Abstract: A wheel system adapted for use with a guided soft target (GST) is disclosed. The GST includes a soft body that is removably attachable to a dynamic motion element (DME). The wheel system has an axle connected to the soft body and to a tire body rotatably connected to the axle. The tire body has an outer surface concentric with the axle and encircling the axle with a ground-contacting tire ridge extending from and encircling the outer surface. The ridge is constructed to contact the ground when the soft body is attached to a DME. The ridge is comprised of a ridge material and has a ridge width, both of which are selected to (1) permit the tire body to slide in a direction parallel to the axle when the tire body is subjected to a lateral force; and to (2) rotate the tire body as the DME moves.

Abstract: A motorcycle test stand comprises at least one dynamometer configured and arranged to be connected to a drivetrain of a motorcycle to be tested, and a receptacle configured and arranged for receiving a motorcycle frame, and a base fixing the dynamometer and the receptacle relative to one another. The receptable has first and second connecting points configured and arranged to be coupled to the motorcycle frame.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide an automated training system configured for use with two-wheeled automotive vehicles for permitting a user to operate a two-wheeled automotive vehicle on the system in a manner that simulates actual operation on a road or dirt pathway and incorporating kinesthetic sensory input to a person seated on and operating the automotive vehicle as part of an effort to learn how to operate the automotive vehicle safely and effectively in a controlled off-road environment. In some embodiments, the automated training system supports a real motorcycle. In some embodiments, the automated training system comprises an electronic actuator configured to actuate a piston within a cylinder in order to simulate realistic operation of the motorcycle as if it were being operated on a road or dirt pathway.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide a hydraulically assisted stationary motorcycle training device for teaching motorcycle riding skills in a controlled and supervised environment. In some embodiments, the stationary motorcycle training device includes a set of equipment for responding to operations of a motorcycle positioned on the stationary motorcycle training device. In some embodiments, the stationary motorcycle training device is hydraulically assisted for simulating a motorcycle riding experience to a person seated on the motorcycle. includes a set of operational motorcycle equipment for learning motorcycle riding skills.