Abstract: An environmental building sensor, the environmental building sensor including a sensing device configured to measure an environmental condition of a building, an output connection between one or more circuits of the environmental building sensor and an external device, the output connection connected to an input impedance of the external device, and one or more circuits. The one or more circuits are configured to detect a feedback voltage, the feedback voltage based on the input impedance, determine, based on the feedback voltage, whether the external device is configured to receive an analog current input or an analog voltage input from the environmental building sensor, and generate the analog current input or the analog voltage input based on the environmental condition measured by the sensing device and provide the analog current input or the analog voltage input to the external device via the output connection.

Abstract: The present invention provides a device for collecting liquid and a smart toilet comprising the same. The device comprises a fixing support, a swinging mechanism, a suction tube assembly and a pump body mechanism; the suction tube assembly (9) comprises a slide rail component and a retractable suction tube component disposed therein, one end of the slide rail component is connected to the swinging mechanism; the suction tube component comprises a suction tube internally provided with a cavity and an opening disposed above the cavity, and a first conduit disposed in the suction tube one end of the first conduit is inserted in the cavity, the other end of the first conduit is connected to the pump body mechanism. The fixing support is fixedly connected to the toilet body; the suction tube component swings towards the center of the toilet under the effect of the swinging mechanism, the suction tube component is used for receiving the urine.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a solid-state imaging element, a sensor apparatus, and an electronic device capable of achieving better characteristics. A transistor constituting a pixel includes: a gate electrode having at least two fin portions formed so as to be buried from a planar portion planarly formed on a surface of a semiconductor substrate toward an inside of the semiconductor substrate; and a channel portion provided across a source and a drain so as to be in contact with side surfaces of the fin portions via an insulating film. In addition, a width of the channel portion is formed to be narrower than a depth of the fin portion. The present technology is applicable to a CMOS image sensor, for example.

Abstract: A sensor assembly has a substrate with a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, at least one analyte sensor positioned on at least one of the first surface and the second surface of the substrate, and at least one electrical contact positioned on the substrate in electrical communication with a corresponding one of the at least one analyte sensor. The substrate is configured to define a tube having an interior surface, and an exterior surface. At least a portion of the first surface of the substrate defines the interior surface of the tube, and the at least one analyte sensor is disposed on at least one of the interior surface and the exterior surface of the tube.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a solid-state imaging element, a sensor apparatus, and an electronic device capable of achieving better characteristics. A transistor constituting a pixel includes: a gate electrode having at least two fin portions formed so as to be buried from a planar portion planarly formed on a surface of a semiconductor substrate toward an inside of the semiconductor substrate; and a channel portion provided across a source and a drain so as to be in contact with side surfaces of the fin portions via an insulating film. In addition, a width of the channel portion is formed to be narrower than a depth of the fin portion. The present technology is applicable to a CMOS image sensor, for example.

Abstract: Provided are a method of fabricating a 3-dimensional transistor sensor and the sensor and a sensor array thereof. The method of fabricating the 3-dimensional transistor sensor includes forming an insulating layer on a silicon substrate, forming a silicon layer on the insulating layer and forming a 3-dimensional silicon fin by etching the silicon layer, forming a source area and a source electrode at one end of the silicon fin, forming a drain area and a drain electrode at the other end the silicon fin, and forming a gate area at a center of the silicon fin, surrounding three surfaces of a gate with a gate insulating layer, forming a sensing gate layer configured to surround a portion of the gate insulating layer, and sealing an upper portion of the gate insulating layer excluding the sensing gate layer.

Abstract: A water quality sensor includes a housing including a light transmissive bucket mounted in an electrical washing appliance and a light transmissive inner barrel mounted in the bucket, an actuation module mounted in the inner barrel for detecting a water quality of a washing solution in the electrical washing appliance. Thus, if the bucket is cracked during manufacturing or due to a collision, the contact actuation module can still be well protected by the inner barrel, so that the washing solution in the electrical washing machine does not directly flow into contact with the actuation module to cause an accidental short circuit of the circuit substrate of the actuation module, improving the water resistance and service life of the water quality sensor.

Abstract: A measurement device for measuring water concentration in an oil water mixture has a transmitter that is used to transmit a designated spectrum of microwave frequencies to a transmitting antenna and then through the oil water mixture. A separate receiving antenna is used to detect the amplitude of each frequency of the transmitted spectrum after it has interacted with the oil water mixture. The detected signal from each microwave frequency that has interacted with the fluid mixture is digitized and sent to a processing unit. The processing unit receives the digitized frequencies and identifies the microwave frequency having the lowest amplitude, or amplitudinal nadir. The microwave frequency having the lowest amplitude is then used to calculate the percentage of water in the oil water mixture.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide an integrated circuit system including a first active layer fabricated on a front side of a semiconductor die and a second pre-fabricated layer on a back side of the semiconductor die and having electrical components embodied therein, wherein the electrical components include at least one discrete passive component. The integrated circuit system also includes at least one electrical path coupling the first active layer and the second pre-fabricated layer.

Abstract: A system for sensing a fluid. The system including a fixed object; a first transducer generating a first sound wave in a horizontal direction and to detect a first echo of the first sound wave from the fixed object; a second transducer generating a second sound wave in a vertical direction; a temperature sensor detecting a temperature of the fluid; and a controller. The controller configured to produce a first signal to drive the first transducer to produce the first sound wave, produce a second signal to drive the second transducer to produce the second sound wave, receive a first indication of the detected first echo, receive a second indication of the detected second echo, receive a temperature indication, determine a quality of the fluid based on the first indication and the temperature indication, and determine a quantity of the fluid based on the second indication.

Abstract: A sensor assembly has a substrate with a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, at least one analyte sensor positioned on at least one of the first surface and the second surface of the substrate, and at least one electrical contact positioned on the substrate in electrical communication with a corresponding one of the at least one analyte sensor. The substrate is configured to define a tube having an interior surface, and an exterior surface. At least a portion of the first surface of the substrate defines the interior surface of the tube, and the at least one analyte sensor is disposed on at least one of the interior surface and the exterior surface of the tube.

Abstract: An alcohol detector for detecting high concentrations of alcohol in a fuel tank and for providing evidence that the alcohol was present even after it has been removed. In one aspect, the alcohol detector includes a cathode and an anode of different materials and spaced from one another. The anode experiences galvanic corrosion at a faster rate when exposed to high concentrations of alcohol than it does when exposed to unleaded gasoline. Thus, the amount of corrosion present on the anode provides evidence of the past presence of an improper fuel in the fuel tank. In another aspect, the alcohol detector is a dye printed on a fuel pump. The dye visually changes color intensity in the presence of high concentrations of alcohol to provide evidence of the past presence of alcohol.

Abstract: Disclosed are an apparatus for measuring outer water quality in a remote place, which is fixedly provided at a specific region having a water source so that a position of a water quality sensor is controlled in a remote place based on a real-time moving picture transmitted from a measurement area and the water quality sensor is inserted into water, thereby measuring water quality, and a method thereof. A horizontal position of a sensor holder is determined by adjusting a horizontal length variable rod in a remote place, a sensing part of at least one water quality sensor provided in the sensor holder is inserted into water by adjusting a first vertical length variable rod and a second vertical length variable rod in the remote place, a measurement value measured from the water quality sensor is transmitted to a terminal in the remote place, and the measurement value is displayed.

Abstract: A sensor may comprise a first tubular electrode and a second electrode. The second electrode may be disposed within the first electrode so as to face an inner circumferential surface of the first electrode. A slit may be formed on one of or both of the first and second electrodes so as to communicate between an inside and an outside of the electrode on which the slit is formed over an entire length of a range where the electrode on which the slit is formed faces the other electrode in an axial direction of the first electrode.

Abstract: Devices and methods for the measurement and control of fluid using one or two capacitors are described. The devices use Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems (MEMS) and radio-frequency inductive coupling to sense the properties of a fluid in a tube. The single and double capacitor devices may be coupled to shunts implantable in a patient and operable to be interrogated non-invasively. The shunts employing the novel capacitor devices are insensitive to stray signals such as the orientation of a patient's head. The devices are operable to employ a wireless external spectrometer to measure passive subcutaneous components.

Abstract: A sensor for detecting material to be tested 100 having small variations in electrochemical measurement values includes a work electrode 1 and a counter electrode 2 integrated into one via an insulator 3. As a result of contact between the material to be tested and the work electrode 1, output voltage changes. The work electrode 1 smaller than the counter electrode 2 and the insulator 3 is installed on a part of the surface of the insulator 3, and a peripheral wall 4 for surrounding the work electrode 1 is formed on the insulator 3 to operate as a storage part.

Abstract: A sensor device for analyzing fluidic samples is provided. The sensor device includes a stacked sensing arrangement having at least three sensing layers and a multilayer structure. The multilayer structure has a hole formed therein which is adapted to let pass the fluidic sample and the stacked sensing arrangement is formed in the multilayer structure in such a way that the fluidic sample passes the stacked sensing arrangement when the fluidic sample passes the hole.

Abstract: Disclosed is an apparatus that is used for detecting liquids or substances from liquids and includes a plunger that has a porous plunger layer which is pressed onto a sensor array. Each sensor of the sensor array is surrounded by elevations which spatially separate the sensors from each other like walls. In at least one embodiment, when the plunger layer is pressed onto the sensor array, the walls are pressed into the pores of the plunger layer. Liquid-tight connections are created between the walls and the plunger layer while liquid remains over the sensors. The liquid can be measured. In at least one embodiment, when there is direct mechanical contact between the plunger layer and the sensors, the liquid over the sensors is located in open pores on the surface of the plunger layer. No liquid flows between the pores and across the walls when pressure is applied to the plunger layer such that closed reaction chambers are created.

Abstract: This chip for measuring number of microbe comprises a chip main body (15A) in the form of a long plate, a measuring electrode (16) that is provided on a first end side in the longitudinal direction of the surface of the chip main body (15A) and that is immersed in a measurement liquid, and a connecting electrode (17) that is connected to the measuring electrode (16) and is provided on a second end side in the longitudinal direction of the surface of the chip main body (15A). Ground electrodes (37A and 37B) are provided on the second end side in the longitudinal direction of the surface of the chip main body (15A). Conductive patterns (34A, 34B and 34C) that are provided to the outer peripheral portion of the measuring electrode (16) are connected to the ground electrodes (37A and 37B).

Abstract: A system for determining a quality and/or depth of a fluid in a tank. The system includes a controller, one or more transducers, and a temperature sensor. A fixed distance transducer transmits a sound wave toward a fixed surface. A depth transducer transmits a sound wave which reflects off a surface of the fluid. The temperature sensor senses a temperature of the fluid in the tank and provides an indication of the temperature to the controller. The controller measures the elapsed time for the sound waves to travel between the fixed distance transducer and a fixed surface and the elapsed time for the sound waves to travel between the depth transducer and the surface of the fluid held within the container. Using the elapsed times and the temperature of the fluid, the controller is able to determine a quality and the depth of the fluid.

Abstract: For measuring a quantity of water on oil and oil products, a hollow coaxial resonator unit is provided, through which oil or oil product is supplied to pass through, an electrical measuring bridge composed of electrical resistances is arranged so that the resonator is connected with the electrical measuring bridge; changes in a frequency characteristic of the resonator are measured when oil or oil product passes through it, and a quantity of water in the oil or oil product is determined based on the measured changes in the frequency characteristic of the resonator.

Abstract: A measurement device for measuring water concentration in an oil water mixture has a transmitter that is used to transmit a designated spectrum of microwave frequencies to a transmitting antenna and then through the oil water mixture. A separate receiving antenna is used to detect the amplitude of each frequency of the transmitted spectrum after it has interacted with the oil water mixture. The detected signal from each microwave frequency that has interacted with the fluid mixture is digitized and sent to a processing unit. The processing unit receives the digitized frequencies and identifies the microwave frequency having the lowest amplitude, or amplitudinal nadir. The microwave frequency having the lowest amplitude is then used to calculate the percentage of water in the oil water mixture.

Abstract: A sensor includes a resonant transducer, the resonant transducer being configured to determine the composition of an emulsion. The composition of the emulsion is determined by measuring the complex impedance spectrum values of the mixture of the emulsion and applying multivariate data analysis to the values.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for down hole gas separation from the multiphase fluid flowing in a wellbore or a pipe, for determining the quantities of the individual components of the liquid and the flow rate of the liquid, and for remixing the component parts of the fluid after which the gas volume may be measured, without affecting the flow stream, are described. Acoustic radiation force is employed to separate gas from the liquid, thereby permitting measurements to be separately made for these two components; the liquid (oil/water) composition is determined from ultrasonic resonances; and the gas volume is determined from capacitance measurements. Since the fluid flows around and through the component parts of the apparatus, there is little pressure difference, and no protection is required from high pressure differentials.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide an integrated circuit system including a first active layer fabricated on a front side of a semiconductor die and a second pre-fabricated layer on a back side of the semiconductor die and having electrical components embodied therein, wherein the electrical components include at least one discrete passive component. The integrated circuit system also includes at least one electrical path coupling the first active layer and the second pre-fabricated layer.

Abstract: A self-propelled apparatus for analyzing a component contained in a fluid medium. The self-propelled apparatus uses kinetic energy of the apparatus to drive a fluid under analysis through the apparatus. This is accomplished by use of a conveyance system that is attached to the analytical system of the apparatus. A sensor system is used to analyze the component collected within the confines of an analysis chamber, a part of the analysis system. The invention also includes a method of using the analytical apparatus.

Abstract: The claimed invention is directed to a fmFET biosensor with improved sensitivity and selectivity. Embodiments of the invention are also directed to finFET biosensor arrays, methods for operating fmFET biosensors with improved sensitivity and selectivity, and methods of operating finFET biosensor arrays.

Abstract: An automotive urea solution monitoring device is deployed in conjunction with the urea tank of a selective catalytic reduction vehicle. An RF signal of a constant frequency may be generated across a resonant circuit, which may be comprised of an inductor and a PCB trace capacitor, or the like. Electromagnetic radiation is propagated into the automotive urea solution in the urea tank. The conductivity and dielectric properties of the liquid change the impedance of the discrete/trace capacitor and or the discrete/trace inductor. These changes are proportional to ammonia content, temperature, and/or level of the automotive urea solution in the urea tank and are preferably detected by a microcontroller, or the like, and then transmitted to a selective catalytic reduction vehicle engine management system, or the like.

Abstract: A submersible, self-propelled apparatus for analyzing a component contained in a liquid medium. The submersible, self-propelled apparatus uses kinetic energy of the apparatus to drive a liquid under analysis through the apparatus. This is accomplished by use of a conveyance system that is attached to the analytical system of the apparatus. A sensor system is used to analyze the component collected within the confines of an analysis chamber, a part of the analysis system. The invention also includes a method of using the analytical apparatus.

Abstract: A measurement device is for use with a current-type sensor unit, which, when applied with a driving voltage, is capable of reacting with a target substance for generating a sensor current that corresponds to a concentration level of the target substance, and includes: a driving unit operable to generate the driving voltage that includes alternating current (AC) and direct current (DC) components; and a processing unit for receiving the sensor current from the current-type sensor unit, and operable to determine the concentration level of the target substance according to a peak-to-peak value of the sensor current received by the processing unit.

Abstract: An apparatus (100) for measuring quality of a urea solution is operated with at least a portion of the apparatus inserted into the urea solution. The apparatus (100) includes a configuration of sensors (180, 190, 200) for measuring mechanical and electrical properties within a volume of the urea solution, the measurements of mechanical and electrical properties being mutually differently influenced by components present in the urea solution. A data processing arrangement (230) of the apparatus (100) is operable to process the measurements of mechanical and electrical properties for generating output data (120) indicative of a quality of the urea solution. The apparatus (100) is also capable of being adapted to measure qualities of other types of solution.

Abstract: A method and an automated system for discriminating bulk liquid from foam and/or residuals of the bulk liquid of a sample contained in a sample vessel are presented. A probe having an electric capacitance is provided and moved into the sample. Consecutive steps of charging and at least partially discharging the probe to generate a discharging current is repeatedly performed. A quantity indicative of the discharging current for the consecutive steps of charging and at least partially discharging the probe is measured. The quantity is analyzed to determine an electric resistance (Rmess) of the sample via the probe. The bulk liquid is discriminated from the foam and/or the residuals of the bulk liquid based on a change of the electric resistance (Rmess) of the sample occurring when the probe contacts the bulk liquid.

Abstract: Method and device according to the method for determining intracellular and/or extracellular, in particular macromolecular fractions of fluids, preferably of body fluids of living organisms, with the steps: coupling-in a measurement signal through an electrically non-conductive wall into the fluid to be measured; coupling-out an electrical measurement value that is thereby generated in the fluid to be measured; detecting the coupled-out electrical measurement value at a plurality of different frequencies of the electrical measurement signal; determining the intracellular and/or extracellular, in particular macromolecular fractions of the fluid to be measured by means of evaluation of the detected electrical measurement value at a plurality of frequencies of the measurement signal.

Abstract: A device for determining a composition of a fuel mixture is provided, in particular for determining an ethanol component and/or a water component in the fuel mixture. The device includes at least one housing having at least one electrically conductive housing element through which the fuel mixture is able to flow. At least one internal conductor, which is at least partially enclosed by the housing element, is introduced into the housing element. In addition, the device has at least one connection device for the coupling of microwave signals.

Abstract: A sample measurement device (110), in which a biosensor (30) having an electrode is mounted, voltage is applied to the electrode, and the concentration of a specific component in a sample deposited on the biosensor (30) is measured, comprises a voltage source (19) configured to apply voltage to the electrode, a time measurement component (22), and a controller (18) configured to control the voltage to be applied and measure the concentration of the specific component. The time measurement component (22) measures a detection time, which is the length of time between the mounting of the biosensor (30) and the deposition of a sample on the biosensor (30). The controller (18) changes a set value for measuring the concentration of a specific component according to the detection time. Consequently, measurement accuracy can be improved regardless of the temperature of the biosensor (30).

Abstract: An analytical test strip (“ATS”) and test meter (“TM”) combination for use in the determination of an analyte in a bodily fluid sample includes an ATS and a TM, and a method for determination therewith. The ATS has an electrode, a first electrical contact pad in electrical communication with the electrode and configured to communicate its electrical response to the TM; a second electrical contact pad in electrical communication with the electrode and configured to communicate its electrical response to the TM should the TM be in electrical communication with the second electrical contact pad and a third electrical contact pad. The second electrical contact pad has electrical continuity with the first electrical contact pad and the first and second electrical contact pads are integrated as a unified electrical contact pad and disposed in either of first and second predetermined spatial relationships with respect to the third electrical contact pad.

Abstract: Scale formation on the electrode(s) of a liquor sensor can be prevented by continuously delivering a water-soluble scale inhibitor or dispersant into the vicinity of the electrodes of a liquor sensor device. Scale inhibitors include, for instance, polymers that are derived from acrylic acid, maleic acid, acrylamide acid, phosphonate, and combinations thereof. An aqueous mixture of scaling inhibitor continuously delivered to the probe tip of the liquor sensor that was placed in a kraft pulping liquor allowed the sensor to operate accurately for over a month without having to be cleaned of scale.

Abstract: The present invention provides fluidic devices and systems that allow detection of analytes from a biological fluid. The methods and devices are particularly useful for providing point-of-care testing for a variety of medical applications.

Abstract: A system for detecting a hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) concentration in a cold aseptic filling system that uses a peracetic acid (PAA)-based cleaning solution is shown and described. The system includes a conductivity sensor configured to receive the PAA-based cleaning solution and to provide a signal representative of the electrical conductivity of the PAA-based cleaning solution. The system further includes a controller configured to receive the signal representative of the electrical conductivity of the PAA-based cleaning solution and to compare the signal to a threshold value associated with a setpoint H2O2 concentration.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for sensing levels of insoluble fluids within a storage vessel utilizing an array of main capacitive sensors having differing geometries. The array of main capacitive sensors gives the ability to measure the levels of insoluble liquids in a vessel. Each of the main capacitive sensors include at least one pair of conductive plates capable of submersion in the at least three insoluble fluids, and the geometries of the pair of conductive plates differ and are distinct, such as in distance or in width, in each of the main capacitive sensors. In addition, the apparatus and method may include at least one reference sensor placed intermittently along the height of the vessel to provide input as to the permittivities of the insoluble fluids.

Abstract: The invention described herein, is a design that allows the amount of any liquid which is to be filtered, to be monitored while submerged yet remain contactless to the liquid in its measurement to indicate how much liquid has passed through the filter inside the jug/container or cartridge. It can indicate when a filter used in the container/jug holding the liquid has expired or can indicate how much liquid has been through the filter so the user can decide when it requires replacing. The status indication is displayed by using a motion sensor to give a user interaction display based on movement rather than direct contact of user. Currently all water utilize external indicators located on the jugs to monitor the usage of the filter.

Abstract: A system is provided herein by which underwater characteristics may be easily checked for evaluation. The system may be configured to include: a housing; an arrangement for detecting a characteristic of the water disposed in or on the housing; a buoy; an arrangement for transmitting data disposed in the buoy; an anchor for tethering the housing to a bottom of a body of water; an arrangement for transmitting data collected by the detecting arrangement to the arrangement for transmitting data disposed in the buoy; and, a second anchor for tethering the buoy to the housing. Advantageously, with the subject invention, the level of clarity of water, and/or other water characteristics, may be detected and transmitted to a remote location so as to be accessible over a network of computers, such as the Internet.

Abstract: An assay module for an electrochemical test device, said assay module comprising: at least one channel for transporting a liquid to be tested from a deposition zone, where a sample of said liquid to be tested can be deposited, to a testing zone, the testing zone being spaced apart from said deposition zone; and electrodes for measuring an electrical property of liquid in said testing zone, an electrochemical test device comprising such an assay module and a method of testing a liquid sample using such an electrochemical test device.

Abstract: Described herein are devices, systems, and methods for determining the composition of liquids, including the identity of one or more drugs in the liquid, the concentration of the drug, and the type of diluent using immittance spectroscopy. These devices, systems and methods are particularly useful for describing the identity and, in some variations, concentration of one or more components of a medical liquid such as intravenous fluid. In particular, described herein are devices, systems and methods that may operate in low ionic strength diluents. Also described are methods of recognizing complex immittance spectrograph patterns to determine the composition of a liquid by pattern recognition.

Abstract: A sensor device for analyzing fluidic samples is provided, wherein the sensor device comprises a stacked sensing arrangement comprising at least three sensing layers and a multilayer structure, wherein the multilayer structure has a hole formed therein which is adapted to let pass the fluidic sample and wherein the stacked sensing arrangement is formed in the multilayer structure in such a way that the fluidic sample passes the stacked sensing arrangement when the fluidic sample passes the hole.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus relating to very large scale FET arrays for analyte measurements. ChemFET (e.g., ISFET) arrays may be fabricated using conventional CMOS processing techniques based on improved FET pixel and array designs that increase measurement sensitivity and accuracy, and at the same time facilitate significantly small pixel sizes and dense arrays. Improved array control techniques provide for rapid data acquisition from large and dense arrays. Such arrays may be employed to detect a presence and/or concentration changes of various analyte types in a wide variety of chemical and/or biological processes. In one example, chemFET arrays facilitate DNA sequencing techniques based on monitoring changes in hydrogen ion concentration (pH), changes in other analyte concentration, and/or binding events associated with chemical processes relating to DNA synthesis.

Abstract: An amperometric electrochemical sensor with a fixed potential used in a probe for measuring the content of an oxidation reduction substance dissolved in a liquid, in particular the chlorine content. The sensor (1) includes an insulating substrate (2), a set of electrodes consisting of a working electrode (3), an auxiliary electrode (4) and a reference electrode, at least one of the working electrode (3) and auxiliary electrode (4) being configured on the insulating substrate (2). At least one of the working electrode (3) and auxiliary electrode (4) is covered with an insulating layer (8), the insulating layer (8) including at least one opening exposing at least one of the working electrode (3) and auxiliary electrode (4).

Abstract: A method for determining the water conductivity and water volume fraction of a multi-component mixture of water and at least one additional liquid or gas in a pipe, the method comprising the following steps: a. electromagnetic phase measurements at least two measurement frequencies are performed between two receiving antennas located at different distances from a sending antenna, b. based on empirically determined constant(s) and the above measurements, the real and imaginary dielectric constants are determined, c. the temperature and pressure are determined d. based on the knowledge of the real and imaginary dielectric constants of the components of the fluid mixture and the result from the above steps a-c, the conductivity of the water and/or the volume fraction of water are determined. An apparatus for performing the method is also disclosed.

Abstract: Techniques for identifying a portion of a molecule are described herein. In one example, multiple electrical measurements associated with a molecule are acquired, wherein each of the multiple electrical measurements corresponds to a discrete position of the molecule within a nanopore. The multiple electrical measurements are correlated with one or more sequences of electrical measurements corresponding to a possible structure of the molecule. The portion of molecule is determined to include the possible structure of the molecule based on the correlation.

Abstract: A novel micro-optical electric field sensor exploits morphology-dependent shifts of the optical modes of dielectric cavities to measure temporally- and spatially-resolved of electric field with extremely high sensitivity. The measurement principle is based on the electrostriction effect on the optical modes of dielectric micro-resonators (or micro-cavities) and exploits recent developments in optical fiber and switching technologies. The optical modes are commonly referred to as “whispering gallery modes” (WGM) or “morphology dependent resonances” (MDR). By monitoring the WGM shifts, the electric field causing the electrostriction effect can be determined. Different sensitivities and measurement ranges (maximum measured electric field) can be obtained by using different cavity geometries (for example solid or hollow spheres), polymeric materials (PMMA, PDMS, etc) as well as poling the dielectric material.