Abstract: An embodiment provides a method for measuring total chlorine in a solution, including: preparing a thiocarbamate indicator; introducing the thiocarbamate indicator to a solution, wherein the solution contains an amount of monochloramine; adding an additive to the solution, wherein the additive accelerates the reaction rate between the thiocarbamate indicator and monochloramine and causes a change in fluorescence of the solution; and measuring the amount of monochloramine in the solution by measuring an intensity of the fluorescence. Other aspects are described and claimed.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to systems and methods for measuring oil/water content in oil-water mixtures, regardless of the salinity of the mixture and regardless of air in the sensor pipe. In some embodiments, the oil content is measured using a dielectric sensor. It is determined whether the oil content is above or below a threshold. If the oil content is above the threshold, the oil content is reported using the measurement from the dielectric sensor. If the oil content is below the threshold, the oil content is reported using the measurement from the eddy current sensor. In some embodiments, which improve performance when there is air in the sensor pipe, two dielectric sensors with different geometries are used instead of the one dielectric sensor.

Abstract: A method for monitoring fuel quality of a power system used in transport is provided. The method includes a controller of the power system determining that the prime mover is actively running. The method also includes the controller monitoring an output of a water-in-fuel (WIF) sensor configured to measure an amount of water accumulated in a water collection reservoir of a fuel/water separator that separates water from fuel passing there through. Also, the method includes the controller determining an amount of fuel passing through the fuel/water separator. Further, the method includes the controller calculating a fuel quality score of the fuel based on the output of the WIF sensor and the amount of fuel having passed through the fuel/water separator. The method further includes the controller triggering different alerts based on the calculated fuel quality score.

Abstract: Systems and methods are described to concentrate and homogenize a remote sample for analysis. A sample concentration and homogenization system embodiment includes, but is not limited to, at least a first valve, at least a first column fluidically coupled to the first valve, a flow meter fluidically coupled with the first column when the first valve is in a first flow path configuration to measure an amount of the liquid sample passed through the first column, and a homogenization valve including a sample homogenizing loop in which the concentrated sample is homogenized.

Abstract: Membranes permeable to an analyte may overlay the active sensing region of a sensor to limit the analyte flux and improve the response linearity of the sensor. Temperature variation of the analyte permeability can be problematic in some instances. Polymeric membrane compositions having limited variation in analyte permeability as a function of temperature may comprise: a polymer backbone comprising one or more side chains that comprise a heterocycle; and an amine-free polyether arm appended, via an alkyl spacer or a hydroxy-functionalized alkyl spacer, to the heterocycle of at least a portion of the one or more side chains.

Abstract: An embodiment provides a method for measuring total chlorine in a solution, including: preparing a thiocarbamate indicator; introducing the thiocarbamate indicator to a solution, wherein the solution contains an amount of monochloramine; adding an additive to the solution, wherein the additive accelerates the reaction rate between the thiocarbamate indicator and monochloramine and causes a change in fluorescence of the solution; and measuring the amount of monochloramine in the solution by measuring an intensity of the fluorescence. Other aspects are described and claimed.

Abstract: Provided is a method of desalting crude oil capable of effectively removing metal impurities in the crude oil and a rag layer which is formed in a crude oil desalting process.

Abstract: A diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) control system includes: a target module configured to determine a target rate of injection of a DEF by a DEF injector; an adjustment module configured to determine an adjustment based on a concentration of urea in the DEF; an adjusting module configured to adjust the target rate based on the adjustment to produce an adjusted rate of injection of the DEF by the DEF injector; and an injector control module configured to control injection of the DEF by the DEF injector based on the adjusted rate.

Abstract: A diffusion system to improve the efficiency, accuracy, and consistency of testing the release rate of an active ingredient in semisolid form through a membrane in between a dosage lid and a cell cap mounted on a cell in which a mixer is placed to mix the receptor medium in the cell as the semisolid diffuses through the membrane. The cell can be placed in a heating system to heat the samples. The cell has a sampling arm through which samples of the receptor medium can be extracted without opening the cell cap and dosage lid. The mixer may be cylindrical and may occupy a large surface area of the cell. The mixer may have grooves and other irregularities to increase turbulence while mixing. The system can be automated using an automated sampling and collection station.

Abstract: A technique facilitates evaluation of a fluid, such as a fluid produced from a well. The technique utilizes a modular and mobile system for testing flows of fluid which may comprise mixtures of constituents, and for sampling fluids thereof. The multiphase sampling method includes flowing a multiphase fluid comprising an oil phase and a water phase through a first conduit, the oil phase and water phase at least partially separating in the first conduit, mixing together the oil phase and water phase to form a mixed bulk liquid phase by flowing the multiphase fluid through a flow mixer toward a second conduit downstream the flow mixer, sampling a portion of the mixed bulk liquid phase at location at or within the second conduit, wherein the sampled portion of the mixed bulk liquid phase has a water-to-liquid ratio (WLR) representative of the pre-mixed oil phase and water phase.

Abstract: An apparatus detects a material within a sample using signal generation circuitry that generates an orbital angular momentum (OAM) twisted light beam having at least one orbital angular momentum applied thereto. The signal generation circuitry applies the at least one OAM twisted light beam to the sample. The OAM twisted light beam includes at least one fractional OAM state, at least one intensity signature and at least one phase signature unique to the material within the sample. A detector receives the OAM twisted light beam after the OAM twisted light beam passes through the sample and detects the material responsive to a presence of a unique combination of the at least one fractional OAM state, the at least one intensity signature and the at least one phase signature.

Abstract: An apparatus for detecting a presence of a predetermined material within a sample uses signal generation circuitry for generating a first signal having a first distinct signature including a first eccentricity of a mode intensity, a first shift in a center of the mode intensity and a first rotation of an ellipsoidal intensity output of the mode intensity and applying the first signal to the sample. A detector receives the first signal after the first signal passes through the sample and detects a second distinct signature including a second eccentricity of the mode intensity, a second shift in the center of the mode intensity and a second rotation of the ellipsoidal intensity output of the mode intensity. The detector also determines the presence of the predetermined material within the sample based on the detected second distinct signature within the first signal received from the sample and provides an output of an indication of the presence of the predetermined material responsive to the determination.

Abstract: The invention provides a test bench for characterizing a flow of a two-phase fluid, the test bench comprising a fluid tank, a first pump suitable for taking fluid from the tank and for feeding first and second lines connected in parallel, each line being provided in succession, from upstream to downstream in the flow direction of the fluid, with: injection means for injecting air into the fluid; measurement means suitable for providing information about the proportion of the vapor phase relative to the liquid phase of the fluid; and a second pump or a Venturi.

Abstract: A system for measuring a property of a sample in a liquid which includes a test strip and a meter is provided. Some embodiments relate to a diagnostic test strip for collecting a sample, the strip having a plurality of electrodes for measuring a property of the sample, and the strip having a control circuit at a distal region of the strip, the control circuit configured to communicate with a controller of a meter, the control circuit including an embedded temperature sensor, a memory for lot coding and authentication of the test strip, and an inhibit logic for inhibiting the test from being used more than once; and a diagnostic meter for receiving the test strip, the meter having a controller programmed to communicate with the control circuit.

Abstract: A mobile sample collection system including housing enclosing a main influent peristaltic pump operatively connected to a main tubing line; a continuous flow centrifuge (CFC) operatively connected to the main tubing line, the CFC comprising a centrifuge bowl; and an elutriate collection tank receiving elutriate from the CFC. The main influent peristaltic pump is configured to continuously pump fluids from a liquid source through the main tubing line and into the CFC. The fluids, containing suspended solids and dissolved solids, are processed through the CFC so that the suspended solids are retained on the centrifuge bowl and the dissolved solids are pumped out of the CFC through the main tubing line and into the elutriate collection tank for sample collection and analysis. The elutriate collection tank includes a tank liner configured to prevent direct contact of pumped fluids with the tank. Excess fluids are returned to the liquid source.

Abstract: Various methods and system are described for a fuel system which includes a fuel composition sensor and a fuel lift pump disposed upstream of the sensor. The system may be operated in each of three different modes of operation. In each of the modes, a fuel lift pump voltage is adjusted responsive to a fuel capacitance output by the sensor, while a variable such as sensor temperature or fuel pump pressure is maintained depending on the mode of operation.

Abstract: A method of determining the suitability of a surfactant for use in a formation can include sampling water in the formation, providing at least two surfactants, and mixing each of the surfactants with the formation water to form surfactant/water samples. The method can further include determining the solubility of each surfactant with the formation water, comparing the solubility of each surfactant with the other surfactant, and assigning a solubility performance value for each surfactant based on its solubility in the formation water sample compared to the other surfactant.

Abstract: A method and a device for determining a composition of a fuel mixture, in particular for determining the ethanol content and/or a water component in the fuel mixture. Fuel flows sequentially through spatially separated sensor elements. The sensor elements generate time-dependent output signals, which are unambiguously dependent on the ethanol content of the fuel mixture. A difference between the time-dependent output signals is ascertained and subjected to a plausibility check. A received plausibility-checked output signal is ascertained, having at least one item of information about the direction of change in the ethanol content of the fuel mixture.

Abstract: Methods and systems described herein include individual-use beverage containers including sensors and methods of their use. Beverage containers include: a vessel body configured to hold a beverage; and at least one sensor associated with the vessel body, the at least one sensor including a sensor configured to detect one or more substance in a fluid. Systems include: at least one beverage container including at least one sensor configured to detect one or more substance in fluid; and at least one external device including at least one port configured for communication with the at least one sensor. Methods include: detecting one or more substance within fluid with at least one sensor integral to a beverage container; and interfacing one or more of the at least one sensor with an external device.

Abstract: The invention is directed towards methods and apparatus for accurately detecting the presence and concentration of an oxidant in a turbid water sample. This method is very helpful in allowing accurate and efficient (not too much nor too little) amounts of microbe killing oxidants to be introduced to water supplies that require oxidants but which at present cannot be measured properly. The method comprises the steps of: passing the water through at least one filter array, passing the filtered water to an analyzer, and then returning from the analyzer a measurement of the concentration. The filter array comprises at least one filter constructed and arranged to remove turbidity inducing material but not oxidant from the water sample. The analyzer can be a commonly commercially available analyzer that currently cannot accurately measure the oxidant concentration if the water had not been so filtered.

Abstract: A system and method for quantitatively characterizing moisture content of an at least partially hydrophobic fluid sample. The method includes providing a dry solution of an aprotic solvent, adding at least a part of the fluid sample to the solvent to produce an extract-sample, performing infrared spectroscopic testing on the extract-sample to generate absorbance data representing at least one absorbance characteristic of the extracted sample, and generating moisture data for the sample based on the extracted sample data.

Abstract: A liquid sensor may comprise a first electrode, a second electrode disposed inside the first electrode, and a partition wall comprising a surface defining a storage space with a first opposing surface of the first electrode and a second opposing surface of the second electrode. One of the first electrode, the second electrode and the partition wall may comprise a first communication opening communicating an inside of the storage space and an outside of the storage space and disposed at an upper portion of the storage space. One of the first electrode, the second electrode and the partition wall may comprise a second communication opening communicating the inside of the storage space and the outside of the storage space and disposed lower than the first communication opening. An opening direction of the first communication opening may be different from an opening direction of the second communication opening.

Abstract: A method of testing for a trisaccharide in milk includes the step of providing a predetermined amount of milk. The method also includes the step of isolating a trisachharide of the milk with a hydride insertion reaction to identify the molecule as phosphorylated. Also included in the method is the step of obtaining a mass spectrum of the isolated milk trisaccharide sample. The method further includes the step of identifying a molecular structure of the isolated milk trisaccharide sample.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to the field of biomarkers. In particular, the present invention relates to biomarkers such as PC-O 44:4 that can be used, for example for detecting and/or quantifying visceral adiposity and/or changes in visceral adiposity. This biomarker may also be used to diagnosing the effect of a change in lifestyle on visceral adiposity in a subject.

Abstract: Using NMR/MS based metabonomics and targeted lipidomics approaches the inventors have explored the metabolic phenotypes of aging and longevity in a cohort compromising centenarians, elderly and young adults. The inventors have identified biomarkers for a reduced risk of developing ageing related chronic inflammatory disorders and propose a method of diagnosing a lifestyle that allows delaying and/or avoiding ageing related chronic inflammatory disorders using PC—O 40:1 as biomarker.

Abstract: An alcohol detector for detecting high concentrations of alcohol in a fuel tank and for providing evidence that the alcohol was present even after it has been removed. In one aspect, the alcohol detector includes a cathode and an anode of different materials and spaced from one another. The anode experiences galvanic corrosion at a faster rate when exposed to high concentrations of alcohol than it does when exposed to unleaded gasoline. Thus, the amount of corrosion present on the anode provides evidence of the past presence of an improper fuel in the fuel tank. In another aspect, the alcohol detector is a dye printed on a fuel pump. The dye visually changes color intensity in the presence of high concentrations of alcohol to provide evidence of the past presence of alcohol.

Abstract: The present invention has an object of improving the measurement accuracy in a biological information measurement device, e.g., for measuring a blood glucose level. The device is configured to be able to change at least one of i) a voltage value to be applied to the second input terminal and the third input terminal (i.e., the blood component measurement counter electrode 7 and the blood component measurement working electrode 6) in the second biological information measurement mode D and ii) a voltage application time during which a voltage is applied to the second input terminal and the third input terminal in the second biological information measurement mode D based on the first biological information in the first biological information measurement mode A. A hematocrit value is measured in the first biological information measurement mode A, and a glucose value is measured based on the hematocrit value in the second biological information measurement mode D.

Abstract: A method for removing a high definition nanostructure in a partly free-standing layer, the layer, a sensor comprising said layer, a use of said sensor, and a method of detecting a species, and optional further characteristics thereof, using said sensor. The sensor and method are suited for detecting single ions, molecules, low concentrations thereof, and identifying sequences of base pairs, e.g., in a DNA-strand.

Abstract: A method, comprising generating a water-in-fuel indication responsive to a water-in-fuel content increasing more than a threshold amount within a threshold time of a refueling event is presented.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for determining a viscosity of oil in a mixture are disclosed herein. An example method includes determining water fractions of a mixture flowing into a downhole tool and determining viscosities of the mixture. The mixture includes water and oil. The example method also includes determining a viscosity of the oil based on the water fractions and the viscosities.

Abstract: A sensor system that measures at least one parameter of water includes an electronics subsystem and includes a sensor housing electrically and mechanically coupled to the electronics subsystem. The sensor housing encloses a chamber that receives water via at least one inlet and that releases water via at least one outlet. At least one sensor has at least one electrode exposed to water in the chamber. A flow generator causes water to flow through the chamber. A plurality of objects within the chamber move in response to the water flow and abrasively clean the at least one electrode. Preferably, the sensor system includes a chlorine sensor having at least two electrodes. The electronics subsystem applies a first differential voltage between the two electrodes during a measurement interval and then applies a second differential voltage between the two electrodes during an interval following the measurement interval.

Abstract: A device for testing the amount of free fluid in a colloid comprises: a first container, wherein the first container has a central axis that spans the length of the first container, wherein the length of the first container is greater than the width and height of the first container, and wherein the central axis of the first container is oriented in a substantially horizontal position during the testing. Methods of using the device include: optically determining the height of free fluid in the container after the period of time has elapsed and using a formula to determine the volume of the free fluid; or removing a plug from a plug tube that is operationally connected to the container; and draining the free fluid from the container into a measurement device.

Abstract: A method of producing sterile water from raw water during a production cycle in a production plant P, including adding a disinfectant to the produced sterile water during the production cycle to permanently monitor the condition of the sterile water and/or the production plant, and determining and evaluating a reduction of concentration of the disinfectant directly in the production stream. In a production plant suited for carrying out the method, a sterile sensor is provided directly in the production stream through which the reduction of concentration of the disinfectant added to the produced sterile water can be permanently measured and evaluated to provide a sterility evidence.

Abstract: An underwater detection apparatus for detecting a presence of one or more bubbles within an aquatic environment includes a first structure including a lower peripheral edge for defining an area over which the apparatus is operable to collect the one or more bubbles, a second structure for spatially concentrating the one or more bubbles received within the area defined by the lower peripheral edge into a detection region, and a detection arrangement for detecting the one or more bubbles concentrated in operation by the bubble concentrating structure passing into the detection region and generating an output signal indicative of the one or more bubbles passing through the detection region. The apparatus is optionally mounted upon an aquatic remotely operated vehicle (ROV).

Abstract: Methods and systems to characterize a fluid in a reservoir to determine if the fluid is in one of equilibrium or non-equilibrium in terms of one of gravity, solvency power, entropy effect or some combination thereof. The method includes acquiring tool data at each depth for each fluid sample of at least two fluid samples wherein each fluid sample is at a different depth and communicating the tool data to a processor. Determining formation properties of each fluid sample to obtain formation property data and determining fluid properties for each fluid sample to obtain fluid property data. Selecting a mathematical model based on one of gravity, solvency power or entropy, in view of a fluid property, using one of tool data, formation property data, fluid property data, known fluid reservoir data or some combination thereof, to predict if the fluid is in an equilibrium distribution or a non-equilibrium distribution.

Abstract: Non-mercaptalbumin-2 is used as a biomarker for diagnosing a medical condition associated with oxidative stress. A method for diagnosing a condition associated with oxidative stress includes determining the redox state of albumin at the cysteine residue at sequence position 34; quantifying the level of non-mercaptalbumin-2 present, non-mercaptalbumin-2 representing the albumin fraction irreversibly oxidized at cysteine 34; and comparing the result to a control level, wherein an elevated level of non-mercaptalbumin-2 as compared to the control level is indicative of the condition associated with oxidative stress.

Abstract: Methods and systems described herein include beverage immersates and methods of their use. Systems include: at least one beverage immersate, wherein the at least one beverage immersate includes at least one sensor configured to detect at least one analyte in a fluid within a personal use beverage container; and at least one signal transmitter configured to transmit a signal responsive to the at least one beverage immersate. Methods include: detecting one or more analyte in fluid within a personal use beverage container with at least one sensor integral to at least one beverage immersate; and communicating data from the at least one beverage immersate to at least one device external to the beverage immersate.

Abstract: Provided is a novel assessment method for stroke and cerebral infarction (in particular, asymptomatic cerebral infarction) without any burden on a subject to be tested. It is newly found that the content of 3-HPMA, which is a metabolite of acrolein, in a urine specimen decreases in a stroke patient as compared to a healthy subject without history of stroke, irrespective of smoking habits and gender, which is quite different from the result expected from a conventional finding. Thus, an assessment method for stroke and/or cerebral infarction, including using 3-HPMA in a urine specimen as an indicator, is completed.

Abstract: A method of evaluating a gradient of a composition of materials in a petroleum reservoir, comprising sampling fluids from a well in the petroleum reservoir in a logging operation, measuring an amount of contamination in the sampled fluids, measuring the composition of the sampling fluids using a downhole fluid analysis, measuring an asphaltene content of the sampling fluids at different depths; and fitting the asphaltene content of the sampling fluids at the different depths to a simplified equation of state during the logging operation to determine the gradient of the composition of the materials in the petroleum reservoir.

Abstract: A method and apparatus is provided for concentration determination of at least one component in an acid catalyst for hydrocarbon conversion containing an unknown concentration of an acid, an acid-soluble-oil (ASO), and water. An instrument configured for measuring a property of the acid catalyst, has responsivities to concentrations of one of the acid, ASO, and water, substantially independent of the concentrations of the others of the acid catalyst, ASO, and water. A temperature detector is configured to generate temperature data for the acid catalyst. A processor is configured to capture data generated by the temperature detector and the instrument, and to use the data in combination with a model to determine a temperature compensated concentration of the one of the acid, the ASO, and the water. Optionally, one or more other instruments configured for measuring other properties of the liquid mixture may also be used.

Abstract: Provided is a method for analyzing a dispersion made by dispersing a liquid or solid dispersoid into a liquid dispersion medium. The method includes the steps of: preparing a sample liquid from the dispersion by forming an agglomerate of the dispersoid in the dispersion medium; redispersing the dispersoid that forms the agglomerate in the sample liquid into the dispersion medium of the sample liquid; and measuring the amount of the dispersoid that has been redispersed from the agglomerate in the sample liquid.

Abstract: An apparatus for estimating a parameter of interest includes a conduit and a reactive media in the conduit. The reactive media interacts with a selected fluid component to control a flow parameter of the conduit. The apparatus also includes at least one sensor responsive to the flow parameter. The apparatus may be used for estimating a water content of a fluid flowing from a subterranean formation. The apparatus may include a flow path configured to convey fluid from the formation. The at least one sensor may be responsive to a pressure change in the flow path caused by interaction of the reactive media with water.

Abstract: The scale inhibitors in a variety of aqueous systems, or a part or sample thereof, also including one or more dissolved interfering ions, are separated therefrom and analyzed, such scale inhibitors comprising a polymer containing at least one anionic functional group, e.g., a strong acid functional group or a phosphonate or phosphate ester, and such analysis including treating these aqueous systems with a cationic substrate or a free cation.

Abstract: An electronic equipment enclosure (10), especially for an oil-in-water analyzer. The enclosure has a metal body (22) including an expandable folded section (26) that expands in response to increased pressure within the enclosure thereby increasing the volume defined by the enclosure. The enclosure is capable of containing internal explosions and is suitable for use in hazardous environments where the electronic equipment can come into contact with explosive gases.

Abstract: Systems and methods for determining concentrations of components of a multiphase fluid. A first flowmeter receives a fluid flow and generates measurements of the fluid flow. After at least partially separating the fluid flow into mixtures of its components, second and third flowmeters generate measurements of the mixtures. A data processing apparatus operatively coupled to the flowmeters receives the measurements and determines concentrations of the components of the fluid flow. In an embodiment, the measurements are mass flow and density readings.

Abstract: A fuel quality monitoring system and method to automatically and/or continuously monitor quality of fuel dispensed and control the operation of the fuel dispenser. The control system monitors fuel quality to prevent unsafe refuelings when the fuel quality is unacceptable. In one embodiment, a combination of a differential pressure sensor, a water detector, and/or a particle monitor is employed inline the fuel flow path of a fuel dispenser, and in particular an aviation refueling truck, to monitor the quality of the fuel. If fuel quality is at an acceptable level although not ideal, the control system can allow fueling with the generation of reports and alarms. If the fuel quality is unacceptable, fuel flow can be stopped. If the differential pressure across the filter indicates a high degree of debris and/or water retention, the control system can automatically lower the flow rate to reduce the risk of filter breakdown without completely preventing fueling until the filter can be replaced.

Abstract: The present invention provides new methods of intervention for anxiety associated disorders, in particular, trauma-derived disorders such as PTSD, and therapeutic or prophylactic agents for anxiety associated disorders that can be used as foods, beverages, and dietary supplements, for example, and which contain as an active ingredient n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids contained in krill oil or fish oil, for example. The present invention further provides methods for alleviating fear memory or methods for preventing its formation by adjusting the proportion of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids to n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids as ingested.

Abstract: A housing sensor having a semiconductor element for measuring hydrogen concentration in an insulating fluid in equipment having a mounting flange on the equipment providing access to the interior of the equipment provided with a plurality of bolt receiving openings arranged on the mounting flange in a first pattern which includes a first flange having at least one or more openings and an outer periphery. The sensor also includes a tubular housing support member having one end received in one of the openings, a plurality of bolt receiving apertures arranged in a pattern corresponding to the first pattern within the outer periphery of the first flange. The sensor further includes at least one wire receiving opening extending through the housing body, a cover closing an end of the housing body distal from the one end, a first seal disposed between the first flange and the tubular housing support member, a second seal disposed on the first flange for engaging the mounting flange.

Abstract: A system includes a vessel system for a fluid, a sampling assembly and a resonant sensor system coupled to the sampling assembly. The resonant sensor system may include a subsystem that detects a set of signals from a resonant sensor system at a plurality of locations in the vessel. The resonant sensor system may also include a subsystem that converts the set of signals to values of a complex impedance spectrum for the plurality of locations and stores the values of the complex impedance spectrum and frequency values. A subsystem determines a fluid phase inversion point from the values of the complex impedance spectrum.

Abstract: A multi-phase fluid is passed through a Coriolis flowmeter and a watercut meter. The multi-phase fluid includes two phases during a first time period and three phases during a second time period. It is determined that the multi-phase fluid includes two phases during the first time period, and a first value of a parameter of the multi-phase fluid is determined using a value measured by the Coriolis flowmeter during the first time period. A second value of a parameter of the multi-phase fluid is determined using a value measured by the watercut meter during the first time period. The first value is compared to the second value, and it is determined, based on the comparison, that the first value and the second value are inconsistent with each other.