Abstract: A method and apparatus for testing packages for leaks. Selected values of suction and positive pressure are supplied to a testing position, which may be a test head. A package to be tested is held in the testing position by the suction, and positive pressure is introduced into the package through a puncture, which may be made before or after the package is placed in position. Values of suction and positive pressure are chosen such that a package meeting leakage specifications will contain sufficient positive pressure to overcome the suction, causing the package to be ejected from the testing position. If the package does not meet specification, leakage will cause the suction to hold the package in position. Thus, a rapid and visible indication of package quality is provided.

Abstract: A sealed container having a test port with a membrane which is pervious to gas and impervious to liquid may be tested by connecting a pressure device such as a vacuum pump or pressure pump to the test port and creating a pressure differential between the container side of the membrane and the pump side of the membrane, allowing the pressure differential to equalize through the membrane and monitoring the equalized pressure to detect whether or not the equalized pressure changes, which utilmately allows the observer to determine whether the sealed container has any leaks. If the pressure equalization time is substantially zero, the membrane and/or membrane seal is defective. In the event a leak is determined, the inside of the radio device may be pressurized to a selected pressure, by use of a pressure pump or the like, and then immersed in a liquid such as water. The location of the leak may then be detected by observing the emanation of air bubbles from that portion of the device in which the leak exists.

Abstract: A mounting technique and apparatus is disclosed for precision instrumentation and capable of allowing temperature induced dimensional changes without significantly affecting the precision of the instruments. A polymeric material is disposed on the surface of a clamping member (setscrew in a preferred embodiment) wherein the lateral movement of one element of the instrumentation is prevented by compression forces applied by the polymeric material and longitudinal motion is limited only by frictional load of the polymeric material in contact with the temperature stressed component. Thermal stress is minimized while maintaining alignment accuracy of the instrumentation.

Abstract: A cadence meter senses acceleration pulses of a pedalled vehicle resulting from individual pedal strokes and produces an indication of the timing or frequency of pedalling.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for the continuous, non-destructive testing for leaks in generally hermetically-sealed, flexible packages, which is adapted to rapidly detect leakages in vacuum from a plurality of packages contained within a closed case, to ascertain the location of the defective package or packages within the case and to automatically divert the case containing the defective package to a location other than that receiving cases containing all acceptable packages.

Abstract: Apparatus for seal-testing packages to enable only sealed packages to be processed. The apparatus includes one or more carrier devices for receiving packages at a receiving station and carrying them to a delivery station. Each carrier device receives a package between a pair of opposed pressure members, means being included to close the pressure members and hence compress the package during passage from the receiving station. A detector produces an output signal in the event that the pressure members have been closed by more than a predetermined amount when the carrier device reaches the delivery station.

Abstract: A container (34) includes first and second chambers (40, 42) for the storage of two substances (44, 46) such as medical liquids. The chambers are separated by a chamber-communicating assembly (61) which is selectively opened by an operator for mixture of the two substances and delivery to a patient. A leak detection compartment (62) encloses the assembly (61) between the two chambers, including a periperhal channel (76) and ridges (80) on the assembly (61).When seal integrity between the container wall sheets (36, 38) and the assembly (61) is less than complete, the leak detection compartment both prevents liquid in one chamber from entering the other through the leak pathway and also assures detection of the leak during the manufacturing operation.

Abstract: A jogger speedometer and odometer device adapted to travel over a surface while secured to a jogger's body, is provided and consists of a wheel rotateably connected by a shaft between the bifurcations of a forked. The wheel is mechanically connected to an indicator unit attached to a handle that is attached to a flexible shaft. The wheel activates the indicator unit through the flexible shaft in accordance with the relative movement between the wheel and the surface.

Abstract: A vacuum package tester is capable of providing data by which the internal pressure and volume of residual gas of a flexible wall vacuum package exposed to atmospheric pressure may be calculated. A container partially filled with liquid is surrounded by a deformation-absorbing enclosure. A vacuum pump reduces the pressure in the head space above the liquid, thereby causing a submerged package to expand. Pressure gauges record the respective pressures in the head space when the package expands by first and second known volumes. From this data, the internal pressure and volume of residual gas of said package, when exposed to ambient pressure and temperature, may be calculated. In use, the invention also performs an improved method.

Abstract: Tungsten halogen lamps require a fill pressure of several atmospheres. To verify the fill pressure at the time of manufacture the pressure is indirectly measured by first measuring the speed of sound within the lamp. A shock wave is produced within the lamp by rapidly heating a lamp filament or producing an arc between two adjacent filaments and measuring the time required for the shock wave to sequentially disturb two spaced light beams passing through the lamp. The speed of sound is determined from the measured time and the pressure is calculated from the speed of sound.

Abstract: The recorder comprises a case of moulded plastics material which forms in its lower part a driving cable entrance which is externally screwthreaded and bearings in which a shaft carrying a magnet of a tachometer and transmission means can be respectively fitted. The case further comprises internal ribs for supporting a sheet which closes the case and is in one piece with flanges which support the shaft of an indicator needle of a speedometer and counting means of the distance recorder and guide the fitting of the assembly inside the case.

Abstract: A handle stem for a bicycle, comprising a stem body, a projecting portion extending from the top of said stem body radially outwardly thereof, and a holding portion for a handle bar, provided at the foremost end of the projecting portion, so that a hollow, which is provided therein, houses an indicator electrically displaying running conditions of the bicycle.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method of and an apparatus for checking sealed containers for pinholes in a vacuum which containers have enclosed therein a vaporizable material, such as a glucose injection solution, distilled water for injection, milk or oil, or a sublimable substance, such as naphthalene (hereinafter referred to collectively as a "vaporizable substance"). With this invention, the vaporizable substance adhering to the sealed container and remaining in a checking chamber is vaporized first by a vaporizing suction means communicating with the checking chamber, and the vaporized substance is cooled and collected by a cooling heat exchanger to eliminate before checking the disturbances due to the vaporizable substance and to thereby assure accurate detection of pinholes.

Abstract: A system for detecting small leaks at low pressures in hermetically sealed units that includes a first flow circuit for connecting a test unit to a source of pressurized gas (air) to place the unit at a desired test pressure. The gas (air) is then rerouted through a second flow circuit containing a bubble chamber so that in the event of a leak, a stream of bubbles are produced in a liquid. The presence of bubbles in the liquid is detected by a doppler radar which provides an alarm signal in response thereto. The mass displacement of the bubbles within the liquid is controlled and the time period between bubbles is sensed to provide sufficient data to quantify the leak rate.

Abstract: A device for testing the integrity and strength of a seal. The device includes a first enclosure member adapted to receive a pre-sealed package formed of two films joined together to form a continuous seal, the two films extending outwardly of the seal to define a marginal edge portion of the package. A second enclosure member adapted to cooperate with the first enclosure member upon demand is also provided to seal the marginal edge portion in spaced relation to the continuous seal of the pre-sealed package. The device also includes a fluid injection member adapted to cooperate with the first and second enclosure members by injecting a fluid between the two films after the marginal edge portion of the pre-sealed package has been sealed. An opening located outwardly of the continuous seal of the pre-sealed package and inwardly of the seal created by the first and second enclosure members is provided through which the fluid may be injected between the two films of the package.

Abstract: The invention discloses a monitoring device for monitoring vacuum pressure of an electrical device employing an evacuated envelope. The invention provide, particularly, a pressure responsive monitoring device which comprises an electric field generating device of vacuum type, an electric field detector means including a light source for generating light, an electric field detector detecting change of the electric field of the electric field generator due to the change of vacuum pressure inside the envelope and controlling the light depending upon the change of the electric field, and photoelectric converter for converting the light controlled by the electric field detector to an electric signal which is employed to monitor the vacuum pressure of the envelope.

Abstract: A training or practice device especially designed for use on athletic club type of equipment such as a golf club, tennis racket, baseball bat or the like which is swung to strike a game ball during normal game use and which device is releasably attached to the club, racket or bat and operable to provide an audible and visual indication when the swing of said equipment is proper. The device includes an element that is actuatable to give an audible and visual indication when the swing of the club type equipment has the optimum velocity and power for striking the game ball. The element is manually resettable after each swing of the equipment for subsequent and repeatable use of said equipment whereby the user, by practice, may repeatedly obtain the optimum velocity and power on each swing of the equipment.

Abstract: To increase the responsiveness of a vehicle alarm system to, for example, unauthorized entry through windows, jacking up for removal of parts or vehicle theft as well violent impact by another vehicle, at least one position sensitive sensor has its output signal, which represents the instantaneous position of the vehicle stored after activation of the alarm system. Any change in that position is detected and triggers a warning device when the deviation exceeds a predeterminable amount. The position sensitive sensor may be a fluid-filled vessel the internal resistance of which is measured in a resistance bridge or it may be a variable inductance sensor which is connected to a frequency generator whose output signals are counted and compared with a given value. The system according to the invention may also serve as an accelerometer.

Abstract: Glass lead seal test apparatus in which a multiplicity of microcircuit pages with the leads sealed relative thereto by glass are checked for leakage between the glass seals and the microcircuit package structure and relative to the leads; this is accomplished by providing an apparatus for evacuating a chamber of the microcircuit packages and a chamber of the apparatus, and then injecting helium into the chamber of the apparatus and then utilizing test structure to test leakage around the glass seals if a perfect seal is not present. The device is designed to handle a multiplicity of microcircuit packages during a given test cycle.

Abstract: An accelerometer assembly is disclosed which includes an accelerometer mounting block formed of a rigid material having a proportion of the modulus of elasticity to the density of less than 15,000,000 psi/lb/in.sup.3. The natural frequency of the mounting block is safely below the accelerometer's response frequency but higher than the frequency to be recorded so that the mounting block does not resonate with high frequency vibrations and cause quick saturation of the accelerometer amplifier or erratic signals. The preferred mounting block is formed of polycarbonate, which is non-metallic, rigid, and lightweight, and has a natural frequency sufficiently below that of the accelerometer.

Abstract: Device for performing vibration measurement of parts, having at least one measuring instrument making contact with a measuring point under spring load, and a manipulating device operatively associated with the measuring instrument for bringing the latter to the measuring point including means for retracting the measuring instrument into the manipulating device while the measuring instrument is brought to the measuring point by the manipulating device, the measuring instrument being detachable from the manipulating device, except for yieldable connections, during vibration measurement at the measurement point, the measuring instrument having means for firmly fixing the position thereof at the measuring point.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for checking the internal pressure of a filled lamp bulb. According to the invention, a filled bulb to be checked is inserted into a gas tight chamber; the chamber is then sealed and pressurized. The lamp envelope is broken by means in the chamber. Chamber pressure is measured before and after breaking the envelope.

Abstract: Leaks in a vessel or pipeline or the like, adapted for containing a fluid, are sealed by means of a volatilized polymerizable organosilane comprising a mercaptosilane, an acyloxysilane, or an alkoxysilane taken on conjunction either with acetic acid anhydride or an amine, or mixtures thereof, the organosilane being supplied to the interior of the vessel or pipeline under sufficient pressure and for a sufficient period of time to permit contact and chemical reaction thereof in the presence of moisture or sand at the situs of the leak to provide a solid polysiloxane seal.

Abstract: A smoke generator is adapted to be used with other apparatus for testing the peripheral seal integrity of a package. The smoke generator heats a fuel within a chamber and then aspirates smoke into a conduit through which fluid is flowing. The apparatus includes additional conduits operatively arranged to selectively flush the chamber of ash and other accumulated particulate material.

Abstract: Pressure changes in the engine case of an automobile are sensed to compute and display the engine rpm irrespective of the types of engines. A pressure sensing element is mounted on the oil filler port in the engine cylinder head cover by means of a mounting member made of an elastic material.

Abstract: Disclosed is an airtightness testing apparatus for watches which is constructed as follows. A support block and a guide member having a seat to carry a watch to be examined are attached to a post at a vertical space from each other, the post being set up inside an airtight container which is pressurized or decompressed. A light emitting element and a light receiving element are embedded in the support block so as to face each other with a vertical gap inbetween. Inside a cavity adjoining the gap in the block, there are a screening plate vertically projected in the gap and a contact member solidly fixed to the plate.

Abstract: A method, apparatus and system for determining the integrity of a container sealed by means of a closure comprising a resilient sealing element and a cup-like cap having a top and a depending skirt compressing the resilient sealing element over the discharge opening in the container. The invention consists of verifying seal integrity by applying an external force to the cap and measuring the force required to effect initial movement thereof to overcome the residual static force in the resilient sealing element and by comparing the measured force which is essentially equal to the residual static force in the resilient sealing element to a predetermined standard known to provide an acceptable seal. It is known that when the force between the crimped edge of the cap and the container is zero which occurs upon initial displacement of the cap relative to the container, the externally applied force is essentially equal to the residual static force in the resilient sealing element.

Abstract: Leaks in a vessel or pipeline or the like adapted for containing a fluid, are sealed by means of a volatilized polymerizable aminosilane supplied to the interior of the vessel under sufficient pressure and for a sufficient period of time to permit contact thereof and react in the presence of moisture or sand at the situs of the leak to provide a solid polysiloxane seal.

Abstract: A method of detecting a broken foil that closes the opening of the window of the reaction vessel of an apparatus for treating waste gas with irradiation is disclosed. The detection is accomplished by monitoring a change in the window cooling gas.

Abstract: Hermetically sealed electronic articles (11) such as, for example, diodes are leak tested by exposing the articles to a fluid (28) under pressure. The fluid is capable of altering the electrical characteristics of the articles to a value outside of an acceptable range of values upon penetrating through faulty hermetic seals of the articles (11). After such exposure the articles (11) are routinely tested and the articles with values of their characteristics outside the range of acceptable values are identified or discarded. Ethylene glycol is an example of a preferred fluid (28) in that it has conductive properties which significantly increase the reverse bias leakage current of the diodes.

Abstract: A method of connecting a first shell to a second shell to establish a unitary sealed structure. A bead of a diaphragm assembly is connected to a first peripheral surface on the first shell to establish a first sealing surface and to define a first chamber between the diaphragm assembly and the first shell. A spring attached to the diaphragm assembly engages the second shell. A force applied to the second shell compresses the spring to bring a second peripheral surface thereon into engagement with the bead on the diaphragm to establish a second sealing surface and define a second chamber between the diaphragm assembly and the second shell. A vacuum evacuates air from the first and second chambers to establish a pressure differential between the first and second chambers and the surrounding environment. This pressure differential acts on the first and second shells to urge the first and second peripheral surfaces against the diaphragm to establish a unitary structure.

Abstract: Device for measuring the speed and/or the distance for skiers, consisting of a toothed wheel positioned at the ski and rotatable around an axis always vertical to the ski axis, the toothing of the wheel being in mechanical contact with the snow, whereby the wheel is protected at the side and in front and the space in which the wheel is positioned is open towards the back.

Abstract: A speedometer cable for a vehicle driven from the vehicle transmission has a speed transducer incorporated in the end fitting which attaches to the transmission housing. The speed transducer comprises, for example, a reed switch driven by a permanent magnet which rotates with the speedometer cable core for opening and closing at a rate dependent on the speed of rotation. The transducer has one terminal grounded through the end fitting to the transmission housing and another lead electrically connected to the reinforcing wire of the speedometer cable. A terminal member with an insulation piercing clip is spaced at a position remote from the end fitting and makes contact with the reinforcing wire to provide an electrical connection between the remote terminal and the reed switch to allow transmission of an electrical speed signal from the reed switch to the remote terminal.

Abstract: A sterilization system preferably utilizing two baths in which articles to be sterilized are immersed into a first bath where the articles are conditioned and then into a second bath containing a sterilizing solution where they are sterilized. The ingredients for the sterilization system are stored in hermetically sealed pouches which are opened just prior to use to release and activate the system. The sterilization system utilizes a chlorine solution which is highly efficacious while being non-corrosive and having a reduced toxicity and prolonged shelf life, and may be utilized by relatively untrained personnel.

Abstract: A density monitoring gauge is disclosed which modifies a Bourdon tube manometer by introducing a compensating element between the end of the Bourdon tube and the pointer actuating mechanism. The compensating element is designed to accommodate for changes in circumferential length of the Bourdon tube induced by temperature as well as to compensate for pressure changes in a closed system attributed directly to changes in gas temperature within that closed system. The compensating means may consist of a bimetallic member having an .OMEGA. configuration. Alternatively, the compensating means may include a pair of synthetic material rods connected by a thermally stable member such that linear thermal expansion of the rods is additively connected between the tube spring and the pointer actuating mechanism. The density measuring device is desirably used in connection with sulfur hexafluoride insulated electrical switching gear.

Abstract: Indicator instruments, particularly for vehicles, with a housing made of synthetic material, at least one indicator system which is fastened on a carrier connected with the housing, and a window shield which is secured to the housing and arranged in front of the indicator system or indicator systems, respectively. The housing is made of an elastic deformable synthetic material or plastic and has at least on two inner sides which are opposite one another two grooves which are arranged spaced from one another, in which grooves the indicator system carrier and the window shield are insertable.

Abstract: Apparatus is provided for testing the strength of a seal provided between an underlying substrate material and an overlying sheet material of a container. The package is inflated through an inflation needle inserted into the container. The pressure in the container is sensed through a sensing needle inserted therein. The apparatus may be used to test the tensile strength of the seal, and the location of any leaks therein.

Abstract: An apparatus, for measuring head accelerations of a test subject, having a mouthpiece which includes metal clips for securing the mouthpiece to the upper teeth of the test subject. Three accelerometers are secured to a mounting block which is attached to the mouthpiece. The three accelerometers have their active axis located along three orthogonal axis through the mounting block. The mounting block, the accelerometers and the accelerometer leads are embedded in an electrically insulating material.

Abstract: A check is provided of the gas pressure in a closed container having in its bottom wall a snap-action diaphragm of a type which assumes its concave-inward configuration when there is a vacuum of at least a predetermined level in the container, and assumes its convex-outward configuration when the vacuum level in the container is zero or less than said predetermined level. A test stand applies to the exterior of the diaphragm a vacuum sufficient normally to assure that it will assume its convex outward configuration, and then releases the applied vacuum to permit the diaphragm to snap to its concave-inward configuration. A proximity sensor produces an electrical signal representing the position of the diaphragm, which signal is differentiated to produce a signal indicating the speed of inward motion of the diaphragm.

Abstract: A self-contained device for selectively discharging a pressurized gas within a hermetically sealed vessel to which it has been sealed, to enable a leak testing of the vessel. A linear actuator is functioned to open a small, high pressure cylinder that has been charged with a detector gas. The mechanism is preferably mounted to the interior of a lid which is then sealed onto the vessel which is to be tested. Proper functioning of the device may be confirmed electrically, since circuit continuity between an electrical contact pin and at least one additional portion on the exterior surface of the vessel will be permanently broken after proper functioning.

Abstract: A method of detecting the defective portion of sealing comprising injecting into a moisture-tight container or package having a sealed portion a detection liquor consisting essentially of a colored liquid organic compound small in surface tension and high in permeability into small clearances. The defective portion of sealing is readily detected by exudation of the detection liquor outside the moisture-tight container.

Abstract: A method for determining and assuring that the pressure charged in a fuel rod is retained therein after the rod is sealed by welding a hole closed in the fuel rod end plug. The fuel rod end having the open end plug therein is sealed in a plenum chamber of known volume. A helium source then charges a first chamber to a predetermined pressure, and after isolating the helium source, the first chamber is discharged into the plenum chamber and the fuel rod. If a pressure sensor in the system indicates a relatively high reading, the end plug has not permitted gas to pass into the fuel rod. A relatively low reading indicates that the fuel rod has been pressurized and the hole in the end plug is then welded shut. To verify that the end plug is properly sealed, the plenum chamber is vented to a third chamber of known volume and the system pressure is then determined. If such pressure reaches a predetermined high value, the end plug weld is defective.

Abstract: (a) Cycle provided with a speedometer.(b) Cycle characterized in that it comprises a clamp provided with an opening for its fixing on the axle of the wheel hub.

Abstract: A plurality of fine leak test chambers for fast individual testing of herically plated microelectronic devices. Each microcircuit component, having already been subjected to a controlled environment of 5 percent helium and 95 percent nitrogen and then assembled, is placed in the chambers and sealed therein. The chambers are evacuated and helium flow rate (if present) is measured by a spectrometer.

Abstract: A pneumatic gross leak detector for testing micro-electronic packages. The pparatus includes a frame having a vertically movable upper section and a stationary lower section. A chamber is provided with walls which are secured to the upper section for movement therewith. The chamber includes upper, lower and intermediate portions disposed in communication. A test chamber base is secured to the lower stationary section to receive the microelectronic package therein. A first piston is provided in the upper chamber portion for moving the upper frame section downwardly for sealing engagement for the lower chamber portion with the test chamber base. A second piston is provided for compressing air in the lower chamber portion to a predetermined value. A readout device communicates into the test chamber to indicate if compressed air in the lower chamber leaks into the micro-electronic package.

Abstract: A cap inspection apparatus has an inspection stand and sorter for sorting defectively capped bottles from properly capped bottles. The inspection stand has a nozzle with a rearward flat bottom surface and a front inclined bottom surface inclined upwardly from the rear bottom surface. An air passage extends through the rear bottom surface. A low pressure air stream is operably connected to the air passage and passes through the nozzle. A pressure sensitive switch means is operably connected to the low pressure air stream. A solenoid valve is operably attached to the pressure sensitive switch means and controls a high pressure air stream operably connected to an air operated cylinder and rod. An ejection block is mounted at the end of the extendible rod for pushing defectively capped bottles.

Abstract: Hermetically sealed electrochemical cells are checked for electrolyte leakage by immersing the completed cell in a liquid medium such as chemically pure deionized water and monitoring the medium for electrical and/or chemical changes that would be caused therein if the electrolyte were leaking from the cell. Such changes could be determined by measuring the electrical conductivity of the liquid medium, the ion concentration, or the pH.

Abstract: A gas-tight chamber has positioned therein a material to be tested such that first and second opposite sides of the material are isolated from each other within the chamber. An enclosed reference circuit includes a first portion of the interior of the chamber which is on the first side of the material. A reference gas is continuously circulated through the reference circuit at the same pressure as the gas or vapor which exists in a second portion of the chamber which is on the second side of the material. This gas or vapor will permeate through the material, from the second side to the first side thereof, into the reference gas within the reference circuit as a function of the permeability of the material. A carrier circuit includes a gas chromatography detection apparatus, and a carrier gas of the same type of gas as the reference gas is continuously passed through the carrier circuit at a pressure higher than the pressure of the reference gas.

Abstract: Apparatus for testing pressurized sealed containers for leakage including a fluid filled tank for receiving the container to be tested. The tank is comprised of a transparent side wall, a bottom wall and a top wall. Means are provided for piercing the container to be tested. Means are further provided for attachment to the piercing means for providing communication between the interior of the container and a source of pressure fluid operable to pressurize the container being tested only when the top wall of the tank is in a closed position.

Abstract: A novel process and apparatus are disclosed which permit an air-stream interface to be maintained in a continuous vulcanization cable production process in order to enable accurate optical measurements of the cable to be taken at all times. Specifically, a baffle assembly is provided in conjunction with a high pressure, high temperature steam supply and a high pressure air supply to maintain a clear air region in a steam vulcanization chamber. The baffle assembly together with interconnected air and steam supply lines and an exhaust line provides a flow pattern which permits an optical window within the clear air region to be maintained in a clear and unobstructed state so that optical measurements can be continuously conducted while the vulcanization process is in operation.