posture according to the first depth information. The method also includes a step for obtaining a target image according to the current posture information, the first depth information, the target posture information, the second depth information, and first internal parameter information of the camera.

Abstract: An Internet of Things (IoT) device with zero touch provisioning includes one or more processing devices; a secure element; and memory storing software that, when executed in the one or more processing devices, cause the one or more processing devices to: install one or more clients on the IoT device for provisioning, enrollment, and updating, based on a device configuration; store an immutable device identity and a signing certificate in the secure element; and responsive to the IoT device being powered-on, cause the one or more clients and the secure element to perform the zero touch provisioning of the IoT device. The one or more clients on the IoT device for provisioning, enrollment, and updating operate with corresponding services with all communicating being encrypted, thereby protecting against cloning and counterfeiting of IoT devices.

Abstract: An electronic apparatus includes a memory which temporarily stores image data of an image captured by an imaging device, and a processor which processes image data stored in the memory. The processor: processes image data of plural images captured by the imaging device at predetermined time intervals and stored in the memory to detect face areas with a face captured therein from among the plural images; determines the amount of change in face area position detected from among the plural images, and determines whether or not there is motion in the captured face over the predetermined time intervals based on the amount of change; and determines that a user is present when it is determined that there is motion in the face.

Abstract: There is described a method for synchronizing a viewer-effect signal of a media content with a media signal of the media content. The method generally has: capturing an audio portion of the media signal from a surrounding environment using a microphone; obtaining a fingerprint from the captured audio portion of the media signal; from reference fingerprints associated with reference time positions of at least a reference media content, identifying a time position of the media content corresponding to the obtained fingerprint; obtaining the viewer-effect signal associated with the identified time position of the media content; and outputting the viewer-effect signal synchronized with the media signal using the identified time position of the media content for producing an effect to a viewer in synchronization with the media signal of the media content.

Abstract: An image processing method includes a step for converting current posture information of a camera into target posture information, where the current posture information includes current angular velocity information. The method also includes a step for acquiring first depth information of each pixel point in an image to be processed under a current posture. The method also includes a step for determining second depth information of each pixel point under a target posture according to the first depth information. The method also includes a step for obtaining a target image according to the current posture information, the first depth information, the target posture information, the second depth information, and first internal parameter information of the camera.

Abstract: Example apparatus disclosed herein are to obtain a first hash key, a second hash key and a third hash key representative of first reference media in response to a first query of a first table, the second hash key associated with a second time preceding a first time associated with the first hash key, the third hash key associated with a third time following the first time associated with the first hash key. Disclosed example apparatus are also to prequalify the first hash key as a candidate for subsequent signature processing associated with a first site signature in response to a determination that the second hash key corresponds to a second site signature preceding the first site signature in time and that the third hash key corresponds to a third site signature following the first site signature in time.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are system, apparatus, article of manufacture, method and/or computer program product embodiments, and/or combinations and sub-combinations thereof, for determining an optimal spot to insert supplemental content into a media stream to maximize the consumption of the supplemental content by users. An example embodiment operates by performing automated content recognition (ACR) on the media stream, thereby determining scene changes in the media stream. The embodiment identifies a plurality of potential supplemental content spots in the media stream based on the determined scene changes. The embodiment then performs a multivariate test involving test supplemental content over a portion of the potential supplemental content spots to a plurality of media devices, thereby determining the optimal supplemental content spot among the plurality of potential supplemental content spots in the media stream.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method and a system for obtaining enriched channel tracking data from a set-top box (STB). Channel information associated with channels viewed by at least one viewer on a display device associated with the STB is accessed. It is determined whether the microphone has captured one or more voice signals in vicinity of the STB prior to detection of an occurrence of a predefined event. Further, voice biometric data is extracted from each captured voice signal to configure viewer demographic data when the microphone has captured the one or more voice signals. The viewer demographic data is configured based at least on identifying viewer information corresponding to the voice biometric data. The viewer demographic data is correlated with channel tracking data corresponding to the detected predefined event to generate a payload. The data packet including the payload is transmitted to a remote server.

Abstract: Media monitoring and measurement systems and methods are disclosed. Some embodiments of the present invention provide a media measurement system and method that utilizes audience data to enhance content identifications. Some embodiments analyze media player log data to enhance content identification. Other embodiments of the present invention analyze sample sequence data to enhance content identifications. Other embodiments analyze sequence data to enhance content identification and/or to establish channel identification. Yet other embodiments provide a system and method in which sample construction and selection parameters are adjusted based upon identification results. Yet other embodiments provide a method in which play-altering activity of an audience member is deduced from content offset values of identifications corresponding to captured samples.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture are disclosed for determining the demographics of users. An example apparatus includes at least one memory, instructions, and processor circuitry to at least one of execute or instantiate the instructions to extract a first media data pair from first media presentation data from a media provider, identify a second media data pair in second media presentation data based on a comparison of the first media data pair and the second media presentation data, the second media data pair generated in response to a meter accessing streaming data associated with a second media presentation device accessing the streaming media, identify a panelist associated with the second media data pair, and, in response to identifying the panelist, cause a server to associate the second media data pair and demographic data associated with the panelist included in a report by transmitting the report to the server.

Abstract: An example includes a segment collector to: access impression records indicative of media access segments, the media access segments including start times and end times corresponding to media accessed by a panelist; and determine ones of the impression records that include a watermark corresponding to a first media platform presenting the media; a segment classifier to convert a first one of the impression records including the watermark to a converted impression record; and combine the converted impression record corresponding to the first media platform and a second impression record corresponding to a second media platform; and a media creditor to generate audience measurement metrics based on the combined impression records.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for enabling different modes of operation based on a detected audio trigger. The systems and methods may generate an audio signature for a detected first sound and compare the audio signature with a plurality of registered audio signatures. In response to determining that the audio signature matches a first registered audio signature, the systems and methods may enable a first operational mode for a device that enables a first plurality of commands In response to determining that the audio signature matches a second registered audio signature, the systems and methods may enable a second operational mode for a device that enables a second plurality of commands, where the second plurality of commands are different from the first plurality of commands.

Abstract: An advertisement analysis system for a sports broadcasting video using artificial intelligence, includes: a scene determination module estimating an area ratio occupied by a ground area in a broadcasted sports broadcasting video and calculating a height of an object detected in the sports broadcasting video to determine a scene of the sports broadcasting video; an advertisement judgment module generating an advertisement region according to the determined scene, classifying an advertisement image detected in the generated advertisement region according to an advertisement type of the advertisement region, and judging whether the classified advertisement image corresponds an official advertisement in real time; and an advertisement effect analysis module calculating, as an analysis result, an accumulated exposure period time, the number of accumulated exposure times, and an effect amount of money for the advertisement image judged to be the official advertisement from the advertisement judgment module.

Abstract: In one aspect, a method includes identifying an upcoming content modification opportunity on a channel. The method also includes responsive to identifying the upcoming content modification opportunity on the channel, identifying a group of multiple content-presentation devices tuned to the channel. The method also includes using, at least in part, an amount of content-presentation devices in the identified group as a basis to determine an amount of system resources to request. The method also includes requesting the determined amount of system resources for use in performing actions that facilitate at least a portion of the content-presentation devices in the identified group performing respective content-modification operations.

Abstract: Provided is a sponsorship server including: a transceiver; at least one processor; and at least one memory operably connected to the at least one processor, and storing instructions for enabling the at least one processor to perform operations.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture are disclosed to use station identification to enable confirmation of exposure to live media. Example apparatus disclosed herein include a watermark data segmenter to determine a media identifier conveyed by a watermark, a detection time determiner to determine a time at which a media meter detected the watermark from a media presentation by a media device, a reference identifier to query a library of reference signatures for a reference signature associated with the media identifier of the watermark and associated with a reference timestamp corresponding to the time at which the media meter detected the watermark, and a viewing type determiner to determine whether the media presentation is live or time-shifted based on whether a result of the query indicates the reference signature does not exist in the library of reference signatures.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and computer program products are provided for creating a resource management testing environment. An initial population of databases is established in a database ring, having an in initial count of databases and different types of databases that are determined based on an initial database population model. The initial population model receives ring classification information for the database ring from a ring grouping model. A sequence of database population-change events is generated based on a model, to change the population of the databases over time in the ring. An orchestration framework performs testing of resource manager operations based on the model-defined initial population of databases and the model-defined populations of databases changed over time. Model-defined resource usage metrics for each database are utilized to test the resource manager operations. Resource usage metrics and database add/drop events of a production system are used to train the models.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide an application display method and a terminal, where the method includes: acquiring a first flicking gesture, where a start position of the first flicking gesture is located in a first preset operating area; and when the terminal detects that the first flicking gesture is a first preset flicking gesture, displaying an application that is in a first state, where the first state includes at least one of the following states: a state of running in the foreground, a state of running in the background, and a state of being buffered in the background. Therefore, a recently used application can be displayed to a user according to a gesture of the user, without a need to dispose a dedicated button, thereby improving operation and control efficiency.

Abstract: Methods and systems disclosed herein relate generally to systems and methods for using a machine-learning model to predict user-engagement levels of users in response to presentation of future interactive content. A content provider system accesses a machine-learning model, which was trained using a training dataset including previous user-device actions performed by a plurality of users in response to previous interactive content. The content provider system receives user-activity data of a particular user and applies the machine-learning model to the user-activity data, in which the user-activity data includes user-device actions performed by the particular user in response to interactive content. The machine-learning model generates an output including a categorical value that represents a predicted user-engagement level of the particular user in response to a presentation of the future interactive content.

Abstract: A video packaging and origination service can process requests for content segments from requesting user devices. The video packaging and origination service can processing video attributes, audio attributes and social media feeds to dynamically determine insertion points for supplemental content. Additionally, the video packaging and origination service can identify supplemental content utilizing the same attribute information.

Abstract: Device-side validation of screen recordings is disclosed, including: accessing a screen recording of a user's activities on a client device with respect to a task; performing, at the client device, video validation on the screen recording, including by identifying a characteristic marker associated with the task within the screen recording; and in response to the characteristic marker being identified, sending at least a portion of the screen recording to a compressed version of the screen recording to a server for further processing.

Abstract: Method comprising receiving, by a first antenna, a first signal, and receiving, by a second antenna, a second signal. A feeder signal is forwarded to a base station, wherein the feeder signal is based on the first signal and the second signal. A polarization angle of the second antenna is different from a polarization angle of the first antenna.

Abstract: Video feeds may be analyzed to identify matchups between participants. The matchups may be used to derive a competition, context, statistics, and the like. A result of the derived competition may depend, at least in part, on an ordering and outcomes of a set of matchup events. The derived competition may be presented as a collection of video clips corresponding to the set of matchup events, related commentary, and/or related statistics.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture are disclosed to generate a signature based on signature candidates. An example apparatus disclosed herein includes first means for determining an alignment point of a first candidate signature segment and a second candidate signature segment, the first candidate signature segment and the second candidate signature segment include time data and signature data, the alignment point based on the time data of the first candidate signature segment and the time data of the second candidate signature segment, means for comparing a first signature to a second signature at the alignment point, the first signature representative of media included in the first candidate signature segment, the second signature included in the second candidate signature segment, and means for stitching the second signature to the first signature based on the comparison to generate a stitched signature, the stitched signature to be used for media crediting.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are system, apparatus, article of manufacture, method and/or computer program product embodiments, and/or combinations and sub-combinations thereof, for determining an optimal spot to insert supplemental content into a media stream to maximize the consumption of the supplemental content by users. An example embodiment operates by performing automated content recognition (ACR) on the media stream, thereby determining scene changes in the media stream. The embodiment identifies a plurality of potential supplemental content spots in the media stream based on the determined scene changes. The embodiment then performs a multivariate test involving test supplemental content over a portion of the potential supplemental content spots to a plurality of media devices, thereby determining the optimal supplemental content spot among the plurality of potential supplemental content spots in the media stream.

Abstract: An electronic device, computer program product, and method are provided that support individualized dynamic playback of a live video communication session. A controller configures the electronic device to receive at least one of an audio stream and an image stream provided by at least one transmitting device from among second electronic devices during a video communication session. The controller configures the electronic device to communicate the at least one of the audio stream and the image stream from the at least one transmitting device to other devices among the second electronic devices. The controller configures the electronic device to buffer the communication session in a dynamically accessible format. In response to receipt of a trigger during the communication session, the controller configures the electronic device to communicate a length of the buffered communication session to a particular one of the second electronic devices.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and media for detecting a presentation of media content on a display device are provided. In accordance with some implementations, methods for detecting a presentation of media content on a display device are provided, the methods comprising: detecting, using a light sensor, light levels in the light sensor's surroundings; generating a signal representing the light levels; detecting, using a hardware processor, at least one variation in light levels indicative of a presentation of a video scene based on the signal; detecting at least one variation in light levels indicative of a scene change subsequent to the video scene based on the signal; and determining that media content is being presented on a display device in response to detecting the variation in light levels indicative of the presentation of the video scene and the variation in light levels indicative of the scene change.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus to identify alternate language versions of media based on signature matching are disclosed. Example apparatus disclosed herein include a signature matcher to compare signatures in monitored data with reference signatures to determine signature match strengths associated with portions of the monitored data, the reference signatures associated with reference media assets. Disclosed example apparatus also include a data segmenter to divide the monitored data into first and second segments, the first segments including temporally adjacent portions of the monitored data having signature match strengths that satisfy a threshold, the second segments including temporally adjacent portions of the monitored data having signature match strengths that do not satisfy the threshold.

Abstract: One embodiment provides a method, including: receiving, at an information handling device comprising a digital assistant, a user command, wherein the digital assistant is providing a current output; determining whether an attribute of the current output should be modified, wherein the determining is based on a content type of the current output and a request type of the command; and providing a response to the user command; wherein the providing comprises modifying, responsive to determining that an attribute should be modified, an attribute of the current output during provision of the response, wherein the modification and the attribute to be modified are based on the content type and the request type; and wherein the providing comprises continuing the current output with no modification responsive to determining that an attribute should not be modified. Other aspects are described and claimed.

Abstract: A method for brand recognition in video by implementing a brand recognition application coupled to a streaming media player, for identifying an observed set of brands streamed in a broadcast video; receiving, by the brand recognition application, a broadcast video stream of a series of images contained in consecutive frames about an object of interest; extracting a set of brand features from each of image received by applying a trained brand recognition model with neural networks in order to detect one or more features related to each displayed object of interest in each frame, wherein the object of interest is associated with a brand image contained video content displayed to a viewer; and displaying, by a graphic user interface, information from the brand recognition application comprising at least time detected of the brand image in the video content of the broadcast video.

Abstract: A video caption generating method is provided to a computer device. The method includes encoding a target video by using an encoder of a video caption generating model, to obtain a target visual feature of the target video, decoding the target visual feature by using a basic decoder of the video caption generating model, to obtain a first selection probability corresponding to a candidate word, decoding the target visual feature by using an auxiliary decoder of the video caption generating model, to obtain a second selection probability corresponding to the candidate word, a memory structure of the auxiliary decoder including reference visual context information corresponding to the candidate word, determining a decoded word in the candidate word according to the first selection probability and the second selection probability, and generating a video caption according to decoded word.

Abstract: Techniques for video enhancement using a service are described. In some examples, a video enhancement service is to receive, from a requesting device, a request to provide a video, the request including an indication that at least a proper subset of the video is to be enhanced using at least one machine learning model; select at least one machine learning model to be used to enhance at least the proper subset of the video; enhance at least the proper subset of the video using the selected at least one machine learning model; and output the video including the at least proper subset of the video that had been enhanced.

Abstract: A media device and method execute computer instructions to: generate a first query fingerprint of media content; send the first query fingerprint to a server; and receive, from the server, an identification of a first channel being watched in response to the server finding a match to the first query fingerprint. The media device iteratively receives, from the server, a plurality of fingerprints generated from the media content in locations ahead of where the media content is being received; store the plurality of fingerprints in a local database of a computer-readable storage medium; and compare a second query fingerprint of the media content with the plurality of fingerprints to determine whether the media device remains set on the first channel, without continuously pinging the server. When the media device locally detects a non-match with the second query fingerprint, the process starts over with it finding a match at the server.

Abstract: One or more devices, systems, methods, may implement one or more techniques to provide sporting event content to a consumer. One or more techniques may identify a sporting event content from a remote storage location, perhaps based on a received audio feed and/or a video feed. The audio feed and/or the video feed may be time coded. The sporting event content may be received via a stream. The sporting event content stream may be time aligned based at least on the time code. An audio content of the sporting event content stream may be provided to a consumer who may have requested the sporting event content via a speaker device. A video content of the sporting event content stream may be provided to the consumer via a display device.

Abstract: In one aspect, a method is for use in connection with a content-modification system that includes a content-distribution system and a content-presentation device.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for identifying media content using temporal signal characteristics are disclosed. An example apparatus includes at least one memory, computer readable instructions, and at least one processor to execute the instructions to identify intervals in a media signal; generate interval sums for respective ones of the intervals, a first interval sum of the interval sums based on a sum of magnitudes of first peaks of the media signal that occur between zero crossings of a first interval of the intervals of the media signal; identify second peaks based on the interval sums; and generate a signature representative of the media signal based on the second peaks.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods and systems to help disambiguate channel identification in a scenario where fingerprint data of media content matches multiple reference fingerprints corresponding respectively with multiple different channels. Upon detecting such a multi-match, a server or other entity will perform disambiguation based on a determination that a segment of the fingerprint data matches a reference fingerprint corresponding with just a single channel, such as a reference fingerprint representing commercial or news programming content specific to just the single channel. The server or other entity will thereby determine the channel on which the media content being rendered by the media presentation device is arriving, so as to facilitate taking channel-specific action.

Abstract: Features are detected from a sensor signal via a deep-learning network or other feature engineering methods in an edge processing node. Machine-learned metadata is created that describes the features, and a hash is created with the machine-learned metadata. The sensor signal is stored as a content object at the edge processing node, the object being keyed with the hash at, the edge processing node.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method for recognizing an image by an electronic device and a configuration of the electronic device for same. The method for recognizing an image by an electronic device of the present disclosure comprises the steps of: capturing an image of content; acquiring, form a server, content recognition information matching a recognized text by recognizing the text from a text area, if the text area is identified in the captured image, and acquiring, from the server, content recognition information matching an extracted fingerprint by extracting the fingerprint from the captured image, if the text area is not identified in the captured image; and storing at least one of the content recognition information matching the acquired text and the content recognition information matching the fingerprint.

Abstract: In one aspect, a method is for use in connection with a content-modification system that includes a content-distribution system and a content-presentation device.

Abstract: Systems and methods for video presentation and analytics for a sporting event are disclosed. In one embodiment, the sporting event is an auto racing event. A server platform is provided to collect and analyze real-time raw data and historical raw data, and compare drivers/vehicles from a current auto racing event and/or a historical auto racing event. The server platform is operable to overlay a ghost driver/vehicle on the images of a driver/vehicle in the current auto racing event based on the comparison. The server platform also provides a GUI for displaying the current auto racing event with enhanced features.

Abstract: Methods, apparatus, systems and articles of manufacture are disclosed to measure media consumption. An apparatus includes a controller to trigger execution of a request to obtain media from an Internet site, and a reference signature generator to identify a set of domain names generated during the execution of the request, and generate a reference signature based on (a) the set of domain names and (b) one or more of a location of the request, a time of the request, or a characteristic of a device used to execute the request.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatuses are described for automatically navigating a graphical user interface (GUI) of a media device. In embodiments, objects (e.g. selectable items) in device GUI menu screens may be located, identified, and selected by another device (e.g., a switch) using several types of image processing, image recognition, and automated screen navigation techniques. For instance, a device may receive an operation request, for example from a user, receive a video signal from the connected media device, extract a video frame, process the video frame using one or more algorithms, and automatically navigate the GUI of the device by transmitting one more navigation commands for application to the GUI. In this manner, multi-step, time-consuming manual GUI navigation to achieve a desired result may be reduced to an automated technique, allowing users to save time and frustration in navigating a GUI using a remote control to find a particular resource.