Abstract: A dual containment pipe system suitable for installation into an existing conduit includes an impervious containment pipe adapted to be installed as a primary containment pipe and a crush-resistant and flexible spacer element disposed about the entire external circumference of the primary containment pipe. The spacer is formed of a plurality of spaced apart and parallel substantially crush-resistant longitudinal members with a plurality of spaced apart parallel flexible connecting ribs bonded thereto. The longitudinal members form a uniform space when the containment pipe suitable for installation of leak detection systems including cables or based on measuring pressure differentials. The new impervious primary containment pipe may be cured in place, folded and formed, diameter reduced pipe, or any other pipe suitable for pipeline rehabilitation.

Abstract: A small size apparatus for measuring and recording acceleration comprises an acceleration sensor, an A/D converter which converts the output signal of the acceleration sensor to a digital signal, a control element which processes the digital signal, a detachable external memory device which stores data of a change in acceleration and, a battery for supplying electric power to the sensor, the A/D converter, the control element and the external memory device. The small size apparatus is mounted on a moving body to be measured and the entire small size apparatus is driven by the battery. The correct attachment of the external memory device is detected by steps of writing data into a special address, reading the data out thereafter, and comparing the written data and read data. When the read data coincides with the written data, it is judged that the external memory device is correctly attached.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a circumferential actuator for actively contling and generating pressure waves in a piping system having a fluid or a fluid flow therein. The circumferential actuator includes a casing, a plurality of actuator units mounted in the casing for generating controlled pressure waves, a plurality of amplifiers for electronically conditioning the force generated by each of the plurality of actuator units, a controller for providing the input signals to the plurality of actuator units for controlling the phase and amplitude of the generated pressure wave, and a pressure compensating system for providing a balancing force to each actuator unit. The casing is adapted for interconnection in fluid communication with the piping system for passing the piping system flow therethrough. The plurality of actuator units are arranged axi-symmetrically around the casing.

Abstract: A contaminated valve containment device is provided which includes a leak-proof housing that is attachable to a leaking pipe member to prevent migration of contaminants to the environment. Disposed inside the housing is a catch pan for collecting contaminates leaking from the pipe member. A drain tube is provided in communication with the catch pan to evacuate the collected contaminates. An environmentally safe container may be connected to the drain tube for storage of the contaminants. At least one removable panel is provided on the wall of the housing to allow access to the leaking pipe member for maintenance purposes. The removable panel may be secured to the housing by either leak-proof or non-leak-proof seals depending upon the toxicity of the liquid carried by the pipe member.

Abstract: A disc-shaped sealing device for use in temporarily blocking and sealing a plastic fitting in a drain, vent, waste plumbing system is molded as an integral, unitary piece from polymeric material. The sealing device comprises a circular disc and an angled flange extending outwardly and upwardly from the perimeter of the circular disc. The disc-shaped device fits snugly within a barrel of a plastic fitting such that the circular disc is coaxially received in the barrel of the plastic fitting and the angled flange mates with and lies against a bevel in the barrel of the plastic fitting. A lug extends downwardly from the circular disc. First and second elongate grooves are formed in one of the surfaces of the circular disc. These grooves have a common juncture positioned near the forward end of the lug, the grooves diverge and extending along the opposite sides of the lug to near the back end of the lug.

Abstract: The invention is an apparatus for detecting leaks in pipe systems. The apparatus has an elongate body to which are attached two pairs of inflatable seals; one pair adjacent one end and the other pair adjacent the opposite end of the body. A testing zone is defined between the pairs of seals. The seals of each pair are spaced one from the other along the length of the body and, when inflated, are capable of sealingly engaging the inner walls of a pipe to be tested. The apparatus also has an air supply to inflate the seals; a water supply to supply water to the testing zone; a pressure sensor between the seals of each pair to detect incomplete sealing between the seals, when they are inflated, and the inner walls of the pipe; and a pressure sensor within the testing zone to detect changes in water level in the testing zone.

Abstract: This invention relates to a mobile pipe testing system. The system carries its own supply of a test fluid and an independent power source. During operation, a pipe is lifted by an inbound conveyor and is delivered to a pre-test station, from which it is lifted by the arm and deposited into a testing cradle. The ends of the pipe are sealed by test plugs which are moved into engagement with the pipe ends, and a pressure is applied to the interior of the pipe to test the pipe for possible leakage. Once the test is complete, the test plugs are moved away from engagement with the pipe, and the lifting arm moves the pipe segment into a holding station, wherein the pipe is allowed to drain, while the fluid is filtered, collected and recycled back into a fluid container. The lifting arm then transports the pipe to the outbound conveyor which off loads the pipe.

Abstract: The invention constitutes an apparatus and method for inexpensively, testing sewer drainage pipes and other pipes for leaks especially where exterior inspection is impractical, which includes the use of an inflatable test ball, a remotely operated camera lens with lighting and viewing terminal, snaking assisting lanyards and a method of snaking and water or other test fluid, wherein segments of pipe are isolated by snaking the test ball and camera to a point in the pipe, inflating the test ball to seal a segment of the pipe, internally, and viewing the quality of the seal of the test ball with the camera lens by its being located on one side of the test ball opposite the side water is injected into the pipe segment being tested and viewing and comparing water stability on both sides of the test ball.

Abstract: Equipment and techniques test the integrity of one or more seals within an oilfield tubular threaded connection 12. A test fixture 74 may be utilized including three axially spaced sensors 92, 86 and 88 which are each responsive to radial deformation of an outer surface of an internally pressurized threaded connection. Excessive radial deformation indicates a failure of at least one of the threaded connection seals. A relatively simple yet highly reliable technique is provided for quickly and easily determining the sealing integrity of a threaded connection made up at a well site. If any one of the multiple seals fails during the test, the operator may either break out and re-test the connection, or may make up and test a new threaded connection. The present invention may be used for substantially increasing the integrity of oilfield tubular connections and thereby reducing the overall cost of hydrocarbon exploration and recovery operations.

Abstract: A vapor recovery system used with fuel dispensers and having error detection capabilities incorporated therein for detecting vapor leaks and performance deficiencies in the vapor recovery system. The vapor recovery system includes a fuel nozzle connected to a fuel source for pumping fuel into a vehicle. A vapor transfer line is connected to the nozzle and has a connected pump which pumps fuel vapor from the nozzle through the vapor transfer line and into a vapor holding tank. A pair of test valves are connected in the vapor transfer line on opposite sides of the pump and are used to isolate selected sections of the vapor recovery system for test purposes. Connected between each test valve and pump is a pressure sensor for measuring pressure in the vapor transfer line. A digital processor is connected to the vapor recovery system to control the vapor recovery system and to place the vapor recovery system in various test modes.

Abstract: In accordance with illustrative embodiments of the present invention, the existing valves in a crude oil, gas, or other product pipeline are positively sealed off to allow a pressure test to be made of a section or segment of the pipeline between the valves. The section is packed with a hydrocarbon or aqueous liquid. A mixture of a highly viscous hydrocarbon based gel material and a lost-circulation material are injected into the pipeline segment adjacent each valve to form plugs in the line. The gel plugs are squeezed under pressure against the internal components of each valve to cause all leakage paths therein to be bridged over and sealed off. The pipeline segment then is pressure tested to determine if there are any leaks therein, after which the gel is flushed out of the line and broken down into a linear pumpable state for disposal.

Abstract: Direction of travel from a wave front in a pipeline is determined with two pressure sensors spaced relatively near to each other so that the site from which the wave front emanated is not located therebetween. For each sensor, a determination is made as to whether a detected signal has exceeded a negative or a positive threshold. In addition, the sensor outputs are subtracted from each other to determine which sensor detected the wave front first. Combining the resulting signals yields information on the nature of the wave front and its direction of travel.

Abstract: Disclosed is a pressure apparatus for use in analyzing the leak integrity of a fluid dispensing system such as a system used to dispense gasoline from an underground storage tank into a motor vehicle. The apparatus includes at least one pressure device (e.g., a pressure gauge and/or a quick-connect fitting) having its own enclosure. The apparatus has an additional containment structure substantially surrounding the device enclosure so that inadvertent fluid leaks are captured by the structure. Also disclosed is a fluid dispensing system incorporating one or more apparatus. The apparatus is particularly useful for carrying out periodic inspections of the system to help assure that it is substantially leak-free.

Abstract: A method for detecting leakage from a chemical recovery boiler system of the type which includes a recovery boiler and associated output steam piping includes the steps of measuring fluid input into the recovery boiler system; measuring fluid output from the recovery boiler system; and calculating fluid leakage loss based on the differences between the measured fluid input and output values.

Abstract: A device (10) for detecting irregular operation in a pressurized fluid vessel, such as leaks in a pipeline (20), includes a transducer (21) for measuring pipeline (20) instantaneous pressure, a microcomputer (23) and a wake-up timer (29). Microcomputer (23) performs several different tests upon the collected pressure data to reliably ascertain if a leak or break in pipeline (20) has occurred. The first test involves a comparison of rates of change of pressure at successive preselected timed intervals, referred to as timed interval comparisons. If any test is failed, an alarm (30) and/or actuator (31) for valve or system shut-down are operated. Once the timed intervals and testing are concluded, microprocessor (23) reverts to a powerdown mode to conserve power. Wake-up timer (29) resets microcomputer (23) at preselected intervals for additional pressure data collection and testing.

Abstract: A corrosion resistant cable for use in electrical detection systems for fluid leaks in pipelines and the like includes a central electrical conductor, annular spacer means of electrically insulating material disposed around the central conductor, the annular spacer having a plurality of void spaces for receiving leakage fluid, and an annular sheath disposed around the spacer in concentric relation with the central conductor, the annular spacer formed of a plurality of electrically conductive wires, said wires having a coating of corrosion resistant material for protection against water, acids, alkalis, solvents or other liquids or environmental contaminants that may be present in the vicinity. An uninsulated wire may be incorporated in the sheath to cooperate with an uninsulated central conductor to detect conductive liquids, thereby allowing a leak detection system utilizing the cable to distinguish between leaks of conductive and non-conductive liquids.

Abstract: A pipeline inspection vehicle comprises a body 18 an electromagnet 20 for generating magnetic flux, and two foil packs 24, 26 for conducting the flux into and out of the pipewall 10. An array of defect sensors is arranged around the body 18, each sensor being mounted on a respective assembly 28. Each assembly 28 comprises a steel sledge 40 which runs along the pipewall and which is secured to a sensor housing 42. A length of belting 44 is sandwiched between the two and end portions form a leading member 46 and a trailing member 48 linking the sledge to the vehicle. Each assembly 28 is positioned against a spring 64 which is also positioned against the vehicle. The assembly collapses out of the way when the vehicle traverses a sharp bend and the foil pack 24 is deflected to the right. The two members 46 and 48 both counteract the force of the spring 64 when the sledge crosses a void in the pipewall.

Abstract: A drainage circuit surrounding a hydraulic circuit, such as a circuit for distributing drinking water on an aircraft, includes an element around one enlarged portion (right connector, T, Y connector, etc) of the hydraulic circuit, namely a draining unit (20) formed of two half shells (24, 26) and tubular joining pieces (28). Imperviousness between the two half shells and between the half shells and the joining pieces is ensured by projecting portions (36, 38) which penetrate into a humidity-repellent stabilized gel (40) placed inside receptacles (42, 44). In addition, clipping members (48, 50) are provided on the half shells.

Abstract: A mobile apparatus for testing the integrity of a joint between two sections of concrete pipe in a test-as-you-go method of assembling concrete pipe sections to form a continuous pipe. The apparatus includes a wheel mounted frame which carries a flexible seal used to cover the interior of the entire pipe joint to form a substantially closed annular space. That space and a connected tank provide a substantially known volume for measurement purposes. The pressure in the known volume is monitored over a set period of time to determine the integrity of the pipe joint. The apparatus is moved along the interior of the pipe to test each joint after it is assembled. A method of testing the pipe joints is also disclosed.

Abstract: A flow meter for determining rates of fluid flow in a fluid conduit where the flow rates are low. The flow meter comprises a parallel combination of a controllable valve and a pressure differential sensing device coupled to the conduit. The flow meter operates by maintaining equal pressure on both sides thereof. When pressure unbalance occurs, the flow meter and associated control apparatus measures the amount of fluid necessary to equalize pressure. The frequency of fluid replenishment necessary to equalize the pressure determines flow rate.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for measuring a rate of leakage from a closed vessel enclosed in a container. Air is expelled from the container and a charge of helium-free gas is introduced. The preferred container is comprised of flexible sheets with mating edges sealed together. The flexible container is collapsed when air is expelled, and then limply charged with a known volume of helium-free gas. The vessel is pressurized with helium, the rate of accumulation of which is measured in the container gas to determine the leakage from the vessel.

Abstract: The underground secondary containment and simultaneous vapor return piping system is adapted for use at a fuel service station which includes a fuel dispenser, a fuel nozzle and nozzle vapor return structure at a dispensing island, an underground fuel storage tank and a primary fuel delivery pipeline.

Abstract: A steam line plug support tool for maintaining steam line plugs in steam line nozzles during the local leak rate test of boiling water reactors which includes an elongated beam with a support piece attached at a location to coincide with the steam line plug. The steam line plug support tool may optionally have a steam line plug attached to the support plate so that the support tool may be used for both installation and support.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for improved containment, detection, and monitoring of leaks of piped substances in which piping systems are constructed of connections of flanged, plastic-lined concentric pipe segments, these segments each having an inner and outer shell with an annulus therebetween and an aperture connecting the annulus with the exterior flange face of the pipe segment. A connector is described which may be placed between pipe segments to be connected and which has annular resilient sealing members and inner plastic seals to provide seals at the connection. The piping system provides an annular containment passageway to capture fluid escaping from the inner shell of a pipe segment and communicate the fluid to a fluid detection port in the connector. The annular containment passageway comprises at least one pipe segment annulus, at least one aperture in the pipe segment, and an annular fluid opening at the connector to communicate fluid toward the fluid detection port.

Abstract: A pipe fitting having an end wall and forming a port radially inwardly of the flange to align with the wall opening; an annular elastomeric seal positioned to be compressed between the wall and the work body wall for preventing leakage of fluid outwardly from the wall opening; a test cap unit spaced from the seal and aligned therewith to close off the opening and fastener structure extending through the cap unit and adjustably attached to the fitting for urging the cap unit into sealing relation with the inner side of the work body wall, about the opening, when the seal is compressed as aforesaid, whereby the cap unit then closes off the opening so that test liquid under pressure can be filled into the fitting to test for leakage; the cap unit having annular sealing structure facing toward the annular seal for sealing engagement with the wall inner side, the sealing structure comprising an elastomeric ring and the cap unit includes a plate carrying the ring, the ring consisting of resiliently deflectable mate

Abstract: A multiaxial pipe system is provided particularly for use in underground fuel transfer between a fuel storage tank and one or more dispensing pumps. The pipe system includes a primary fuel flow line and a vapor recovery line mounted within a common outer containment conduit. Adapter fittings are provided on the ends of the fuel flow and vapor recovery lines for quick and easy connection to biaxial pipe fittings located respectively at the fuel storage tank and at each dispensing pump.

Abstract: A hydrocyclone is provided with a wear monitoring element of the type of a tube (24) or the like embedded in the wall section of the shell of the hydrocyclone. When the furrows worn by abrasive fraction of the cyclone are deep enough to reach the monitoring element, the wear causes a visually observed leak or some other signal alerting the operating personnel to the need of replacing the partly worn hydrocyclone.

Abstract: A hose (1) includes a main pressure cord layer (5) for holding a fluid, and an auxiliary pressure cord layer (7) formed so as to sheathe the main pressure cord layer (5) and to form a buffering space (9) for retaining the fluid leaking through the main pressure cord layer (5) between the main pressure cord layer (5) and the auxiliary pressure cord layer (7). The auxiliary cord layer (7) includes first and second cord plies in an asymmetrical structural relation capable of being twisted by the pressure of the fluid leaking through the main pressure cord layer (5). Thus, even if its main pressure cord layer and its rubber tube are damaged leakage of the fluid can be prevented.

Abstract: A leak detector is proposed for fluid systems serving intermittent loads. The device generates a signal representative of the minimum level of flow occurring from time to time, this level of flow being taken as the rate of leakage. On the basis of this signal, the device generates outputs indicative of the presence and relative magnitude of leakage. A preferred form of the device monitors flow with a thermal fluid flow detector which is adapted to be removably mounted on a distribution system pipe and to be sufficiently inexpensive to permit wide application of the device to small fluid distribution systems, such as residential water systems.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for hydrostatically testing connections between segments of pipe whereby pressurized hydrostatic test fluid is selectively applied to the connection such that the pressures are principally applied in the vicinity of the radial orifices leading into the sealing elements of the connection and not radially to the inner or outer annular surfaces of the connection in the vicinity of the sealing elements of the connection which would tend to substantially affect the bearing pressure of the sealing elements. In addition, a method and apparatus for selectively applying pressurized hydrostatic test fluid such that the pressures are applied to those areas where the bearing pressure of the sealing elements of the connection is sensitive to the applied pressures, thus manipulating the bearing pressure and controlling the sealing capacity of the connection during hydrostatic leak testing.

Abstract: In accordance with illustrative embodiments of the present invention, the mainline valves in a crude oil, gas, water or other product pipeline are positively sealed off to allow a hydrotest to be made of a section or segment of the pipeline between the valves. The section is packed with water, and then a mixture of a highly viscous, aqueous-based gel material and a lost-circulation material are injected into the pipeline segment adjacent each valve to form a plug in the line. The gel plugs then are squeezed under pressure against the internal components of each valve to cause all leakage paths therein to be bridged over and sealed off. Then the pipeline segment is hydrotested to determine if there are any leaks therein, after which the gel is flushed out of the line, broken down into a linear pumpable state, and disposed of.

Abstract: A leak detection apparatus is shown for monitoring leakage from household water systems. Upon detection of a leak, the water supply valve is automatically shut off. A pair of spaced apart wires are imbedded in an insulating tape with liquid cell sensor elements formed at spaced intervals about uninsulated sections of the wires. The tape is placed about the pipe to be monitored so as to collect the leaking water within the liquid cell sensor elements to electrically connect the conductors within a cell. Electronic circuitry actuates a servo to turn off a supply valve and/or sound an alarm. The water collecting elements eliminate unintended alarms due to condensation.

Abstract: A pipeline test bulkhead that can be neutrally buoyant under water for ease of transport under water is disclosed. The bulkhead is manually transportable under water without a crane regardless of the dry weight of the bulkhead out of the water and necessary for ease of transport under water in order to test each section of a pipe as it is attached during the construction of a pipeline under water.

Abstract: A method of detecting leaks through a surface using a flexible film releasably bonded to the surface. Surfaces of pressurized fluid holding structures having a large number of surface penetrations, such as rivets, tend to have problems with leaks. Leaks at these penetrations are detected by forming a continuous film, typically a polymer film over the surface of a closed structure, pressurizing the structure with a suitable fluid and detecting leaks by the bubbles that form in the film. Generally, the bubbles ar reaily apparent due to tint changes in the film areas no longer in contact with the structure surface. Bubbles are also easily detected by feel. The film is removed around bubbles and the leaking penetration is repaired. Those areas can again be coated with the film and the structure repressurized to detect any remaining leaks. This test can be repeated until all leaks are eliminated. The film is then stripped from the surface and the structure is ready for cleaning use or further processing.

Abstract: An elongated fluid detection device, together with a body of absorbent material, is located between the inner surface of a pipe and an impervious liner spaced from the inner surface thereof, the detection device being operatively connected to an external station. The impervious layer may be of a type normally used for relining defective pipes in situ, and the body of absorbent material, together with the fluid detecting element, preferably substantially filling the cylindrical space between the inner surface of the pipe and the impervious liner.

Abstract: A velocity meter attachable to a baseball bat or other hand-held swingable sports implement to indicate swing velocity. The meter is provided with a ratchet wheel rotatable within a case whose cover has a window exposing a pointer on the upper face of the wheel. Affixed to the under face of the wheel at an eccentric position thereon is an inertia weight. The teeth of the wheel are engaged by a retractable pawl which permits counterclockwise motion of the wheel but prevents clockwise motion except when the pawl is retracted to permit meter resetting.

Abstract: A method for monitoring unusual signs such as partial heatings and partial electric discharges in an apparatus to be monitored, in which a sealed gas is enclosed into a tank containing the apparatus, and at least one of monitor gases represented by formulas (I) and (II),C.sub.n X.sub.2n (I)C.sub.n X.sub.2n+2 (II)wherein X is at least one of H, F, Cl, Br and I, and n is one of 2, 3, 4 and 5, is charged into the tank, and in which a reaction product gas of the monitor gas, generated due to an abnormality of the apparatus to be monitored, is detected using a detector. A gas-charged apparatus including an unusual sign monitor is also disclosed.

Abstract: A device for use in cryopreservation of blood vessels comprising a pair of stylets insertable into the ends of a dissected blood vessel segment. The stylets are mountable on a support track whereby the blood vessel can be distended and supported during cryopreservation procedures. Also disclosed is a freezing and thawing profile capable of maximizing endothelial cell survival. The use of chondroitin sulfate or similar compound is discussed as a novel cryoprotectant.

Abstract: A tool to be mounted to smooth wall tubes. The tool has an entry for the tube end, a split collet member cooperating with an annular seal within the tool, and a piston or ram element which is translated to sealing by fluid pressure acting on the piston element. This force provided by the piston element causes the split collet to engage the tube and to provide the force necessary to compress the seal around the tube. The tool may be provided as a dead head, or may be coupled to a second conduit for conveying fluids therethrough.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for cleaning fuel injector systems of internal combustion engines which comprises avoidance of burns and possible injuries in setting up the conventional system apparatus in the engine compartment. The present method is characterized by setting up the required connections and apparatus at the rear of the vehicle in an area isolated from the region under the vehicle hood. The invention has other advantages. In particular, filter replacement in the isolated area subsequent to completion of the cleaning process is effected by a novel aspect of the method which involves filter removal as a step in the method. In a conventional method the filter is left in place but ultimately replaced, for comprehensive maintenance of the fuel system, as an additional step. Another advantage of the invention is the method of detecting leakage in injector and fuel flow systems and to detect the extent of clogging of individual injectors to determine the need for replacement.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for detecting leakage in a liquid transporting line using a line leak detector connected to the liquid line within a manway containing a pumphead of a submersible pump. The line leak detector contains a piston moving within a cylinder to detect changes in the liquid volume to determine a leak. The movement of the piston is converted to an electrical signal by a core, affixed to the piston, moving within a coil. Retrofit installation of the line leak detector in a fuel service station is facilitated by the use of the existing electrical power wiring between the pumphead and remote pump controller.

Abstract: The positive-displacement pump apparatus and method for detection of leaks in pressurized pipelines disclosed herein measures volume changes at different pressures to determine thermally compensated leak rates. The apparatus uses a positive-displacement pump apparatus to precisely determine volume changes.

Abstract: A method for detecting leaks in a fluid pipeline where the pressure supply pump remains ON during the test procedure and pressure on both sides of a closed shut-off valve in the pipeline is maintained equal. A novel flow meter is provided comprising a parallel combination of a solenoid value and a pressure differential switch connected across the shut-off valve.

Abstract: An air pocket removal device is provided for the removal of residual air trapped in an underground fuel storage tank so that an accurate measurement can be made of the tank tightness and hence detect the presence of any leaks. The device is comprised of a guide column which can be fitted through the tank fuel inlet opening and which has an extendable hose fitted with a float which locates air pockets anywhere on the inner top surface of the tank. Any air present in the fuel storage can be withdrawn through the hose to the exterior.

Abstract: A method of testing pipe sections at an oil rig floor by means of an internal pipe testing tool and a pressurized gas containing helium in a ratio of helium to a carrier gas of at least about 1:2856 by volume. The gas is pressurized in a hydraulic accumulator remote from the rig floor. The pressurized gas actuates the test tool at substantially the same pressure as is used for testing the pipe section. A flexible enclosure confines the test gas which leaks from the pipe section. The enclosure define a substantially annular chamber around the area to be tested to confine leakage test gas to prevent its dissipation into the atmosphere. An aperture is provided in the enclosure to permit a sensing probe to be inserted into the annular chamber between the enclosure and the pipe section to sense the presence of test gas.

Abstract: Split fittings for use in the installation of a semi-rigid secondary pipe over a primary pipe comprise a pair of housing halves which, when mated, form a housing enclosure, sealing means and clamping means capable of holding the secondary pipe and housing halves as a sealed enclosure. A method of fitting a rigid pipeline system with secondary containment system with a secondary semi-rigid pipe uses the split fittings.

Abstract: A double wall pipeline is provided for a pumping system for fluid products, such as gasoline, diesel fuel and chemicals, and including a pump for pumping such products from a storage tank through the pipeline to a product dispenser. The double wall pipeline comprises a double wall, an inner primary pipe, an outer secondary pipe spaced from and surrounding the primary pipe, and integral spokes or spacers for supporting the secondary pipe in spaced relation to the primary pipe so as to create an annular space therebetween. The ends of some of the secondary pipe sections are stripped or cut back so as to terminate short of the corresponding end of the primary pipe and thereby permit testing and inspection of the primary pipe prior to completion of a secondary piping system in which the secondary pipe is incorporated.

Abstract: An apparatus for measuring the surface pore size in an externally enhanced evaporator tube. Basically, the apparatus includes a pressure housing and gage that are sealingly engagable around a portion of the surface of the enhanced tube, so that fluid pressure flows into the housing and then through the pores and subsurface channels on the tube and then to the outside of the housing. The pressure drop across the pores and subsurface channels of the tube relates to the size of the pores.

Abstract: A fastener for closing and sealing pipe ends subjected to internal pressure is applicable for testing plastic pipe for internal pressure resistance. Testing is carried out in apparatuses in which a pipe section is filled with water and then pressure is applied, its value corresponding with desired tension in the pipe wall. In the fastener of the invention forces exerting clamping pressure of fastener elements on pipe ends are derived from internal pressure within the pipe, allowing for disengagement of external supply during hours of testing on the one hand, and on the other hand ensuing proper proportion between this pressure and the forces clamping the fastener elements on pipe end.

Abstract: An apparatus for testing for the presence of leaks in sections of pipe is intended primarily for the testing of household connections. The apparatus has a front pipe sealing pad (20) to the rear wall of which (24) is attached (a) a hose so that the sealing pad can be inflated and (b) a connection (42) for a distancing rod (44). The device also incorporates a rear pipe sealing pad (22) through which are passed, properly sealed, the hose (26), tubing for expelling air (52) and a connection for filling (51). The rear pipe sealing pad can also be joined to the distancing rod (44) and is, furthermore, connected with its internal area (46) to a connection (48) so that filling and emptying can be carried out.