Abstract: A system for non-destructively measuring the strength of a cement slurry sample includes an elongate sample container for receiving a cement slurry sample. The elongate sample container has a mass mounted at its first end. A transducer mounted at a second end of the elongate sample container vibrates the elongate sample container and mass. The elongate sample container, mass and transducer have a known resonance. The system calculates the strength of a tested cement slurry within the elongate sample container as a function of variation in resonance of the elongate sample container, mass and transducer.

Abstract: There is provided a proof body for use in a strain gauge for measuring horizontal strains in a pavement. The proof body is to be inserted in a hole provided in a surface layer of the pavement. The proof body is designed to be embedded in a substitute core designed to be retrofitted in the hole. The proof body is designed to be attached to the walls of the hole, allowing measurement of horizontal strains in the pavement surface layer.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method are described that determine the compressive strength of a solid by rebound. The method and apparatus have a reduced sensitivity to error sources, i.e. gravity, internal friction and operator interference (unsteady holding of the instrument). The improvements are achieved by contactless measuring of the quotient of rebound to inbound velocity recorded immediately before and after the impact. Matching the mass of the mallet (3) to the plunger (5) yields higher efficiency, less angular variation of the impact energy and lighter weight. Added benefits of the invention are: Extended range of measurement and simplified mechanical adjustments, calibration and maintenance.

Abstract: An annular assembly, or ring cell, is provided for testing the load bearing capacity of piles. The ring cell walls of the annular assembly can be made of stamped material. The ring cell walls can be an outer ring wall and an inner ring wall. Alternately, the ring cell walls can have a “U”-type shape cross-section including an outer ring wall, an inner ring wall, and a top wall. Fluid can be provided to the annular assembly through fluid supply lines into an expansion zone. The expansion zone can be a space having a bladder for filling with fluid. In another embodiment, the expansion zone can be a space between a filler material capable of withstanding high pressure separated with a membrane. The pressure of the fluid in the expansion zone can be monitored during testing.

Abstract: A creep tester for a precise and accurate creep test includes a movable actuator capable of loading corresponding to change in length of a specimen, a cam actuator operated in association with the movable actuator, and a self weight actuator. The movable actuator includes upper and lower spherical adjusting seats to hold upper and lower portions of the specimen, a spring disposed on the upper spherical adjusting seat to correspond to a minute deformation of the specimen, upper and lower movable tables respectively contacting the spring and the lower spherical adjusting seat, a load cell and a stationary table disposed on the upper movable table, and a movable loading table disposed below the lower movable table to apply a predetermined load to the specimen. The creep tester can perform a precise creep test by continuously applying a constant load without supplementation of hydraulic pressure.

Abstract: An apparatus, method, and system are disclosed, which provide a means of real time surface profile evaluation in wet cement. The sliding profiler can be pulled behind various stages in a paving train. The user is alerted to profile discrepancies while the cement is still pliable and afforded the opportunity to make adjustments to the paving process, to include additional finishing. The system is made of affordable components and thus is appropriate for construction projects of different scale. In addition, multiple sliding profilers can measure the profile of multiple wheel paths simultaneously. The system can measure profile changes of less than 150 mils. Use of the system described herein will contribute to better roadways at lower costs.

Abstract: There is provided a proof body for use in a strain gauge for measuring horizontal strains in a pavement. The proof body is to be inserted in a hole provided in a surface layer of the pavement. The proof body is designed to be embedded in a substitute core designed to be retrofitted in the hole. The proof body is designed to be attached to the walls of the hole, allowing measurement of horizontal strains in the pavement surface layer.

Abstract: A sensor adapted to be embedded in a layer of cement material of a pavement to detect pressure thrusts acting on said pavement. The sensor includes: a plate-like transducer; a base structure including a container fitted with a chamber such as to house said transducer and a layer of protective material defined between a surface in contact with said transducer and an opposite free surface; a pressure plate including a force transferring portion and a force receiving portion which projects compared to said force transferring portion, the force transferring portion including one end portion facing the force receiving portion and one opposite end portion. The force transferring portion is such as to distance the force receiving portion from the free surface so as to define between the force receiving portion and the free surface a region which can be filled at least in part with the cement material of the layer of cement material.

Abstract: A biodegradable test cylinder mold is used for testing concrete specimens. The mold comprises a cylindrical wall connected to a bottom wall to define a hollow, unitary cylindrical container for receiving concrete to form a test specimen. The cylindrical container is formed of a biodegradable material comprising corn starch or a blend of corn starch and plastic.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention provide field test devices and methods for testing the compressive gradient strength of installed vehicle arresting systems, such as those installed on airport runways. Current methods of testing such arresting systems are conducted on sample materials in-house, and these methods are not applicable or useful when tests need to be conducted on currently-installed systems in the field.

Abstract: An acoustic transducer system for use in the measurement of longitudinal sound velocity in a cement sample that is maintained at high temperature and pressure. The acoustic assembly is separate from the end plugs to optimize acoustic coupling between the individual elements of the assembly, to increase the amplitude and consistency of the acoustic signal and to provide an ability to replace the transducers as a separate assembly. The transducer includes an acoustic transmission line and utilizes a pressure isolation method to optimize the material and the manufacturing process to enhance the acoustic signal required for the measurement. The transducer assembly includes a high temperature piezoelectric ceramic and a load mass that improve the signal amplitude and provide the required electrical connections. The transducer improves the ability to measure the longitudinal wave velocity in a cement sample at elevated temperature and pressure for determining the sample's compressive strength.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for determination of susceptibility of asphalt concrete materials to moisture damage. An asphalt sample of known bulk specific gravity (density) is placed inside a chamber filled with water, which is capable of heating the sample to a pre-determined temperature. The chamber is pressurized by introduction of air pressure to a flexible membrane that decreases the volume within a chamber containing the sample and water, increasing the pore pressure in the sample. The pressure is then released and allowed to come to ambient pressure. This process is repeated a predetermined number of times (cycles). When a selected number of cycles are complete, the asphalt sample is removed from the chamber and its bulk specific gravity (density) measured again. The difference between the density before and after conditioning is an excellent method of rating the degree at which moisture would deteriorate asphalt samples due to introduction of moisture.

Abstract: A system for tracking and monitoring data related to the manufacture, installation and/or life cycle of concrete structures, such as pilings, as well as related system components and methods for tracking, storing and accessing such data is provided. The system utilizes one or more embeddable antenna assemblies as well as sensor packages that are installed in the concrete structure form before casting. The antenna(s) provide wireless communication of the data from the structure. On board memory is also provided to store structure related data with the structure. A system for tracking a pile during driving is also provided.

Abstract: Cement is conditioned, cured and/or tested while applying a specified temperature and/or pressure. In certain embodiments, the specified temperature and/or pressure applied during the testing substantially simulates anticipated static downhole conditions the cement will be subjected to in use. In certain embodiments, the specified temperature and/or pressure applied during the receiving substantially simulates pumping placement conditions the cement will be subjected to in use. In certain embodiments, the cement can be conditioned in a conditioning vessel while applying specified temperature and/or pressure to the cement. In certain embodiments, the temperature and/or pressure applied in the conditioning substantially simulates anticipated pumping placement conditions the cement will be subjected to in use.

Abstract: A sensor for measuring material properties such as the relaxation modulus of a material in situ and a method of measuring material properties of a material are disclosed. The sensor may be substantially embedded in the material, and includes a deformable driver. When actuated, the deformable driver may create a stress in the adjacent material. The movement or deformation of the driver may be measured with a sensing device, for example a strain gage mounted on a surface thereof. The stress in the adjacent material may be measured with a second sensing device, for example a pressure sensor. The measured movement and stress over a predetermined period of time may he used to determine the relaxation modulus of the material.

Abstract: A biodegradable test cylinder mold is used for testing concrete specimens. The mold comprises a cylindrical wall connected to a bottom wall to define a hollow, unitary cylindrical container for receiving concrete to form a test specimen. The cylindrical container is formed of a biodegradable material comprising corn starch or a blend of corn starch and plastic.

Abstract: Methods of determining the mechanical properties of a sample include applying a first pressure condition to a first portion of the sample and applying a second pressure condition to the second portion of the sample, the second pressure condition being different than the first pressure condition.

Abstract: A base beneath a specimen of a specimen cell for triaxial testing includes sealingly interconnected upper and lower covers. The upper cover is perforated, and has a downwardly opening first receiving groove receiving a porous ceramic plate, and a first pressure hole communicated with the first receiving groove. The lower cover has an upwardly opening second receiving groove, and a second pressure hole communicated with the second receiving groove. A non-permeable film is disposed between the upper and lower covers to span the first and second receiving grooves. A guide tube interconnects the first and second pressure holes so that pore air flows to the second receiving groove to provide an upward pressure beneath the film and the ceramic plate. Thus, the pressure difference across the ceramic plate can be reduced to be nearly zero.

Abstract: Methods of determining the mechanical properties of a sample include applying a first pressure condition to a first portion of the sample and applying a second pressure condition to the second portion of the sample, the second pressure condition being different than the first pressure condition.

Abstract: A detection system for monitoring an engineered structure includes an array of sensors disposable in a predetermined pattern on the engineered structure and disposable between a surface of the engineered structure and a protective coating substantially covering the surface. The detection system also includes a controller in communication with the array of sensors for retrieving data from the sensors. The controller communicates with the sensor array via an optical fiber backbone. The array of sensors can remotely provide data corresponding to at least one of a degree of cure of the protective coating, a health of the cured protective coating, and a corrosion rate of the engineered structure at each of the sensors.

Abstract: A handheld wet slurry thickness gauge and method for its use. The thickness gauge includes a distance displacement measurement gauge, a skirt, a platen and support legs. The distance displacement measurement gauge includes a case, a vertical stem, and a vertical spindle. The stem extends from the case. The spindle is slidably supported to move in an axial direction within the stem. The case body has a display for indicating a linear displacement of the spindle. The skirt has a central through-hole for receiving the stem of the gauge and retaining the stem in an upright position. The measuring platen has a platen base and a platen shaft extending upwardly from the platen base and attached to the spindle. The support legs extend downwardly from the skirt. The platen is below the skirt.

Abstract: A creep tester for a precise and accurate creep test includes a movable actuator capable of loading corresponding to change in length of a specimen, a cam actuator operated in association with the movable actuator, and a self weight actuator. The movable actuator includes upper and lower spherical adjusting seats to hold upper and lower portions of the specimen, a spring disposed on the upper spherical adjusting seat to correspond to a minute deformation of the specimen, upper and lower movable tables respectively contacting the spring and the lower spherical adjusting seat, a load cell and a stationary table disposed on the upper movable table, and a movable loading table disposed below the lower movable table to apply a predetermined load to the specimen. The creep tester can perform a precise creep test by continuously applying a constant load without supplementation of hydraulic pressure.

Abstract: An unbonded capping system for strength testing of concrete masonry units (CMUs) comprises a rigid, rectangular foam board of a size to be received on a face of a CMU. A plastic sheet is laminated to the rigid foam board and is engagable by a test apparatus, in use, with the rigid foam board engaging the face of the CMU to provide even load distribution during testing.

Abstract: Cement is conditioned, cured and/or tested while applying a specified temperature and/or pressure. In certain embodiments, the specified temperature and/or pressure applied during the testing substantially simulates anticipated static downhole conditions the cement will be subjected to in use. In certain embodiments, the specified temperature and/or pressure applied during the receiving substantially simulates pumping placement conditions the cement will be subjected to in use. In certain embodiments, the cement can be conditioned in a conditioning vessel while applying specified temperature and/or pressure to the cement. In certain embodiments, the temperature and/or pressure applied in the conditioning substantially simulates anticipated pumping placement conditions the cement will be subjected to in use.

Abstract: Method and system for controlling and monitoring the quality of concrete based on the concrete's maturity. Various embodiments of the present invention are discussed. First, Enhanced Maturity involves a maturity calibration method to account for the water-to-cementitious-materials ratio, air content, and gross unit weight of the concrete. Second, Moisture-Loss Maturity is a method for determining the appropriate time to terminate moisture-loss protection of concrete and concrete structures. Third, Improved Maturity is a method and system for determining the strength of curing concrete using improved maturity calculations. Fourth, SPC Maturity is a method that beneficially couples maturity measurements and calculations with Statistical Process Control (SPC) methods to enable rapid recognition of changes to the concrete mix and/or incompatibilities between the various components of the concrete mix.

Abstract: Apparatus for testing mechanical properties of a sample cement composition. The apparatus includes an annular test chamber and a variable stress system. The variable stress system communicates with the annular test chamber. The variable stress system is operable to control at least one of temperature or pressure applied to the sample cement composition in the annular test chamber during and after curing of the sample cement composition. One or more sensors are coupled to the annular test chamber. The sensors are operable to sense at least one of stress, strain and displacement from the sample cement composition in response to one or more changes applied to the annular test chamber by the variable stress system for determination of at least one mechanical property of the sample cement composition.

Abstract: An apparatus measures a supporting force of ferroconcrete piles by means of a bi-directional front end oil pressure loading apparatus using a high pressure loading system capable of measuring a supporting force, a sinking amount and an axis load distribution on the ferroconcrete piles.

Abstract: A handheld wet slurry thickness gauge and method for its use. The thickness gauge includes a distance displacement measurement gauge, a skirt, a platen and support legs. The distance displacement measurement gauge includes a case, a vertical stem, and a vertical spindle. The stem extends from the case. The spindle is slidably supported to move in an axial direction within the stem. The case body has a display for indicating a linear displacement of the spindle. The skirt has a central through-hole for receiving the stem of the gauge and retaining the stem in an upright position. The measuring platen has a platen base and a platen shaft extending upwardly from the platen base and attached to the spindle. The support legs extend downwardly from the skirt. The platen is below the skirt.

Abstract: A method, system and computer product for detecting the location of a deformation of a structure includes baselining a defined energy transmitting characteristic for each of the plurality of laterally adjacent conductors attached to the structure. Each of the plurality of conductors includes a plurality of segments coupled in series and having an associated unit value representative of the defined energy transmitting characteristic. The plurality of laterally adjacent conductors includes a plurality of identity groups with each identity group including at least one of the plurality of segments from each of the plurality of conductors. Each of the plurality of conductors are monitored for a difference in the defined energy transmitting characteristic when compared with a baseline energy transmitting characteristic for each of the plurality of conductors. When the difference exceeds a threshold value, a location of the deformation along the structure is calculated.

Abstract: A system for measuring the critical temperatures for thermal cracking of asphalt binders. The exemplary embodiment comprises a metal ring, at least one strain gauge attached to the inner surface of the ring, an environmental chamber, and a data acquisition system. A thermocouple may also be attached to the inside of the ring to monitor the ring temperature. A mold is provided for creating a circular asphalt binder test specimen. When properly cast, the specimen encircles the metal ring. The specimen and ring are placed within the environmental chamber for analysis as the temperature within the chamber is lowered. Thermal stress induced by temperature reduction within the asphalt binder test specimen is monitored by the strain gauge(s) and the cracking temperature is directly determined from the strain reading.

Abstract: An apparatus and method is provided for sensing data relating to a structure (14), including an inspection site sensor system having at least one microprocessor (16) coupled to the structure. At least one sensor (12) for sensing data is connected to each of the at least one microprocessors that compare the data to a standard. A user interface (18) is coupled to the microprocessor (16) for presenting the comparison, and a wireless transmitter (20) is coupled to the microprocessor (16) for transmitting at least one of the data and the comparison to a management site (22). The management site (22) includes a receiver (24) for receiving the transmitted at least one of the data and the comparison, a microprocessor (26) coupled to the receiver (24); and a user interface (28) coupled to the microprocessor (26).

Abstract: A device and method for directly measuring the critical temperatures for thermal cracking of asphalt binders. The exemplary comprises a metal ring, a strain gauge attached to the inner surface of the ring, an environmental chamber, one or more signal amplifiers, and a data acquisition system such as a laptop computer running suitable data analysis software. A thermocouple may also be attached to the inside of the tube to closely monitor the ring temperature. A mold that is also a component of the present invention is used to create a circular asphalt binder test specimen. When properly cast the specimen encircles the metal ring. The specimen and ring are placed within the environmental chamber for analysis. Development of thermal stress (induced by temperature reduction within the environmental chamber) within the asphalt binder test specimen is monitored by the strain gauge and the cracking temperature is directly determinable from the strain reading.

Abstract: A method of monitoring a strengthening process of a chemically active material having a liquid phase and a non-liquid phase, the method comprises: (a) continuously measuring at least one physical parameter characterizing the liquid phase; (b) extracting a time-dependence of the at least one physical parameter, so as to identify functional transitions in the time-dependence; and (c) using the functional transitions to determine a strengthening state of the chemically active material; thereby monitoring the strengthening process of the chemically active material.

Abstract: A method of testing and a tester apparatus to determine the axial stress and strain of cements under the temperature and pressures encountered by cement during use in wellbore environments. Using these stress and strain measurements, the Young's Modulus may be established for a material at the encountered temperature and pressure of the wellbore. By combining static tensile strength testing and elasticity measurements of cements, Young's Modulus values for different cement compositions under stresses that are similar to the conditions occurring in an actual wellbore are possible.

Abstract: A method of forecasting strength of a chemically active material while hardening is disclosed. The chemically active material is characterized by at least one physical parameter. The method comprises: (a) measuring the at least one physical parameter over a predetermined time-interval, so as to obtain at least one series of measurements; (b) extracting a predetermined time-dependence of the at least one physical parameter over at least a portion of the predetermined time-interval; and (c) using the predetermined time-dependence of the at least one physical parameter to forecast the strength of the chemically active material at a future time.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for stabilizing the base course of a roadway through steps including admixing an asphalt emulsion and Portland cement with granulated base materials. The base course formed through this process is stronger and less permeable than base materials stabilized with either Portland cement or an asphalt emulsion alone. The method of base stabilization includes the steps of evaluating the base materials, designing a proportional mixture of the base materials and stabilizing agents, and forming a stabilized base course.

Abstract: An apparatus for non-destructively testing the response of a specimen to temperature change. An embodiment temperature cycles a specimen, such as a wet mortar beam, dynamically measuring change in dimension and the temperature of the specimen during the cycle. Among other elements, the apparatus employs an accelerometer, a thermistor, a thermocouple, a temperature controller, linear variable differential transducers (LVDTs), an FFT device, a data logger and a heat tape controller. A typical cycle involves using liquid nitrogen to reduce the temperature in an insulated test chamber from ambient to less than ?60° C. and returning to ambient by dispersing the nitrogen with a source of ambient air. Further, in select embodiments, the apparatus measures fundamental frequencies induced by a micro-hammer as measured transversely along a dimension of a specimen during the cooling-warming cycle. Also provided is a method for testing specimens using devices representative of embodiments of the present invention.

Abstract: It is disclosed a method of detecting and quantifying subsurface defects (10) in an article (1) made of high strength non magnetisable materials after the use in a high temperature environment. A crack (8) or gap on a surface (7) of the article (1) is brazed and after the brazing operation the crack (8) or any remaining braze defect or subsurface crack (10) is detected and quantified by means of a multifrequency eddy current system.

Abstract: An apparatus for determining dynamic mechanical properties of a cement sample. The apparatus includes an isolator located within a cavity defined by a body. The isolator has an attached end that engages the body proximate a narrow end of the cavity. A space between the body and isolator facilitates lateral movement the isolator. A transducer is located in an interior space defined by the isolator. The transducer has an attached end engaging a distal end of the isolator. A space between the isolator and transducer facilitates lateral movement of the transducer distal end. The transducer generates compressional waves and shear waves that travel into the sample. An ultrasonic receiver receives the waves. The waves are separated with filtering. Sample setting time may be determined from propagation time of shear waves through the sample. Compressive strength of the sample is determined by velocity of compressional waves as the sample sets.

Abstract: An unbonded capping system for compression testing of concrete cylinders comprises first and second retaining cups comprising metal blocks each having opposite parallel planar surfaces. A first of the planar surfaces is engageable by a test apparatus, in use. A second of the planar surfaces has a cylindrical cavity of a first select diameter for receiving one end of the concrete cylinder. First and second cylindrical compression pads are each to be received in one of the retaining cup cavities to abut an end of the concrete cylinder, in use. The compression pads are of a second select diameter smaller than the first select diameter of the cavity to define a circumferential space therebetween. Nubs are provided for gripping the cavity to prevent the compression pads from falling out of the cavities.

Abstract: An unbonded capping system is provided for compression testing of grout samples in the form of rectangular prisms. The capping system comprises first and second retaining cups comprising metal blocks each having opposite parallel planar surfaces. A first of the planar surfaces is engagable by a test platen, in use. A second of the planar surfaces has a rectangular cavity for receiving one end of the grout sample. First and second rectangular compression pads each have a hardness in the range of about 50-70 durometer. The compression pads are of a size slightly smaller than a size of the rectangular cavities to be received therein to distribute a test load from the test platens to the grout sample.

Abstract: A system and method for integrating microfluidic components in a microfluidic system enables the microfluidic system to perform a selected microfluidic function. A capping module includes a microfluidic element for performing a microfluidic function. The capping module is stacked on a microfluidic substrate having microfluidic plumbing to incorporate the microfluidic function into the system. The microfluidic element may comprise a matrix having an affinity for selected molecules in a sample. The matrix binds, reacts with and/or retains the selected molecules without affecting other molecules in the sample.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for detection of susceptibility to moisture damage for asphalt mixes. A sample of asphalt mix is placed inside a chamber, which is partially filled with water. An increased air pressure is applied to the chamber. A controlled evacuation of the water from the chamber takes place while the increased pressure is maintained in the chamber. Pressure is released from the chamber and water is returned to the chamber. The cycle is repeated a predetermined number of times. Changes in conductivity and turbidity of the water may be monitored to indicate mixture stripping. When a chosen number of cycles of a pressurized emptying and filling of the chamber is complete, the asphalt sample is removed from the chamber and tested against a controlled sample. The test procedure adapts itself readily to a dual chamber design so that two samples may be tested simultaneously. A vacuum may also be applied to the chamber in addition to pressurizing the chamber.

Abstract: An unbonded capping system is provided for compression testing of grout samples in the form of rectangular prisms. The capping system comprises first and second retaining cups comprising metal blocks each having opposite parallel planar surfaces. A first of the planar surfaces is engagable by a test platen, in use. A second of the planar surfaces has a rectangular cavity for receiving one end of the grout sample. First and second rectangular compression pads each have a hardness in the range of about 50-70 durometer. The compression pads are of a size slightly smaller than a size of the rectangular cavities to be received therein to distribute a test load from the test platens to the grout sample.

Abstract: Microcracking in concrete structures is monitored acoustically. The resulting signals can be used to determine corrosion of metal reinforcing wires or rods, or damage occurring from accident or seismic events.

Abstract: A sine wave electric signal whose frequency continuously varies within a predetermined frequency range is applied to a piezoelectric speaker, whereby a vibration frequency characteristic of the piezoelectric speaker is detected. A change of the frequency characteristic of the piezoelectric speaker when the piezoelectric speaker is brought into contact with concrete filled into a precast concrete form is detected based on the vibration frequency characteristic detected. With this unique feature, a filling status of concrete in the precast concrete form can exactly be detected independently of the hardness of water contained in the concrete and ambient temperature, and even if a temperature difference between air and the concrete is small.

Abstract: Displacement measuring means are fixed onto the structural element. A hole is drilled in the measurement zone and a supply pressure is applied to a flat actuator introduced into the hole. The displacements measured are analyzed as a function of the supply pressure to determine the stress from a supply pressure which roughly compensates for the deformation of the element due to the drilling of the hole. The measuring means comprise two arms that are fixed to the element at two respective anchoring points aligned parallel to a measuring direction, and at least two displacement sensors mounted on the arms on each side of the anchoring points to measure the variations in separation between the anchoring points. The arms leave between them a gap through which the hole is drilled at a central position with respect to the anchoring points.

Abstract: An evaluation device and an evaluation method for detecting quality of concrete structures comprising a conductive impact device, a sensing film, a receiver, an operation device and an auxiliary circuit, the device and the method is characterized by calculating a penetration time of the conductive film before measuring the depth of a crack in the concrete, and the evaluation work which conventionally requires dual receivers only needs now a single receiver for completion of the work. Therefore, cost and works for evaluation and signal analysis are reduced; this largely enhances the evaluation efficiency and technical level.

Abstract: A hollow cylindrical tester uses an inflatable membrane to apply hoop stress to a hollow cylindrical sample. The compact device includes a frame that holds a sample around the inflatable membrane. The membrane is preferably inflated via fluid pressure and the fluid pressure preferably is monitored to determined pressure at critical points in testing procedures. Pressures of fluids within the membrane are also monitored. In a preferred structure, a piston and cylinder pressure injector operatively connected to the membrane is monitored for amount of piston travel and a pressure meter monitors fluid pressure. The preferred structure includes shaped opposing platens to seal the membrane within a cylinder sample being tested, a post failure restraint cylinder, and a cooling fluid bath.

Abstract: Disclosed are a testing apparatus for and a method of measuring thermal stresses of concrete structures. Overcoming the limitations that conventional analytical access techniques have, the apparatus opens a new way to conveniently measure the thermal stress attributable to the heat of hydration generated in concrete structures indoors. Using a material different in coefficient of thermal expansion from concrete, the apparatus can directly measure the change in thermal stress of the concrete which is subjected to internal and/or external confinement. By using various materials, the thermal stress which varies depending on the confinement extent can be inferred. Additionally, an accurate prediction of the thermal stresses generated actually in concrete can be obtained, reflecting unclear physical properties of early-age concrete.