Abstract: In various embodiments, a test head weight compensation device includes at least one constant force spring connected between a test head assembly of the automated test equipment system and a test head supporting structure to apply a constant supportive force to the test head assembly. The at least one constant force spring is mounted to the test head supporting structure with a distal end of the constant force spring is attached to the test head assembly. Alternately, the constant force spring is mounted to the test head assembly with the distal end of the constant force spring connected to the test head supporting structure. The test weight compensation device may include pulleys attached to the supporting structure or the test head assembly with the constant force spring passed through the pulley to multiply the force of the constant force spring.

Abstract: A sensor assembly for use in a surgical procedure is described. The assembly can includes a sensor for implantation into a body part, a sensor cord attached to and extending from the sensor and a handle fastened to the sensor cord. The handle is fastened so that a force can be applied to the sensor cord via the handle. The handle comprises a force indicator to which force applied to the sensor cord is applied and which can provide an indication of the force applied to the sensor cord via the handle.

Abstract: In a tension measuring apparatus, two fixed electrodes (11, 12) are distantly arranged on a single plane, and a movable electrode (32) is disposed parallel to the fixed electrodes to face the fixed electrodes. When a fiber (A) is pressed onto a force receiving portion (70), the movable electrode (32) is rotated around a rotational axis (33P). This changes the distances of the movable electrode (32) from the fixed electrodes (11, 12). The force received by the force receiving portion (70) from the fiber (A) is measured based on changes in the capacitance values of the capacitance elements (C11, C12) constituted by the movable electrode (32) and the respective fixed electrodes (11, 12).

Abstract: A transmission chain comprises has a data collection device mounted on at least one of the links. A strain gauge sensor is mounted on the inwardly facing surface of an outer link plate symmetrically about a centre link thereof and measures the strain on the link plate. The measurements are compared to a threshold and a visual indicator mounted on the chain is activated if the threshold is exceeded. The data collection device can be controlled by a first controller device that simply switches it between a quiescent state to an overload detecting state or a second controller type can be used for data-logging and analysis.

Abstract: A tension measuring apparatus and method for a chain by which tension applied to the chain is correctly and reproducibly measured is disclosed and claimed. A tension measuring method for a chain (10) comprising a pair of right and left inner plates (11), bushes (12) press-fit between the inner plates (11), a pair of right and left outer plates (13) disposed on both outsides of the inner plates (11), connecting pins (14) loosely inserted into the bush (12) and press-fit between the outer plates (13), and connected to each other characterized in that a strain gauge is applied to a position having a relation of a ratio of 1 to 1 between tension applied to the chain and an output of the strain gauge (16).

Abstract: A mobile testing device is adjustable to perform different types of tension tests. The measuring device can conduct tests on components located on the ground or on elevated components. The measuring device can also carry out tensile strength tests on wire cables, slings, and other components. The measuring device can also be used to calibrate weight-indicating devices and instruments that indicate tensile strength. The positioning and movement of the gantry is achieved by using an assembly of hydraulic cylinders. Different working positions can thus be obtained and more than a trivial amount of physical effort is not required to operate the device.

Abstract: Tension within a power transfer system is measured by tension evaluator that includes an actuator, a first sensor, and a second sensor. The actuator applies a first load and a second load to a chain. The chain is moved a first amount of deflection in response to the first load and the chain is moved a second amount of deflection in response to the second load. The first sensor senses an event. A third amount of deflection is associated with the event. The second sensor senses an amount of travel of the chain between the second amount of deflection and the third amount of deflection.

Abstract: A conveyor system includes a conveyor line, a conveyor chain movable along the conveyor line, and an electronic device located at a movable component that moves with the chain along the conveyor line. The electronic device may comprise a locating device operable to generate a locating output indicative of a location of the movable component along the conveyor line. Optionally, the electronic device may comprise a sensing device operable to sense a chain characteristic at the component and to generate a sensor output indicative of the chain characteristic. Data collected by the electronic device may be stored at the device and/or transmitted to a controller of the conveyor line. The controller may be operable to determine the chain characteristic at a particular location of the transmitting device in response to the device output.

Abstract: A device for monitoring the service life of a machine-technical installation includes a sensor module and at least a measuring sensor for detecting stresses and expansions from a structural component of the machine-technical installation, a microcontroller, an antenna arrangement and a current source; the sensor module being in bi-directional connection with a data processing unit and having an antenna arrangement integrated therein, the antenna arrangement including a low-frequency antenna by means of which the sensor module is turned on and off and a high-frequency antenna for sending and receiving high frequency signals and wherein the sensor module can transition from an operating mode into a stand-by mode for energy efficiency and is reactivated through a signal from a detector element.

Abstract: A process for measuring snarling properties of a yarn is provided. Firstly a first and a second point of the yarn are held in close proximity, and a portion of the yarn between the two points is of a predetermined length. A predetermined tension force is temporarily exerted to the portion of the yarn, and simultaneously the portion of the yarn is temporarily restricted from twisting when the tension force is exerted. Then the portion of the yarn is released from the tension force such that the portion of the yarn is able to twist freely so as to form snarls thereon. Thereafter, the snarling properties of the yarn are measured by detecting an amount of the snarls thereby formed.

Abstract: A device adapted for pulling the ends of a continuous chain together, with each chain end including a link, in order to measure the tension in the chain. The device comprises a first straight section, a second straight section, and a third section that is connected to the first straight section to form an L shaped piece. The device also includes a fourth section connected to one of the first and second straight sections to form an L shaped piece, and means for pinning the four sections together, so that the device surrounds the chain end links so that the ends of the chain can be pulled together to measure the tension in the chain.

Abstract: A pin detection system and/or method for detecting a pin or bolt in a section of chain comprises a chain or section of chain having a plurality of chain links connected together by a plurality of pins or bolts or the like. At least one end of at least one of the pins or bolts may have an extension extending longitudinally therefrom. A sensor or detector is provided along a conveying path of the chain for sensing the presence of the pin or bolt and/or extension as the section of chain is conveyed along the conveying path. The sensor provides a signal indicative of a detection of the pin or bolt or extension. A control may control at least one accessory associated with the conveyor system in response to a signal generated by the sensor.

Abstract: This invention provides a method of designing a suitable heat seal width which is more resistant to unsealing than conventional heat-sealing, which involves the steps of; (1) heat-sealing a test piece of a sheet to be heat-sealed at a temperature lower than the fusion temperature of a heat seal portion of the sheet, (2) heat-sealing another test piece of the sheet at a temperature at or higher than the fusion temperature, (3) pulling to peel a heat-sealed portion of each test piece, and measuring the pull strength variation with peel length, (4) calculating the peel energy in various peel length as of the test piece heat-sealed at a temperature lower than the fusion temperature of the heat seal portion of the sheet by integrating the pull strength variation, (5) calculating the peel energy of the test piece heat-sealed at the temperature at or higher than the fusion temperature by integrating the pull strength variation up to rupture at a heat-sealed portion, and (6) setting the heat seal width at a peel leng

Abstract: An apparatus and method for the non-contact measurement of tension in a moving web material are provided herein. In one embodiment the apparatus includes a non-contacting tension-sensing element, such as an airfoil, disposed transverse to the machine direction of the web material at least one sensor capable of detecting a reaction of the non-contacting tension-sensing element to changes in the tension of the moving web material and a data processing system capable of determining a web tension analog value that is proportional to the tension of the web material.

Abstract: Anchor chain load measurement arrangement for measuring the reactive load in structures which support an anchor chain. In one arrangement, standard resistance compression load cells are mounted directly in the load path between a chain retainer and a trunnion block. In another arrangement a non-contact sensor is positioned to measure the deflection of an inner portion of the trunnion block with respect to a supported outer portion of the trunnion block. The non-contact sensor can be based on capacitive, eddy current or optical measurement principles.

Abstract: Apparatus for measuring a plurality of forces acting on a conveyor chain of a conveyor line includes a pre-selected chain link coupled to the conveyor chain, and a sensor array having a plurality of strain gauges disposed on the pre-selected chain link, each of the plurality of strain gauges being distinctly oriented to measure the plurality of forces acting on the pre-selected link.

Abstract: A chain wear measurement system and/or method for determining an amount of wear in a section of chain comprises a chain or section of chain having a plurality of chain links connected together by a plurality of pins or bolts or the like. At least one end of at least one of the pins or bolts may have an extension extending longitudinally therefrom. A sensor is provided along a conveying path of the chain for sensing the presence of the pin or bolt and/or extension as the section of chain is conveyed along the conveying path. The sensor provides a signal indicative of a detection of the pin or pins or bolts. A control may be responsive to the sensor, such as to determine the degree of wear in the section of chain in response to one or more signals from the sensor.

Abstract: An apparatus for proof testing an optical waveguide fiber includes a first capstan defining a first outer diameter and a continuous first capstan belt under tension and in contact with the first outer diameter of the first capstan. The contact between the first capstan belt and the first capstan defining a first arc of contact, and the first capstan belt defining a first width, a first thickness and a first length. The apparatus further includes a second capstan defining a second outer diameter and a continuous second capstan belt under tension and in contact with the outer diameter of the second capstan. The contact between the second capstan belt and the second capstan defining a second arc of contact, second capstan belt defining a second width, second thickness and a second belt length. The first arc of contact being equal to or greater than about 105° and the second arc of contact being at least 20° greater than the first arc of contact.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for the non-contact measurement of tension in a moving web material are provided herein. In one embodiment the apparatus includes a non-contacting tension-sensing element, such as an airfoil, disposed transverse to the machine direction of the web material at least one sensor capable of detecting a reaction of the non-contacting tension-sensing element to changes in the tension of the moving web material and a data processing system capable of determining a web tension analog value that is proportional to the tension of the web material.

Abstract: Apparatus for measuring a plurality of forces acting on a conveyor chain of a conveyor line includes a pre-selected chain link coupled to the conveyor chain, and a sensor array having a plurality of strain gauges disposed on the pre-selected chain link, each of the plurality of strain gauges being distinctly oriented to measure the plurality of forces acting on the pre-selected link.

Abstract: An apparatus for performing a pull test to determine the resistance of a bonded-wire loop extending between two bond contacts on a substrate to tensile force. The apparatus includes a traction hook controllably inserted under the bonded-wire loop, a drive device connected to the hook and generating a tensile force directed substantially perpendicular to the substrate surface, a force-measurement device associated with the hook to detect the tensile force at each moment, and a recording device connected to the force-measurement device in order to record a breaking force value for the bonded-wire connection. The force-measurement device is disposed substantially coaxially with the vector of the tensile force. The apparatus also includes a detector to detect the highest point of bonded-wire loop and a position controller for the automatic positioning of the traction hook and thus the tensile force vector origin substantially adjacent the highest point of the bonded-wire loop.

Abstract: A sensor package which is reliable, low cost, simple, robust, and usable to input additional seat occupant information to an airbag controller to control airbag deployment, and which is insensitive to cross axis loading of a seat belt. A second housing member is internally interfaced with the first housing member, wherein a suspension system frictionlessly suspends the first housing member springably with respect to the second housing member. A pressure sensor is mounted to one of the first and second housings, and a biasing spring is mounted to the other of the first and second housings in axial abutment with the pressure sensor.

Abstract: A tension sensing assembly for a seat restraint system in a vehicle includes a sensor plate adapted to be fixed relative to vehicle structure and a movable anchor plate adapted to be connected to belt webbing and movable relative to the sensor plate. The tension sensing assembly also includes a housing mounted to the sensor plate and a movable actuator disposed in the housing. The tension sensing assembly includes at least one spring disposed between the housing and the actuator. The tension sensing assembly further includes at least one magnet and a Hall effect sensor mounted to either one of the housing and the actuator. The anchor plate has a tab portion extending through the housing and cooperable with the actuator to move the actuator to deflect the at least one spring.

Abstract: A bicycle which comprises as force transmission equipment a chain for transmitting the muscular strength of a person pedaling the bicycle from the person to the bicycle for the purpose of moving the bicycle, characterized in that the chain has a vibration transducer which is arranged to vibrate at a resonance frequency proportional to the force transmitted by the chain, and the bicycle comprises a reading device separate from the chain for reading the resonance frequency of the vibration transducer, to which reading device calculation means are connected for calculating the force affecting the chain on the basis of the resonance frequency.

Abstract: A chain wear measurement system and/or method for determining an amount of wear in a section of chain comprises a chain or section of chain having a plurality of chain links connected together by a plurality of pins or bolts or the like. At least one end of at least one of the pins or bolts may have an extension extending longitudinally therefrom. A sensor is provided along a conveying path of the chain for sensing the presence of the pin or bolt and/or extension as the section of chain is conveyed along the conveying path. The sensor provides a signal indicative of a detection of the pin or pins or bolts. A control may be responsive to the sensor, such as to determine the degree of wear in the section of chain in response to one or more signals from the sensor.

Abstract: A method of computing a belt tension distribution based on a multibody modeling method for the metal pushing V-Belt for CVTs. In order to reduce the complexity of the model, the ring is modeled as a virtual element that exists only as the second order differential equation. The virtual ring concept relies upon the instant locations and orientations of the blocks to compute total length, local bending, block-to-ring friction distribution, and friction-induced tension distribution of the ring. Simulation results show a good agreement with experimental results both in ring tension distribution and block compression distribution along the belt.

Abstract: A taut wire sensor includes an actuator that is movably coupled to a housing. The actuator includes a taut wire terminal. The actuator has two contacts that are maintained in a spaced apart orientation by the mating of parts, which are held in place by a spring element. The actuator deforms when force is applied to the taut wire terminal of the sensor. When the actuator deform, an electrical connection is made between the two contacts to produce an alarm indication by the sensor. The orientation of the actuator is maintained by the mating of parts which are also held by a spring element. One of the contacts in the actuator is a flexible contact pin that is adapted to bend when high force is applied to the taut wire terminal. The sensor housing also includes a movement limiter that overcomes a weakness in prior sensors which employ compensating flowable materials to adjust sensor position.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for monitoring and measuring the load in a sailboat's rigging components. A rigging component such as a turnbuckle is modified to incorporate a sensing element, such as a strain gage. Strain gages are bonded and wired into a measuring circuit. The strain gage measures the strain under a load and generates an electrical signal that is directly proportional to the tension load. The load is then monitored and/or displayed using standard data acquisition equipment. The strain gage also identifies loose rigging such as may happen with shrouds which are subject to sudden high loading with movement of the boat and allows the operator to tighten that shroud or other piece of rigging.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for monitoring and measuring the load in a sailboat's rigging components. A rigging component such as a turnbuckle is modified to incorporate a sensing element, such as a strain gage. Strain gages are bonded and wired into a measuring circuit. The strain gage measures the strain under a load and generates an electrical signal that is directly proportional to the tension load. The load is then monitored and/or displayed using standard data acquisition equipment. The strain gage also identifies loose rigging such as may happen with shrouds which are subject to sudden high loading with movement of the boat and allows the operator to tighten that shroud or other piece of rigging.

Abstract: A chain tension monitoring apparatus and method includes a conveyor drive having a fixed frame and a floating frame. The floating frame supports a conveyor drive unit and is biased against the fixed frame by a compression spring to oppose forces generated by the conveyor drive operation. A force sensor is mounted to the floating frame to sense chain pull applied thereto. A pre-compression load is applied to the force sensor and chain pull is monitored as a function of the pre-compression load and actual load sensed by the force sensor.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining a tension of a track on an earthworking machine, the track having a front catenary portion and a rear catenary portion. The method and apparatus includes determining a direction of motion of the earthworking machine, determining a value of tension of the front catenary portion in response to determining the direction of motion of the earthworking machine to be in a forward direction, and determining a value of tension of the rear catenary portion in response to determining the direction of motion of the earthworking machine to be in a reverse direction.

Abstract: A drag setting device is provided for setting a desired drag on a fishing line. The drag setting device includes a cable, line, or other fastening member which can be attached to a fishing line of a fishing rod and reel. The drag setting device further includes a pulling member for pulling the fishing line towards the drag setting device, a first actuator for selecting the amount of tension applied by the drag setting device to the fishing line, and a second actuator for causing the drag setting device to apply the selected tension to the fishing line. In use, the drag setting device is mounted to a stationary object such as a work bench or a gunnel of a boat. The end of a fishing line is then attached to the cable, line or other fastening member of the fishing rod and reel. Then, as one person holds the fishing line, the drag setting device pulls against the fishing line until the selected tension is reached. The drag on the fishing line is then set utilizing the conventional mechanisms on the rod and reel.

Abstract: A Villari effect seatbelt tension sensor 10 comprises a sensor housing 30 having a sensor chamber 32 therein. A first end 34 of the sensor housing 30 has a plurality of pull rod holes 36 therein for acceptance of a plurality of pull rods 60. A Villari effect sensor 20 comprising a magnetostrictive sensor rod 22 is disposed axially within the sensor chamber 32 and abuts the first end 34 of the sensor housing 30. A plunger 40 is disposed within the sensor chamber 32 and is slidably movable therein. One end of the pull rods 60 is secured to the plunger 40. A spring 50 is disposed between the plunger 40 and a second end 26 of the sensor rod 22 to bias the sensor rod 22 toward the first end 34 of the sensor housing 30.

Abstract: A wire-bonding machine includes a heat block for supporting a lead frame during wire-bonding. A clamp mechanism in the machine clamps leads of the lead frame during wire-bonding by fixedly holding sets of the leads against the heat block one set at a time. A wire-bonding tool wire-bonds leads clamped by the clamp mechanism to bond pads on an integrated circuit die. By clamping leads of the lead frame in separate sets, the machine provides improved clamping for lead frames with leads requiring clamping in different planes.

Abstract: Mounted within the measuring section (10) formed by two clamping devices (2, 4) are measuring rollers (8, 9) which deflect the test material (10). The deflection results in a force couple (P, P′) and a resultant force (R). The resultant force (R) is transferred into a load cell (3) via a link (6). This arrangement enables the clamping devices (2, 4) and the load cell (3) to be mounted separately. The measuring rollers (8, 9) are equipped with incremental transducers (19, 20) by means of which the clamp slippage (&Dgr;1) creeping out of the clamping faces of the clamping devices (2, 4) and the extension of the test material sections (10′, 10″) are measured.

Abstract: A chain wear indicator measures the wear in a chain to determine if the chain needs to be replaced. The chain wear indicator includes a body portion with a first end, a second end and first and second sides extending between the first and second ends. The first side of the body portion measures a first predetermined amount of wear in the chain, while the second side of the body portion determines if a new chain is defective. Alternatively, the second side of the body portion measures a second predetermined amount of wear in the chain. Each side of the body portion has three protrusions. The first protrusion extends from the first end of the body portion and has a first roller engaging surface facing in a first direction. The second protrusion extends from the middle of the body portion and has a second roller engaging surface facing in a second direction which is substantially opposite the first direction.

Abstract: A system for applying a predetermined proof load to a control cable and measuring the resultant cable length thereof includes a motor (32) which, under the control of a controller (14) drives an actuator (28) which, in turn, controllably displaces an end fixture (26). The exact distance moved by the end fixture (26) is monitored by an encoder (34) and a load cell (27) monitors actual loading on a cable under test. A home position sensor (30) provides input to the controller (14) to indicate whether or not the end fixture (26) is homed to its reference position. During cable testing, the fixed end of the cable is fixedly attached to a predetermined position in a channel (20). The free end of the cable is then attached to the end fixture (26). The controller (14) actuates the motor (32) to thereby provide a predetermined proof load profile to the cable under test. At the end of the proof loading test, the controller (14) determines, via the encoder (34), the distance L.sub.

Abstract: Disclosed is a fiber testing apparatus which permits creep and strength testing of one or more fibers in a controlled environment, including a vacuum, at high temperatures. Components of the fiber tester provide for accurate measurement of the effects on the fiber(s) being tested when exposed to a chosen environment. The fiber tester includes a furnace system, fiber testing system, a fixed sample, a environmental control system, a mass flow control system, a Computer Data Acquisition and Control (CDAC) system, and a support system. Most of these systems are contained in a test chamber which is part of the environmental control system. These systems of the fiber tester allow various types of mechanical tests to be performed on one or more fibers under a variety of environmental conditions not previously achievable.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and arrangement for levelling out tension variation of an optical fibre when the fibre is wound on or off a reel, the basic tension of the fibre being provided by means of a dancer. To allow tension to be rapidly levelled out, the fibre is arranged to be deflected between two support and guide means by means of a transverse jet of a gaseous medium generated by a nozzle means mounted in a transverse position in relation to the direction of travel of the fibre.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a strap tension measurement device (10) that facilitates measuring of the tension in straps, especially straps that have been installed in a manufactured home stabilizing system. The device generally includes a body portion (12) and a strap engagement portion (14). The body portion is typically formed from thick metallic plate material such as steel plating and includes an elongated indicator portion (18) that is used to indicate to the operator the position at which the measurement is to be taken. The strap engagement portion includes upper (26) and lower (28) strap abutment members that together form a narrow slot (30) that is sized and shaped for receipt of a strap to be tested. The measurement device typically is used in conjunction with a force measurement tool, such as a conventional torque wrench, that connects to the strap tension measurement device at a connection aperture (16) formed in the body portion.

Abstract: A saw blade (10), in particular for band saws, is moved through a measuring path and a rolling path in a direction of travel (A) which essentially corresponds to its longitudinal direction, with two marginal regions of the saw blade (10) being supported on the measuring path-and held down in a start portion and an end portion of same and thus being held in a common reference plane which contains the direction of travel (A) and the saw blade (10) being lifted above the reference plane by a supporting force which is exerted only in the central area of the measuring path.

Abstract: A fixture for use with a wire pull tester that tests the strength of a bond between an electrical contact of a semiconductor device and a wire affixed to the electrical contact. The fixture comprises a device support, a mounting surface provided on the device support, and a port provided at the mounting surface. The device support may include a height adjustment mechanism. The mounting surface may be configured to engage a surface of the semiconductor device and includes a port with which an air pressure differential is produced to maintain engagement between the mounting surface and the semiconductor device surface.

Abstract: A vehicle safety belt test apparatus and method is described. The apparatus is comprised of a frame which is adapted to be positioned on a seat of a vehicle and disposed to distribute pressure substantially evenly on the seat. One or more pistons are secured to the frame and to a seat belt support curved member. The support curved member is adapted to receive opposed free ends of two spaced-apart seat belt portions of a seat belt thereover with a buckle of the seat belt securing the opposed free ends together. The seat belt portions are secured at a securing end to a frame of a vehicle. A pressure control device is provided to actuate the pistons to displace the seat belt support member relative to the frame whereby to exert a predetermined force on the seat belt portions to test the restraining strength of the seat belt.

Abstract: In the method a force F.sub.M is measured which has substantially the same magnitude over the pivotal range depending on the path of the warp and on the geometrical arrangement of the deflection member, of the tensioning member and of the pivot axis.The tension of the warp can thereby be substantially correctly determined independently of the position of the tensioning member by measurement of the force F.sub.M, and the measured value can be directly incorporated into the regulation of the warp let-off.

Abstract: A rope tension measuring apparatus for measuring rope tension of a plurality of main ropes that suspend an elevator car and a counterweight and adjustment quantities of tension adjusting springs for the main ropes. The apparatus comprises a portable measuring device comprising traveling-wave detector means directly attached to the elevator main rope for detecting a traveling wave that is generated by applying an instantaneous displacement to the main rope, traveling-wave passage velocity computing means for measuring the passage velocity of the traveling wave, rope tension computing means for computing the rope tension based on the passage velocity, spring adjustment quantity computing means for computing a spring adjustment quantity for the rope tension adjusting springs, and output means for outputting these computed results, based on the variation of passage velocities of the plurality of main ropes.

Abstract: A device for measuring the bonding load of the bonding arm of a bonding machine including a frame body, a screw shaft rotatably installed in the frame body, a turning member for turning the screw shaft by hand, a screw assembly screw-engaged on the screw shaft so as to be movable on the screw shaft when the screw shaft is rotated, a slider connected to the screw assembly, a gauge holder provided on the slider for installing a tension gauge, a lifting member attached to the tension gauge so that the engagement part of the lifting member can engage with the bonding arm, and a mounting assembly for mounting the frame body to the wire bonding machine.

Abstract: A novel pull strength tester is incorporated into an automatic wire bonder for performing pull strength tests during production bonding operation. The pull strength tester is provided with a control for automatically applying increments of pull force on a fine wire after making a bond. The control senses the elongation of the fine wire as a result of the force applied and is capable of terminating the pull test at a predetermined threshold value or continuing to increase the force until a break occurs. After each increase in force, a continuity circuit determines if the wire has broken at the bond or the bond has lifted off the bonding target. The system employs the information to determine if a proper bond was made and/or if a short tail was made which could affect the subsequent attempt to form a proper ball for a subsequent first bond.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for automatically and accurately monitoring the wear of a continuous conveyor chain without having to stop the chain. The present invention provides first and sensors means fixedly spaced along the conveyor chain at a predetermined distance. The first and second sensors generate signals corresponding to the presence and absence of successive links provided in the conveyor chain. The generated signals are received and processed and the necessary time intervals are calculated for providing an output indicative of chain wear of any portion of the chain several parameters of chain wear may be calculated, including chain stretch and instantaneous chain speed. The calculated chain wear values may be compared to predetermined values previously input and stored, and if the calculated values exceed the predetermined values, an indicator means indicates that the conveyor chain should be serviced.

Abstract: For tying a compressed bale tending to expand primarily along a major axis, a bale tie made preferably from steel wire or alternatively from steel strap is bent to form two marcelled portions, which are characterized by sinusoidal undulations, which are oriented so as to be generally parallel to the major axis, and along which the tie can straighten to absorb tensile forces. A joint is formed at the opposite ends of the tie. Where bent to form the marcelled portions, the tie has an ultimate strength less than the ultimate strength of an undeformed portion of the tie but more than the ultimate strength of the joint. An apparatus for forming a wire with a marcelled portion comprises upper rolls and lower rolls, which are rotatably mounted and respectively on an upper block and a lower block. The upper block is pivotally mounted upon to the lower block.

Abstract: A tensiometer engages an elongated test member at three spacially displaced points, the intermediate point being defined by a fulcrum about which the member is bent by application of a known spring force to the member at one of the other points. The spring force is coupled to the test member via a movable member which moves in a substantially frictionless manner.