Abstract: A vacuum-helium-leak-detection method based on a carbon-nanotube-based field-emission sensor that includes a carbon-nanotube-based cathode having a Raman amorphous peak ID/graphite peak IG ratio greater than 1.0. The method involves: setting a field-emission current at an initial, small emission current, recording an average of values of the field-emission current in a time period t, forming a sensing characteristic curve of the sensor, and performing fitting on the sensing characteristic curve so as to obtain an index curve; converting pressure values of helium gas into vacuum leak rates; and packaging the cathode into a vacuum chamber in a system to be detected, performing testing when a helium stream in the system to be detected reaches balance, obtaining an average of current variations in the time period t during the testing, and comparing the average with the index curve so as to determine a vacuum leak rate of the system to be detected.

Abstract: A fuel gauging system for a fuel tank containing fuel and an ullage gas in an ullage of the tank. The fuel gauging system pressurizes/depressurizes the ullage gas and measures changes in conditions of the ullage gas to determine ullage gas volume and thus volume of the fuel. The system may infer one or more values in the volume calculation to reduce the number of measurements involved. The inferred values may come from known operating characteristics of an inerting system integrated with the fuel gauging system. The system may use a control valve that operates within the limits of a climb-dive valve to generate the system response. The control valve may control delivering or receiving ullage gas from another tank to preserve the ullage gas. An inerting system may be integrated into such a paired-tank fuel gauging system.

Abstract: This application provides a method for box leak detection and a leak detection system, and relates to the field of leak detection technologies. The method for box leak detection may include: filling a box under test with a tracer gas, where the box under test has a plurality of positions under test; and measuring a leak rate at each position under test. Leak detection may be performed on each position under test of the box under test. In this way, not only a specific leak position can be determined, so that leak-proof treatment may be subsequently performed on the leak position in a targeted manner, but also the leak rate at each position under test can be measured, providing a basis for a level of to-be-taken leak-proof measures and whether to take leak-proof measures, thereby improving accuracy of box leak detection.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for leak testing by which occurrence of fine leakage from a work as a test object can be determined without being affected by a released tracer gas that is also released from a non-defective work. The method for leak testing includes a series of steps including a gas bombing step wherein a work W as a test object is soaked in a pressurized tracer gas, a work setting step wherein the work subjected to the gas bombing is set in a hermetically sealed container 10, a vacuum suctioning step wherein the hermetically sealed container 10 is vacuum suctioned by a suction device 20 and a measuring step wherein tracer gas measurement data are obtained by measuring a vacuum suctioned tracer gas with a detector 30. Tracer gas measurement data for a non-defective work are preliminarily obtained by performing the series of steps for the non-defective work having same specifications as the work W as the test object.

Abstract: Described herein is fluorinated dye comprising: a fluorescing coumarin-derived moiety connected to an oligomer of hexafluoropropylene oxide via a non-fluorinated divalent linking group. Such fluorinated dyes are soluble in fluorinated fluids and may be used to detect leaks in various systems such as refrigerant, air conditioning and/or heat transfer systems.

Abstract: A method for detecting and preventing leaks of a double-walled container for the storage of poisonous, caustic, irritant and/or combustible media utilizes a double-walled container with an inner wall and an outer wall. A cavity is formed between the inner wall and the outer wall, a positive pressure is generated in the cavity, and in the event of a leak of the inner wall, a gas is fed to the cavity in order to maintain a positive pressure in the cavity. A container system includes an open-loop/closed-loop control device for the open-loop/closed-loop control of a gas throughflow in a line. The system includes a pressure measuring unit for measuring the pressure in the cavity of the double-walled container.

Abstract: Disclosed is a He-3 detector arrangement that generally comprises a mass spectrometer that has an intake funnel configured to receive (sniff out) He-3 through an intake port directly from an open environment. The intake funnel is configured to direct the He-3 into the mass spectrometer. The arrangement further comprises a heating element configured to liberate the He-3 from regolith via heat. A mobile carrier is configured to position the intake port the regolith to obtain samples of the He-3.

Abstract: To prevent the loss of any brake fluid from a hydraulic vehicle braking system after a detected leakage, a testing or a retesting of a leak tightness of the vehicle braking system is carried out only after release, for example, after a repair of the vehicle braking system.

Abstract: A process for applying a fluorescent leak detection dye to a component of an air conditioning system. The process involves the steps of (i) providing a fluorescent dye that is solid at room temperature, (ii) exposing the dye to an elevated temperature to melt the dye into a liquid or flowable state, (iii) injecting, channeling, spraying or placing the flowable dye into or on a component or an HVAC or A/C system, (iv) allowing the dye to resolidify in or on the component, (v) attaching the component to the HVAC or A/C system, and (iv) dissolving the resolidified dye in a liquid/gas.

Abstract: A pneumatic leak detector operates by submerging a nozzle in oil. Airflow from the nozzle results in simultaneous cavitation and atomization of the oil. Microscopic oil droplets form a fog, which is used to detect leaks in closed duct systems. The integrated valve and nozzle includes a stem on one end for air input, the nozzle on the other end for air output, and a check valve between the stem and the nozzle to prevent the backflow of air or oil. The exterior body of the integrated valve and nozzle is a convex body wedge. A smaller concave wedge is cut at the orifice of the nozzle. The critical parameters of the nozzle are its orifice diameter, body wedge angle, orifice cut angle, and orifice cut depth, all of which have been optimized by experimentation to yield maximal fog density.

Abstract: Integrity of a flexible bag is verified by a testing system, using helium to detect existence of a possible hole. The bag is preliminary placed in vacuum chamber of a fluid-tightly isolated enclosure. After connecting a port of the bag to a helium feeding pipe and after pre-pressurizing the bag with nitrogen, a test is performed in a vacuum suction mode for a detection area outside the bag in the enclosure. Before starting the test phase, the bag is additionally filled with an amount of helium. A detection detects information representative of helium partial pressure in the internal volume, to allow detection of helium escaping from the bag, by analysis of a helium partial pressure drop. A small amount of nitrogen is sufficient to decrease leak rate mean value, so that uncertainty regarding integrity of some bags decreases.

Abstract: A vane pump includes a casing, a rotor, vanes, a motor, and a fixed member. The casing defines a pump chamber therein. The rotor is disposed in the casing and configured to eccentrically rotate relative to the casing. The vanes are configured to rotate together with the rotor to slidably move on an inner surface of the casing. The motor is configured to rotate the rotor. Both the motor and the casing are fixed to the fixed member. The casing has an outer side wall surface and a flange. The flange protrudes outward from the outer side wall surface at an intermediate position between both ends of the pump chamber in a rotational axis direction of the rotor. The flange is fixed to the fixed member at a plurality of positions. The fixed member has a linear expansion coefficient that is different from that of the casing.

Abstract: A hydrogen pressure vessel capable of preventing hydrogen-induced cracking of a cylinder is provided. In a hydrogen pressure vessel according to one embodiment, a gap part (G) in which an inner peripheral surface of a cylinder (10) is spaced apart from an outer peripheral surface of a lid (20) is provided between a female thread part (10a) of the cylinder (10) into which the lid (20) is screwed, and a resin seal member (30), and the cylinder (10) includes a first through hole (41) for discharging gas in the gap part (G) into a relief pipe (51) and a second through hole (42) for introducing gas containing oxygen into the gap part (G) formed therein.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for a vehicle. In one example, a method for the vehicle includes adjusting an output torque of an electric machine to produce a desired vehicle speed and direction of propulsion while operating an auxiliary load powered via the transmission. The output torque may be adjusted while disengaging clutches of a transmission or a service brake to mechanically unlock an output shaft of the transmission. The first electric machine may be operated in a speed control to learn an amount to torque to hold the vehicle speed at zero and the amount of learned torque may be superimposed with an amount of requested torque upon vehicle launch.

Abstract: Gas detection methods, systems, and devices. The gas detection device includes a housing portion configured with at least one gas sensor, one or more processors executing instructions stored on memory to process data from the at least one gas sensor, and a communication device configured to transmit a signal regarding the processed data. The gas detection device further includes a connection component to operably position the housing portion with respect to a structure to enable the at least one gas sensor to detect a gas emitting from the structure.

Abstract: An abnormality determination apparatus of the present invention acquires state data from work equipment provided with an attaching part to which a plural kinds of work parts are attached in a replaceable manner, identifies the kind of a work part attached to the attaching part, sets, corresponding to the identified kind of the work part, abnormality determination data for determining an abnormality of the work equipment, acquires, from among state data acquired from the work equipment, state data of a time when the identified kind of the work part was being attached, and compares the acquired state data with the set abnormality determination data to determine an abnormality of the work equipment.

Abstract: A handheld luminometer system and assembly are shown and described. In one embodiment, an assembly includes a portable luminometer and a front end platform having a microcontroller circuit to communicate with a host device. Typically, the portable luminometer includes a sample port to accept a test sample holder, a photomultiplier assembly with at least one photomultiplier tube, and a base. The result is a luminometer assembly for use with a single-use test sample holder in communication with a host device.

Abstract: The application proposes a non-destructive testing method for the sealing degree of the small cigarette box packaging, which includes placing the small cigarette box to be tested in an airtight chamber, using a balance cabin to quickly form a stable negative pressure in the airtight chamber; The pressure change of the sealed chamber is continuously measured until equilibrium, and the data model is analyzed and established by using Darcy's law, Fick's diffusion law and the physical process of molecular kinetic theory. Through the non-destructive testing method for the sealing degree of the small cigarette box packaging of the present invention, the traditional destructive measurement (damaged small box packaging) for measuring the sealing degree of cigarette small box is changed into non-destructive testing; The test results have specific physical meaning; The test time of a single sample is reduced to ? of the time of destructive test.

Abstract: A method for detecting leakages of fluids from sealed containers includes defining a detection zone in which a sealed container will be placed, putting the detection zone in communication with at least one gas sensor through at least one duct, introducing a flushing gas into the detection zone through the at least one duct, placing a container in the detection zone, sucking gases from the detection zone through the duct and transferring them to the sensor for ascertaining the presence of a gas leakage in the container.

Abstract: An anomaly determination device, an anomaly determination method, and a memory medium for a water pump are provided. An acquisition process acquires an input variable of a map from image data obtained by capturing an outer surface of the water pump. Execution circuitry obtains provisional determination results from maps, respectively. The provisional determination results are respectively obtained by executing the provisional determination processes for output variables output from the maps. A determination finalizing process treats, as a majority of the provisional determination results, a final determination result indicating whether coolant has leaked out of the water pump.

Abstract: Systems and methods for determining the health of a seal in a tire inflation system are provided. In one example, a method of determining the health of a seal of a tire inflation system on a vehicle includes obtaining one or more pressure measurements of a tire of the vehicle with a pressure transducer in communication with an electronic control unit and sending the one or more pressure measurements to a computer network via a communication network that receives signals from the electronic control unit, the communication network including a telematics device in communication with the computer network, wherein the computer network is configured to determine the health of the seal based on the one or more pressure measurements communicated by the telematics device.

Abstract: A battery pack leakage detection system and detection method are provided. The system includes a test container, a gas filling subsystem, a gas stirring subsystem and a test analysis subsystem. The method can test the sealing performance of the battery pack under the atmospheric pressure, so that the battery pack can meet the corresponding sealing grade requirements of IP67 and IP68. The method not only solves the problem that the traditional gas detection method cannot meet the test requirements of IP67 and IP68 due to insufficient measurement precision, but also solves the problem that the traditional vacuum helium detection method will damage the battery cells in the battery pack.

Abstract: Integrity of a flexible bag is verified by a testing system, using helium to detect existence of a possible hole. The flexible bag is preliminary placed in vacuum chamber of a fluid-tightly isolated enclosure. After connecting a port of the bag to a helium feeding pipe, vacuum suction is performed to obtain vacuum outside the bag in the enclosure. Then, a first amount of helium is diffused in the internal volume of the enclosure through a gas permeable wall, to increase helium partial pressure outside the flexible bag. After, in a test phase while said vacuum suction is still performed, the bag is filled with a second amount of helium. A detector detects information representative of helium partial pressure in the internal volume, to allow detection of helium escaping from the bag, by analysis of a helium partial pressure drop.

Abstract: A system and method for managing maintenance and repair of a commercial building roof that creates an access event log each time a roof location is accessed and precipitation event log is created each time precipitation occurs at the roof location to narrow the search for access events possibly resulting in roof damage causing a roof leak. A centralized computing system accessible by remote computing devices at each rooftop location is accessed to create an access event log when personnel access the roof. The computing system collects weather data for each rooftop location based on the global position coordinates for the rooftop location. Upon discovery of a roof leak, a system query will identify access events occurring since the latest precipitation event after which no leaks were reported to identify a list of potential causes for the roof damage. The system and method may also be used to consolidate roof maintenance, inspection, and repair to improve asset management.

Abstract: A sniffer probe for a gas analyzer is provided herein, the sniffer probe designed to suction gas and can be connected to the gas analyzer and includes a sniffer tip with a suction opening, such that gas is suctioned through the suction opening along a central perpendicular to the suction opening, and the sniffer tip has at least one elongate gas-guiding element, which is arranged substantially parallel to the central perpendicular and distally protrudes beyond the suction opening.

Abstract: A solenoid valve in a manifold is commanded to move to a closed position. Upon activating a pump to supply fluid to the manifold via a supply line, a first pressure is determined in the supply line after commanding the solenoid valve to move to the closed position. Upon deactivating the pump to stop supplying fluid to the manifold, a second pressure is determined in the supply line. Based on a difference between the first pressure and the second pressure, the solenoid valve is determined to be one of (a) at least partially open or (b) in the closed position.

Abstract: Methods for testing the integrity of a containment sump in contact with a matrix with a testing apparatus are provided. The testing apparatus may include an underground fixture positioned in contact the matrix, a test chamber, a conduit structure providing fluid communication between the underground fixture and the test chamber, and a pressure source for exerting a pressure that is communicated to the underground fixture via the conduit structure. In some embodiments, a method may include: releasing a test media into the containment sump; generating a negative pressure within the testing apparatus for a time period; and testing for the presence of test media within the testing apparatus. In other embodiments, a method may include: releasing a test media into the testing apparatus; generating a positive pressure within the testing apparatus for a time period; and testing for the presence of test media within the containment sump.

Abstract: A hybrid structure ultraviolet dye for leak detection in an appliance includes a ceramic matrix defining pores, and fluorophores encapsulated in nanoparticles bonded to the ceramic matrix within the pores. Upon excitation, the fluorophores release energy and emit fluorescent light to be detected under an ultraviolet lamp. The hybrid structure ultraviolet dye can be included in the refrigerant of a sealed system such that upon refrigerant, the hybrid structure ultraviolet dye, or both exit the sealed system at a leak onto external surfaces of the components, the color emitted by the fluorophores can be detected via application of a UV light.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for detecting leakage of a hollow component, comprising the steps of sealing said hollow component (1, 31), creating a pressure difference P1 and P2 between said hollow component interior and an adjacent compartment/enclosure (2, 32), putting a tracer gas in one of the hollow component or said compartment/enclosure, waiting for an enriching time T and then carrying out a step of transferring, via a non-selective or selective restriction (6, 7; 49), the content of said hollow component or said compartment/enclosure (2; 32) into which tracer gas has not been put, in order to concentrate, in a volume downstream of said restriction (6, 7; 49), the tracer gas that said content may possibly contain, and then in looking for the presence of tracer gas in said volume. The invention also relates to an installation for implementing the method.

Abstract: A pressure-adjustable auxiliary control system for high-pressure gas sealing detection includes: a high-pressure chamber environment monitoring unit configured to construct high-pressure test gas sealing environment and to test sealing performance of a sealing member; a first gas pipeline divided into two branches, of which one branch is connected to the high-pressure chamber environment monitoring unit as a first gas replacement path; a second gas pipeline which is connected to a test gas pressurization path together with the other branch of the first gas pipeline, where a first booster pump processing unit and a second booster pump processing unit are sequentially arranged in the test gas pressurization path for pressurizing the test gas, and are connected to the high-pressure chamber environment monitoring unit; a system air control module configured for control of respective air control valves; and a booster pump air control module and a driving air source preprocessing unit.

Abstract: A method for operating a kerogen-rich unconventional gas reservoir characterized by there being multiple hydraulically-fractured wells drilled thereinto comprises: recovering a methane-containing gas from a first hydraulically-fractured well drilled into the gas reservoir, steam-methane reforming the recovered methane-containing gas to yield a hydrogen gas and an inorganic carbon-containing gas, injecting at least a portion of the hydrogen gas into a second hydraulically-fractured well drilled into the gas reservoir, and injecting at least a portion of the inorganic carbon-containing gas into a third hydraulically-fractured well drilled into the gas reservoir.

Abstract: An internet of things (IoT) system used for an intelligent gas meter and an information transmission method for said IoT system. The IoT system used for an intelligent gas meter comprises an intelligent gas meter perception and control system, a gas network communication system, and a gas company comprehensive gas management system. The intelligent gas meter perception and control system comprises an intelligent gas meter perception unit and an intelligent gas meter control unit; the gas network communication system comprises a perception information communication system and a control information communication system; and the gas company comprehensive gas management system may comprise a perception information management system and a control information management system.

Abstract: Aspects of the present disclosure include a titration probe that mitigate the occurrences of titration probe clots. A bar such as segment of music wire, is extended across the tip of a titration probe and attached at both ends to the titration probe. The bar is configured to catch clots and prevent the clots from being collected along with a blood sample to be analyzed. The bar effectively reduces the cross sectional area of the titration probe tip.

Abstract: An additively manufactured heat exchanger configured to transfer heat between a first fluid and a second fluid includes a first channel with a first wall configured to port flow of a first fluid and a second channel with a second wall configured to port flow of a second fluid. The heat exchanger also includes a barrier channel containing unprocessed build powder provided by the additive manufacturing process and is located between the first wall and the second wall. The barrier channel is configured to prevent mixing of the first fluid and the second fluid when one of the first wall and the second wall ruptures.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an adjustable gas detection device for coal bed comprising a detection direction adjustment assembly, a suction head angle adjustment assembly and an analysis bin, wherein the suction head angle adjustment assembly includes a suction head first-level angle adjustment assembly and a suction head second-level angle adjustment assembly, and the suction head first-level angle adjustment assembly includes a suction head that sucks a gas through a suction pump and sends it into the analysis bin through a suction pipe for analysis; the detection direction adjustment assembly and the suction head angle adjustment assembly jointly adjust a position and a direction of the suction head. The gas detection device for coal bed of the present invention has many degrees of freedom, can quickly complete the angle adjustment, and realizes rapidly-oriented detection, as well as having advantages of high control efficiency, rapid response, flexibility and reliability.

Abstract: Provided is a porous pellet for inclusion into an operating fluid of a fluid system for detecting sites of fluid leakage. The porous pellet comprises a solid matrix formed by at least one fluorescent dye which is solid at room temperature. The matrix has a porosity of from about 10% to about 90%. Methods of installing the porous pellets into fluid system for detection of leaks is also provided.

Abstract: A freeze drying vessel (302) having a freeze drying chamber (304) that includes sloped horizontal shelves (352) that receive frozen particles (282). Each shelf is sloped relative to a horizontal axis (390) and arranged such that a downward slope between successive shelves alternates between first (392) and second (394) directions. At least one connecting member (374, 376, 378, 380, 382, 384, 386, 386, 388) is attached between pairs of shelves. At least one connecting member is attached to an associated vibration element (396, 398, 400, 402) located outside the drying chamber. Each vibration element vibrates a pair of shelves to cause the frozen particles to advance relative to an associated shelf and drop downward from shelf to shelf wherein the shelves heat the frozen particles to promote sublimation to form freeze dried product (284).

Abstract: A sealed cooling system includes a coolant tank having a liquid space configured to hold liquid coolant, and a gas space configured to hold gas. A temperature sensor detects the temperature of the liquid coolant. A pressure sensor detects the pressure in the coolant tank. A processor compares the pressure in the coolant tank to predicted pressure in the coolant tank as a function of liquid coolant temperature. The processor determines and outputs a signal indicative of a leak in the sealed cooling system if the pressure in the coolant tank deviates from the predicted pressure in the coolant tank according to predetermined criteria.

Abstract: A leak detector for checking the sealing tightness of an object to be tested includes a detection inlet to be connected to the object, a first pumping device, and a gas detector. The first pumping device includes a first rough vacuum pump, at least one second rough vacuum pump, and a turbomolecular pump. The gas detector is connected to the turbomolecular pump. The outlet of the at least one second rough vacuum pump is connected to the first rough vacuum pump, between two in-series pumping stages of the first rough vacuum pump.

Abstract: A pressure sensor for an evaporated fuel leak detector is used for checking a leak in a fuel tank and a canister. The pressure sensor includes a sensor unit, a case, and a sealing resin. The sensor unit has a pressure receiving portion, a plurality of conduction terminals, and a mold resin portion. The case is provided with a fluid flow path and a housing recess. The case has an annular inner wall surface that defines the housing recess and surrounds a side surface of the mold resin portion. The inner wall surface of the case is provided with a stepped surface that is parallel to the pressure receiving surface or is inclined by an internal angle of less than 90° with respect to the pressure receiving surface, in a cross section along a direction perpendicular to the pressure receiving surface.

Abstract: Methods and systems for detecting leakage in a permeability measurement system. The method includes connecting a plurality of flow lines to a first dimension of a core sample assembly, connecting one or more flow lines to a second dimension of the core sample assembly, placing the core sample assembly with the connections in a measurement cell such that the flow lines are accessible from outside of the measurement cell, connecting one or more gas sensors to one end of each of the flow lines, connecting an inlet of the measurement cell to a gas tank, setting fluid pressure inside the measurement cell to a predetermined value, and detecting a leakage in the core sample assembly by the one or more gas sensors coupled to the flow lines.

Abstract: A device (1; 2; 3; 4; 5) is provided for carrying out an integrity test on a sample of disposable components. The device has a medium chamber (10) with an inner chamber (11) that is bounded to the outside, for the purpose of receiving a culture medium. The device also has a sample holder (20) in which the sample (100) can be arranged in such a way that the sample (100) at least partially bounds the medium chamber (10) to the outside. The medium chamber (10) has a vent line (19) that is arranged on a side of the medium chamber (10) facing away from the sample holder (20).

Abstract: Method for testing a test piece for the presence of a leak using a foil chamber, wherein the foil chamber has walls having at least one flexible wall region to which a measurement volume adjoins and is arranged on that side of the flexible wall region opposite the foil chamber volume and is hermetically separated from the foil chamber volume, having the following steps: placing the test piece in the foil chamber, closing the foil chamber, evacuating the foil chamber and monitoring the measurement volume during evacuation of the foil chamber, using the result of the monitoring to reach a conclusion regarding the magnitude of a leak, characterized in that a venting valve connecting the measurement volume to the atmosphere is closed when the pressure in the measurement volume is below a predefined threshold value, and is opened as soon as the pressure exceeds the threshold value.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses a gas chromatograph-ion mobility spectrometry combined equipment, including: a gas chromatograph device for pre-separating a to-be-detected sample to form a pre-separated sample; an ion mobility spectrometry device in fluid communication with an outlet of the gas chromatograph device for detecting the pre-separated sample; and a gas circulating device in fluid communication with a discharged gas interface of the ion mobility spectrometry device for processing a discharged gas from the ion mobility spectrometry device, wherein the gas circulating device is further in gas communication with the gas chromatograph device for conveying a part of the discharged gas to the gas chromatograph device to serve as a carrier gas, which drives the to-be-detected sample to enter the gas chromatograph device. The miniaturization and the portability of the gas chromatograph-ion mobility spectrometry combined equipment are improved.

Abstract: A leak detection and containment tray includes a solid bottom surface and perforated upper surface and a pair of metal plates separated by a unit of absorbent material that is conductive when wet. When the tray absorbs a liquid, an electrical connection is completed between the pair of metal plates thereby causing an audible alarm. An illumination device is also provided and illuminated when the electrical connection is completed. A switch is configured to permit selective use of the audio and/or visual alarm.

Abstract: A method and device for determining the existence of a leak in a package includes generating an AC high voltage with DC high voltage offset in a circuit. A package is placed between an inspection electrode and a detection electrode, which are located within the circuit. The inspection electrode applies the AC high voltage with the DC high voltage offset to the package. Current flow through the package is then detected by the detection electrode. A detection board then processes the current flow and sends the processed signal to a programmable logic controller which determines if a leak is present in the package. If a leak is present, a signal is sent to a display to notify a user.

Abstract: A method for inspecting a seal of a flexible container for a fluid, particularly a fluid medication, includes covering the container at least in part—preferably completely—by a gas-permeable layer. The container, together with the gas-permeable layer, is arranged in a flexible, substantially gas-tight bag, and the substantially gas-tight bag is evacuated by pumping out via a bag opening. The container is filled with a noble gas, and the presence of noble gas, which escapes out of the bag opening from the container via a leak through the gas-permeable layer, is detected.

Abstract: To provide a solvent composition in which various organic substances are soluble, and which has no adverse effect on global environment. A solvent composition comprising 1-chloro-2,3,3,4,4,5,5-heptafluoro-1-pentene, a cleaning method using the solvent composition, a method for producing a substrate with a coating film, and a heat transfer fluid.

Abstract: An internet of things (IoT) system used for an intelligent gas meter and an information transmission method for said IoT system. The IoT system used for an intelligent gas meter comprises an intelligent gas meter perception and control system, a gas network communication system, and a gas company comprehensive gas management system. The intelligent gas meter perception and control system comprises an intelligent gas meter perception unit and an intelligent gas meter control unit; the gas network communication system comprises a perception information communication system and a control information communication system; and the gas company comprehensive gas management system may comprise a perception information management system and a control information management system.

Abstract: An aerosol distributor and an arrangement for filter leakage detection in a gas filtration system comprising such aerosol distributor, the aerosol distributor being configured to be positioned in a gas stream upstream of a filter, said aerosol distributor comprising: a hollow housing having at least one aerosol inlet for admitting an aerosol from an aerosol source into a chamber inside said housing, and a plurality of aerosol outlet holes for releasing the aerosol from the chamber into a gas stream surrounding the housing, wherein said housing has a plate like shape having an upstream surface configured to face an incoming gas stream and a downstream surface configured to face a filter, wherein said housing comprises a plurality of channels extending between channel inlets at the upstream surface and channel outlets at the downstream surface of the housing, such that gas from the gas stream can pass through the housing.