Abstract: Apparatus and methods for processing blood are disclosed in which one variation generally comprises a tube defining a channel and an access tube extending into the channel. An open cell matrix configured to entrap red blood cells may be positioned within at least a portion of the channel. Another variation generally comprises a cylindrical tube and a plunger slidably positioned within the channel. The plunger also has a funnel positioned upon the plunger and is movable therewith. Both the plunger and funnel define a fluid channel through and in communication with the cylindrical tube.

Abstract: A method including filling an internal passage of an additively manufactured (AM) article with a state change fluid, causing the state change fluid to change from a first state having a first viscosity to a second state that is either solid or has a second viscosity that is higher than the first viscosity within the internal passage, causing the state change fluid to change back from the second state to the first state, removing residual powder from the additively manufactured article by flushing the state change fluid from the internal passage, measuring electrical impedance of a piezoelectric wafer connected to the additively manufactured article, and determining that more than a threshold amount of residual powder remains within the AM article based on the measured electrical impendence of the additively manufactured article being outside of a selected range from an expected impendence value.

Abstract: Microfluid chips that comprise one or more microscale and/or mesoscale condenser arrays, which can facilitate particle purification and/or fractionation, are described herein. In one embodiment, an apparatus can comprise a layer of a microfluidic chip. The layer can comprise an inlet that can receive fluid, an outlet that can output a purified version of the fluid, and a condenser array coupled between and in fluid communication with the inlet and the outlet. The condenser array can comprise a plurality of pillars arranged in a plurality of columns. Also, a pillar gap sized to facilitate a throughput rate of the fluid of greater than or equal to about 1.0 nanoliter per hour can be located between a first pillar of the plurality of pillars in a first column of the plurality of columns and a second pillar of the plurality of pillars in the first column.

Abstract: The examples herein relate to assembly techniques and structures for sealing and lateral pressure compensation techniques that can be utilized in, for example, an electrowetting cell. The electrowetting cell can include a substrate that supports a well filled with a liquid. The electrowetting cell can include a control channel electrode to control the liquid via an electric field and a circuit connection to drive the control channel electrode. A seal is coupled to a spacer to seal the well between the substrate and the transparent cover. An expansion space, exterior to the well, is formed with the coupling of the seal and the spacer. As the liquid or the gas thermally expands or contracts, the seal compensates laterally by deforming sideways in an empty space of the expansion space.

Abstract: Device for simultaneously determining a mass transport of a fluid and a mass transport of a substance dissolved in the fluid, comprising at least two cartridges filled with a porous matrix, and assembly means, configured to keep the cartridges together, characterized in that the top side and the bottom side of each cartridge are non-permeable and the side wall is permeable, and in that the assembly means are configured to keep the cartridges together according to a stack, in which the cartridges may be flowed through in parallel without cross-contamination.

Abstract: The present subject matter relates to a one-step method of detecting and quantifying cardiolipin in a sample using a positively charged AIE luminogen by introducing the AIE luminogen to a solution containing the sample and measuring fluorescence intensity of the solution; a method of quantifying isolated mitochondria using a positively charged AIE luminogen by staining a sample containing isolated mitochondria with the AIE luminogen and measuring the fluorescence intensity; and a method of quantifying isolated mitochondria using a positively charged AIE luminogen by introducing the AIE luminogen to a sample containing isolated mitochondria, wherein the AIE luminogen stains the isolated mitochondria and identifying the stained isolated mitochondria under microscope.

Abstract: A micromachined flow cell includes a substrate and a freestanding tube, delimiting a fluidic conduit therein and being integrally formed from material of the substrate.

Abstract: A sensor for pressure measurement may include a fabric support, an electrically conductive structure including tracks on the fabric support having resistance variations in response to deformations thereof, and a processor coupled to the electrically conductive structure and configured to sense resistance values of respective tracks of the electrically conductive structure and to provide a signal representative of a pressure difference across opposite faces of the fabric support.

Abstract: A method for removing chloride from samples containing volatile organic carbon, wherein a chloride containing sample is mixed with a difficultly volatile acid, wherein hydrochloric acid gas arises, which is present in dissolved form in a sample-acid mixture and then the hydrochloric acid gas is purged by a carrier gas from the sample-acid mixture, wherein the hydrochloric acid gas is removed from the carrier gas following the purging and the carrier gas is fed back to the sample-acid mixture. In order during the hydrochloric acid purging largely to suppress the driving out of easily volatile organic compounds, the sample-acid mixture has a temperature of approximately 3° C. to 30° C., wherein, following the purging from the sample-acid mixture, the hydrochloric acid gas is removed from the carrier gas by absorption with water.

Abstract: Apparatus features an acoustic comb filter module configured to receive signaling containing information about different frequencies F1 and F2 to create a selected comb spacing D to capture certain particles having a selected size X in a flow stream in a flow pipe, and to provide an acoustic standing wave via ultrasonic excitation based at least partly on the two different frequencies F1 and F2 to create the selected comb spacing D to capture the certain particles having the selected size X in the flow stream in the flow pipe. The apparatus may also include a particle size or distribution determination module configured to receive the certain particles for off-stream analysis via a detection port that forms part of the flow pipe and determine the particle size or distribution of the certain particles in the flow stream in the flow pipe.

Abstract: Methods of concentrating an analyte that is in liquid and method of detecting an analyte in a liquid are disclosed. Methods of screening a liquid for the presence of an analyte are also disclosed. Processes comprising continuously collecting a sample of fluid throughout the process and analyzing the sample are disclosed as are processes comprising treating ultrafilter membranes. Devices and systems for concentrating an analyte that is in liquid and for screening a liquid for an analyte are disclosed as well as devices and systems for concentrating an analyte from a continuous sample are disclosed.

Abstract: Method for detecting an analyte of interest in a sample. The method can include providing a container comprising a microstructured surface, and centrifuging the container toward the microstructured surface to form a sediment and a supernatant of the sample. Following centrifugation, the container can be inverted to decant at least a portion of the supernatant of the sample from the second portion, such that a concentrate (e.g., comprising the sediment) of the sample is retained in the microstructured surface. The concentrate can then be interrogated in the microstructured surface for the analyte of interest. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the second portion can be substantially transparent, such that the concentrate can be interrogated from the outside of the container, without requiring that the container be opened prior to interrogation.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring dissolved residue concentrations and particulate residue particle concentrations and size distribution in liquids, particularly colloidal suspensions. The method involves separating dissolved and particulate residues in liquids for subsequent analysis of the residue species. The method includes the steps of forming an aerosol from the liquid sample to be analyzed, evaporating the droplets in the aerosol to dryness, detecting and sizing the particles, and determining the liquid volumetric inspection rate. An apparatus for separating dissolved and particulate residues in liquids for determination of the concentrations of the two residue species as well as the size distribution of the particulate species is also disclosed. The apparatus includes a droplet former, a dryer communicatively connected to the droplet former, and a detector communicatively connected to the evaporator for detecting and sizing particles.

Abstract: A method of determining the length distribution in the population of glass or plastic fibers in, for example, a fiber reinforced polymeric article wherein the fibers recovered from a representative article are immersed in a non-polar liquid and the combination of the liquid and fibers is passed through a sieve stack while an applied high electric field produces a relatively uniform alignment of the fibers as they pass through the sieves thereby improving the accuracy of the filtering process.

Abstract: An apparatus and method to determine analytes in a fluid. One aspect of the present invention is for the determination of the oil content of water using UV, near-IR, IR or Raman spectroscopy or radiometry. In certain embodiments, a solid membrane material absorbs analytes from fluid brought into contact with it. The membrane is subsequently placed in a FTIR spectrometer, which spectrometer is enabled to determine the concentration of analytes in fluid by calibration. Certain embodiments can determine the type of hydrocarbon present, and thus can differentiate Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPH) from Total Oil and Grease (TOG), without any separate sample preparation.

Abstract: A microparticle detecting apparatus is disclosed and includes at least one detection unit, each of which includes: a first sieve having at least a first mesh, a separator stacked on one side of the first sieve and having a separator hole, and a second sieve stacked on one side of the separator and having several second meshes. The diameter of the second mesh is smaller than that of the first mesh, and the first and second meshes are misaligned with each other in a vertical direction of the first and second sieves. The detection unit further includes at least a sensor aligned with the first or second mesh for detecting microparticles trapping into the first mesh or passing through the second mesh. Therefore, the microparticle detecting apparatus is suitably used for detecting or counting any microparticles with different size, to effectively shorten the detection processes of sample fluids.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring dissolved residue concentrations and particulate residue particle concentrations and size distribution in liquids, particularly colloidal suspensions. The method involves separating dissolved and particulate residues in liquids for subsequent analysis of the residue species. The method includes the steps of forming an aerosol from the liquid sample to be analyzed, evaporating the droplets in the aerosol to dryness, detecting and sizing the particles, and determining the liquid volumetric inspection rate. An apparatus for separating dissolved and particulate residues in liquids for determination of the concentrations of the two residue species as well as the size distribution of the particulate species is also disclosed. The apparatus includes a droplet former, a dryer communicatively connected to the droplet former, and a detector communicatively connected to the evaporator for detecting and sizing particles.

Abstract: This is a device for analyzing the quantity of organic compounds existing in a liquid, such as ultrapure water, at the outlet from a purification device including in series filter means (1), oxidation means (2) and polishing means (3), further including means for measuring the resistivity of water to determine the purity thereof, characterized in that it includes only one resistivity measuring cell (4) and in that the outlet points of said filter means (1) and said oxidation means (2) are connected to said resistivity measuring cell (4) by pipes provided with an analysis valve (6) and/or check valves (5) selectively enabling circulation of said liquid within them.

Abstract: The present invention relates a method for the detection of at least one mycotoxin contamination from bulk ware, an apparatus for taking a sample of particles from bulk ware as well as a method for taking particles from bulk ware using the apparatus according to the invention and the use of the apparatus according to the invention.

Abstract: A method and device for the detection of low-level harmful substances in a large volume of fluid comprising using a concentrator system to produce a retentate and analyzing the retantate for the presence of at one harmful substance. The concentrator system performs a method comprising pumping at least 10 liters of fluid from a sample source through a filter While pumping, the concentrator system diverts retentate from the filter into a container. The concentrator system also recirculates at least part of the retentate in the container again through the filter. The concentrator system controls the speed of the pump with a control system thereby maintaining a fluid pressure less than 25 psi during the pumping of the fluid; monitors the quantity of retentate within the container with a control system, and maintains a reduced volume level of retentate and a target volume of retentate.

Abstract: To improve an offset accuracy in a particle number counting apparatus (100) condensing a working liquid with sample particles, the apparatus including: a porous member (22) in which a flow path (23) is passed through to form an inlet (23a) at a lower side and an outlet (23b) at an upper side thereof so that the working liquid is supplied to a predetermined section of the porous member so as to be impregnated into the entire part of the porous member; and a housing (21) having an accommodating space for accommodating the porous member (22), wherein a gap (S) is formed between an outer peripheral surface (22a) of the porous member (22) and an inner peripheral surface (21b) of the accommodating space of the housing (21) at least in an upper side than the predetermined section to be supplied with the working liquid.

Abstract: A system and method for characterizing a totality of particles selects a class of the totality of particles having a defined mobility; determines the total particle concentration of the class of particles; filters the class of particles using the filter apparatus and determines a filtered particle concentration indicative of the particles of the class which penetrate the filter apparatus; and determines at least one morphological parameter based on the fraction of particles of a class penetrating the filter apparatus.

Abstract: A method of separating, detecting and determining a size of each of a plurality of particles in a fluid includes compelling the fluid to flow through a fluid channel such that larger particles of the plurality of particles travel through the fluid channel faster than smaller particles of the plurality of particles; illuminating a detection zone of the fluid channel substantially uniformly across an entire cross section of the fluid channel such that each of the plurality of particles passes through illumination light upon passing through the detection zone; detecting each of the plurality of particles based on corresponding responses to the illuminating to determine a time that each of the plurality of particles passes through the detection zone; and determining a size of each of the plurality of particles based on the time that each of the plurality of particles passes through the detection zone.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for determining metal content in a container of water. The method includes contacting a substrate with the water for a predetermined period of time. The substrate is then dried and analyzed to determine the metal content of the substrate surface. A determination is then made of the metal content in the water from the metal content on the substrate surface.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for mass detection of particles in a fluid medium, including an electromechanical oscillator (7), excitation means (9) fitted so as to cause the said oscillator to vibrate, a fluid supply circuit (5), and a fluid system (11) incorporated in the said oscillator, where the said fluid system (11) is in fluid communication with the fluid supply circuit (5), where the said fluid system (11) includes at least one trapping site (21) configured to trap a particle of interest according to the size of the said particle of interest.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring particle concentration and size distribution of particles in liquids. The method involve separating dissolved and particulate residues in liquids for determination of the size and concentration of the particulate species. The method includes the steps of forming an aerosol from the liquid sample to be analyzed, evaporating the droplets in the aerosol to dryness, and detecting the particles. An apparatus for separating dissolved and particulate residues in liquids for determination of the size and concentration of the particulate species is also disclosed. The apparatus includes a droplet former, a dryer communicatively connected to the droplet former, and a detector communicatively connected to the evaporator for detecting particles.

Abstract: There have been the following problems with sequence analysis using multiple nanopores: trapping a sample in the nanopores is not always 100% efficient and unnecessary time is spent to measure pores in which no sample has been trapped, resulting in low measurement efficiency. To address the problems, a labeling substance is boned to a sample, and the sample to which the labeling substance has been bonded is trapped in the nanopores. An apparatus for observing the labeling substance is used to observe the labeling substance and monitor whether or not the sample has been trapped in the nanopores. Measuring only nanopores in which the sample has been trapped allows the measurement efficiency to be improved.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for improving measurements of particle or cell characteristics, such as mass, in Susppended Microchannel Resonators (SMR's). Apparatus include in particular designs for trapping particles in SMR's for extended measurement periods. Methods include techniques to provide differential measurements by varying the fluid density for repeated measurements on the same particle or cell.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring particle concentration and size distribution of particles in liquids. The method involve separating dissolved and particulate residues in liquids for determination of the size and concentration of the particulate species. The method includes the steps of forming an aerosol from the liquid sample to be analyzed, evaporating the droplets in the aerosol to dryness, and detecting the particles. An apparatus for separating dissolved and particulate residues in liquids for determination of the size and concentration of the particulate species is also disclosed. The apparatus includes a droplet former, a dryer communicatively connected to the droplet former, and a detector communicatively connected to the evaporator for detecting particles.

Abstract: A device for measuring the streaming potential of fibers and particles in suspensions, in particular a device for determining the zeta-potential of the particles of aqueous suspensions containing fibers and particles, by measuring the streaming potential, and by subsequently computing the zeta-potential with an empirical formula. A periodic pressure curve is generated by arranging in the device for measuring the streaming potential at least two vacuum vessels, with each vessel having a different constant reduced pressure. The vacuum vessels are permanently set to a different vacuum and alternatingly connected via a valve to the measurement cell with the fiber plug. The required reduced pressure in the two vacuum vessels is maintained by using at least one small, low-capacity vacuum pump and a valve controller.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for measuring dissolved residue concentrations and particulate residue particle concentrations and size distribution in liquids, particularly colloidal suspensions. The method involves separating dissolved and particulate residues in liquids for subsequent analysis of the residue species. The method includes the steps of forming an aerosol from the liquid sample to be analyzed, evaporating the droplets in the aerosol to dryness, detecting and sizing the particles, and determining the liquid volumetric inspection rate. An apparatus for separating dissolved and particulate residues in liquids for determination of the concentrations of the two residue species as well as the size distribution of the particulate species is also disclosed. The apparatus includes a droplet former, a dryer communicatively connected to the droplet former, and a detector communicatively connected to the evaporator for detecting and sizing particles.

Abstract: A water quality evaluation method capable of evaluating quality of water to be evaluated with high precision and a substrate contacting apparatus used in the water quality evaluation method are provided. The substrate contacting apparatus 10 has a sealing performance keeping the interior at a vacuum degree lower than or equal to ?0.094 MPa. A substrate W is accommodated in the substrate contacting apparatus 10 and water to be evaluated is fed therein, after stopping feeding water, the interior of the substrate contacting apparatus 10 is sealed, and the substrate contacting apparatus 10 is sent to an analysis device with the substrate W accommodated therein.

Abstract: A continuous testing method for testing the concentration of a target object in a fluid is provided. The method comprises the following steps. A focused light is provided in the fluid to separate the target object from a non-target object in the fluid by changing the movement direction of the target object and the non-target object. The fluid having separated out the non-target object is enabled to react with a reagent. A signal is provided to pass through the fluid having reacted with the reagent. The signal passing through the fluid is received and an electronic signal is outputted corresponding to the input signal. The concentration of the target object is acquired according to the electronic signal.

Abstract: A system for monitoring non-volatile residue concentrations in ultra pure water includes a nebulizer for generating an aerosol composed of multiple water droplets, a heating element changing the aerosol to a suspension of residue particles, and a condensation particle counter to supersaturate the dried aerosol to cause droplet growth through condensation of a liquid onto the particles. The nebulizer incorporates a flow dividing structure that divides exiting waste water into a series of droplets. The droplets are counted to directly indicate a waste water flow rate and indirectly indicate an input flow rate of water supplied to the nebulizer. The condensation particle counter employs water as the condensing medium, avoiding the need for undesirable chemical formulations and enabling use of the ultra pure water itself as the condensing medium.

Abstract: A droplet discharge amount measuring method for measuring the amount of droplets of a functional solution discharged from a droplet discharge apparatus, the functional solution containing a solid component and a solvent, includes discharging droplets of the functional solution from the droplet discharge apparatus onto a test surface, drying for allowing the solvent on the test surface to evaporate from the droplets so that solid dots be left and measuring the volume of the solid dots using an imaging technique, wherein in drying, the droplets are condensed as the solvent evaporates therefrom, and thus the resulting solid dots have smaller areas than the parent droplets upon landing on the test surface.

Abstract: A method for measuring the number of fine particles in ultrapure water includes subjecting the ultrapure water to internal pressure filtration through a hollow fiber membrane having a skin layer capable of trapping the fine particles in the ultrapure water at least on an inner surface thereof, exposing the inner surface of the hollow fiber membrane, and measuring the number of fine particles on the exposed inner surface.

Abstract: A system for monitoring non-volatile residue concentrations in ultra pure water includes a nebulizer for generating an aerosol composed of multiple water droplets, a heating element changing the aerosol to a suspension of residue particles, and a condensation particle counter to supersaturate the dried aerosol to cause droplet growth through condensation of a liquid onto the particles. The nebulizer incorporates a flow dividing structure that divides exiting waste water into a series of droplets. The droplets are counted to directly indicate a waste water flow rate and indirectly indicate an input flow rate of water supplied to the nebulizer. The condensation particle counter employs water as the condensing medium, avoiding the need for undesirable chemical formulations and enabling use of the ultra pure water itself as the condensing medium.

Abstract: A continuous testing device for testing the concentration of a target object in a fluid is provided. The continuous testing device includes a first chip, a signal source and a second chip. The first chip includes a separating unit and a reacting unit. The separating unit separates the target object from a non-target object in the fluid. The reacting unit enables the fluid having separated out the non-target object to react with a reagent. The signal source provides a signal passing through the fluid having reacted with the reagent. The second chip disposed at one side of the first chip includes a signal transducing element and a processing unit. The signal transducing element receives the signal passing through the fluid and outputs an electronic signal corresponding to the input signal. The processing unit acquires the concentration of the target object according to the electronic signal.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed for recovering magnetically attractable wellbore casing fragments from drilling fluid used in hydrocarbon-producing formations.

Abstract: A device is displayed for determining an organic and inorganic fraction of a sample, which comprises a suspension medium, particularly water, and also solids. A preferably tightly sealable treatment chamber is provided, which comprises a sampling device, a filter unit, which is constructed and attached to the sampling device such that the suspension medium can be removed from the sample through the filter unit, a suction device for removing the suspension medium, a heat energy source for supplying heat energy to the sample, a temperature measuring unit for recording the temperature of the sample, a weighing unit for weighing the sample and a control and data evaluation unit, for controlling the energy source and for receiving and storing output signals from the temperature measuring unit and also the weighing unit. All parts of the device are constructed so that a sample can be analysed within the treatment chamber, without having to remove it in the interim. This represents a considerable time saving.

Abstract: A device for performing biological sample reactions may include a plurality of flow cells configured to be mounted to a common microscope translation stage, wherein each flow cell is configured to receive at least one sample holder containing biological sample. Each flow cell also may be configured to be selectively placed in an open position for positioning the at least one sample holder into the flow cell and a closed position for reacting biological sample contained in the at least one sample holder. The plurality of flow cells may be configured to be selectively placed in the open position and the closed position independently of each other.

Abstract: The fuel sampler/strainer assembly includes a housing formed of fuel resistant material including a transparent elongated main body, a fuel receiving portion at an upper end thereof, and a fuel exiting portion also at the upper end thereof. The elongated main body has a closed lower end. The fuel receiving portion is generally tubular and has spaced-apart indentations in its upper end edge for alignment and cooperation with associated actuating arms of a pet cock drain valve. A rod is removably attachable at a first end to the fuel receiving portion and extends along a central axis of the fuel receiving portion and beyond the upper end edge of the fuel receiving portion so as to engage and manipulate a ball and spring drain valve at a second end of the rod. The fuel exiting portion includes a filter screen functioning as a barrier to water and desired particulate debris.

Abstract: A method for measuring the number of fine particles in ultrapure water includes subjecting the ultrapure water to internal pressure filtration through a hollow fiber membrane having a skin layer capable of trapping the fine particles in the ultrapure water at least on an inner surface thereof, exposing the inner surface of the hollow fiber membrane, and measuring the number of fine particles on the exposed inner surface.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a semiconductor device includes placing a sample of a liquid chemical containing a contaminant on a substantially impurity-free surface of a substrate. The liquid chemical is evaporated, leaving the contaminant on the surface. The contaminant is concentrated in a scanning solution, which is then evaporated to form a residue. A concentration of the contaminant in the residue is determined.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are disclosed for recovering magnetically attractable wellbore casing fragments from drilling fluid used in hydrocarbon-producing formations.

Abstract: A device and a method for measuring fluid flow and solute mass transport in flow systems includes a casing (1) having inlet (3) and outlet (9) openings and a fluid passageway therebetween, the casing containing at least one fluid permeable insoluble adsorbent matrix (7) and at least one tracer material (5, 5?) located in the fluid passageway. The tracer material (5,5?) is a fluid permeable partially soluble material which at least prior to installation is not physically or chemically bonded to the adsorbent matrix (7) and is either mixed with the adsorbent matrix or is located in at least one section (4,4?) of the casing (1) separate from but in contact with at least one section (6,6?) of the casing holding the insoluble adsorbent matrix (7,7?). The device is intended to be installed in a medium having a fluid path therein.

Abstract: The filter assembly for a fuel checker includes a filter housing, a removable screen assembly, a first protective cap and a second protective cap. The filter housing includes a fuel receiving end portion and a fuel exiting end portion. The fuel receiving end portion is shaped to securely attach to a fuel checker. The filter housing defines a volume for containing checked fuel. A removable screen assembly is securely attachable to the fuel exiting end portion. The removable screen assembly includes a flexible screen housing and a filter screen supported by the flexible screen housing. The filter screen is a barrier to water and desired particulate debris. A first protective cap fits over the fuel receiving end portion for containing evaporative fumes while the filter assembly is being stored. A second protective cap fits over the removable screen assembly and protects the screen when the filter assembly is being stored.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for analyzing the maintenance status of liquid-filled electric equipment. An accurate indication of the maintenance state of an electric device and its insulating liquid is obtained using an analysis method comprising a particle analysis of suspended particles and sediment contained in the liquid. The analysis method can further comprise a chemical analysis of the insulating liquid. This analysis results in profiles of the liquid that give an accurate indication of the maintenance state of the electric device.

Abstract: A method of determining an average length of reinforcing fiber in a sample of reinforcing fibers is disclosed. A sample of reinforcing fibers is weighed to obtain a total sample weight. The sample of reinforcing fibers is placed in a fiber separating mechanism and suspended in water. The water is stirred after which the water is allowed to settle such that the sample of reinforcing fiber divides into a plurality of fractions in separate sections of the fiber separating mechanism. Each fraction has reinforcing fibers of substantially similar lengths and is separately weighed. An average fiber length is calculated from the relative weights of each of the plurality of fractions and the total sample weight. In addition, a method of determining an average length of a reinforcing fiber in a composite material having a resin and a plurality of reinforcing fibers is disclosed.

Abstract: A system which receives as inputs various measurements of solids and liquids in a clarification system and, from these measurements, determines the various constituents and their fractional makeup within the system. The measurements may be made manually or mechanically, but are preferably made manually. From a quantitative analysis of easily accessible sample points, data is acquired and plugged into a spread sheet program, which numerically and graphically displays the breakdown of the constituents which make up the solids and liquids discharged from a treatment stage or of the entire system.