Abstract: An absolute thickness distribution cannot be accurately calculated with a conventional technique. A sensor device is provided that includes a plurality of magnetic sensors arranged to face an outer circumference surface of a pipeline and ultrasonic sensors arranged to face the outer circumference surface and measure a thickness of the pipeline in a measurement region in which the plurality of magnetic sensors measure a magnetic field, the ultrasonic sensors being less than the plurality of magnetic sensors.

Abstract: A method for putting into operation and/or checking an ultrasonic, flow measuring point using a service unit, wherein the service unit has a display unit and a camera, wherein the measuring point includes a pipeline for conveying a medium and at least one ultrasonic transducer, includes identifying the measuring point vis a vis the service unit; ascertaining settable parameters based on the identity of the measuring point; registering geometric data of at least one part of the measuring point by means of the camera; analyzing registered geometric data and deriving at least one parameter value for at least one of the parameters to be set based on the analytical result and the identity; ascertaining at least one optimum mounting position based at least on the derived parameter value; and mounting an ultrasonic transducer at one of the ascertained optimum mounting positions.

Abstract: A diagnostic system includes one or more blood flow sensors adapted to contact but not penetrate the skin of the pedal arch and aligned with blood vessels of the pedal arch. Readings from the blood flow sensors are transformed into blood flow acceleration times, and the blood flow acceleration times are used to identify a blood flow pathology.

Abstract: A MEMS device for detecting particulate and gases in the air, comprising: a first semiconductor body; a second semiconductor body with a first surface facing a first surface of the first semiconductor body; and a first spacer element and a second spacer element, which extend between the first surfaces of the semiconductor bodies so as to arrange them at a distance apart from one another and define a first duct. The MEMS device further comprises at least one of the following: a first particulate sensor comprising a first emitter unit for generating acoustic waves in the first duct, and a first particulate-detection unit for detecting the particulate, the first emitter unit and the first particulate-detection unit facing one another through the first duct; and a first gas sensor, which faces the first duct and is configured to detect said gases in the air present in the first duct.

Abstract: A system for observing a flow characteristic of a fluid is provided. The system comprises a nadir-facing sensor, an angle flow sensor, and processing circuitry. The nadir-facing sensor and the angle flow sensor are both provided at a distance above the fluid, and the nadir-facing sensor and the angle flow sensor are both Multiple-Input Multiple-Output phase radar sensors. The processing circuitry is configured to receive sensor data from the nadir-facing sensor and the angle flow sensor, the sensor data includes at least one of a fluid speed or a fluid surface level, and the processing circuitry is configured to determine the flow characteristic based upon the sensor data.

Abstract: An ultrasonic flowmeter includes a measuring tube, a first transducer pair including first and second ultrasonic transducers, and a second transducer pair including third and fourth ultrasonic transducers. Each ultrasonic transducer is an ultrasonic transmitter and/or an ultrasonic receiver. The first transducer pair is on the measuring tube offset such that the respective transmitter transmits an ultrasonic signal in or against the direction of flow, and the receiver receives the ultrasonic signal. A course of the ultrasonic signal between the first and second ultrasonic transducers defines a first signal path. The second transducer pair is on the measuring tube offset such that the respective transmitter transmits an ultrasonic signal in or against the direction of flow. The receiver receives the ultrasonic signal transmitted by the transmitter. A course of the ultrasonic signal between the third and fourth ultrasonic transducers defines a second signal path.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatuses are provided for detecting conditions associated with a fluid conduit. An apparatus includes an insert having an internal conduit to connect with the fluid conduit and a plenum volume, and a detection device including a housing connected to the insert within the plenum volume, an acoustic sensor to receive acoustic signals, an acoustic exciter to apply acoustic signals to the housing, and a controller. The controller is electrically connected to the acoustic sensor and the acoustic exciter. The controller is configured to cause the acoustic exciter to apply an input acoustic signal to the housing, receive the acoustic signals from the housing using the acoustic sensor, analyze the received acoustic signals to determine a pipe condition of a pipe defining the fluid conduit or fluidically connected to the fluid conduit, and cause data representative of the pipe condition to be transmitted to an external device.

Abstract: Methods are described for receiving from a device at a server device resource dispensing system usage information and settings and sending from the server device ecorank information, wherein the ecorank information is derived from a comparison of usage of resource dispensing systems controlled by the device in comparison to a comparison group, the comparison group comprising other resource dispensing systems controlled by other devices. The comparison group is determined based on profile information describing the dwelling, dwelling size, dwelling location, dwelling occupants, resource dispensing system technology, and related information. In some embodiments, the ecorank information may be one or more of a numerical score, percentage, graphic, icon, color, letter, and an audio item. In some embodiments, the energy consumed by the resource dispensing systems may be reported by an associated energy measurement device or estimated by heating and cooling usage hours.

Abstract: A flow-rate measuring apparatus transmits and receives a measurement signal between first and second transducers through a fluid inside a pipe, the measurement signal having a plurality of frequencies and a time length. The flow-rate measuring apparatus calculates a correlation coefficient between a reference signal corresponding to the transmitted measurement signal, and the received measurement signal. The flow-rate measuring apparatus calculates a flow rate of the fluid inside the pipe based on the measurement signal, when a peak value of the correlation coefficient is higher than a threshold. The flow-rate measuring apparatus retransmits the measurement signal with changing at least one of the frequency and the time length of the measurement signal, when the peak value of the correlation coefficient is equal to or lower than the threshold.

Abstract: Systems and methods for ultrasound shear wave elastography (SWE) are described. According to examples, an ultrasound SWE system includes an ultrasound probe (120), an actuation assembly (130) coupled to the probe and configured to apply an external force against a subject for generating a shear wave within a target region, a controller (140) coupled to the actuation assembly to control the actuation assembly to apply the force responsive to a trigger signal, and ultrasound scanner (110) configured to generate the trigger signal, and further configured to generate an elastography image based at least in part on echo signals received from the target region.

Abstract: Devices, systems, and methods for the localization of body lumen junctions and other intraluminal structure are disclosed. Various embodiments permit clinicians to identify and locate lesions and/or anatomical structures within a lumen and accurately place leads and/or devices within a lumen, through determining the intralumen conductance and/or cross-sectional area at a plurality of locations within the body lumen.

Abstract: Nonlinear ultrasound imaging systems and methods are disclose. In one aspect, a nonlinear ultrasound imaging system includes a first transducer configured to transmit a first ultrasound signal along a scan line, a second transducer configured to sweep a second ultrasound signal along the scan line such that the first and second ultrasound signals intersect at a plurality of voxels, and a third transducer configured to receive echoes associated with interactions of the first and second ultrasound signals at the plurality of voxels. The nonlinear ultrasound imaging system further includes a processor configured to generate an ultrasound image based on the echoes.

Abstract: A measuring device, in particular a flow meter, has a measurement tube for receiving or conveying a fluid, first and second oscillation transducers on a side wall of the measurement tube, and a control device. An operating method has the control device drive the first oscillation transducer chronologically in succession for respective mode-selective excitation of a first and a second oscillation mode of a wave conducted in the side wall of the measurement tube. The second oscillation transducer is driven similarly for a second measurement direction. The excited waves are conducted directly in the side wall or indirectly through the fluid and recorded in the other oscillation transducer, resulting in measurement data for each measurement direction and oscillation mode. Result information relates to a property of the fluid or a state of the measuring device determined from the measurement data for both measurement directions and both respective oscillation modes.

Abstract: Methods and systems for configuring a fluid flow meter include a processor obtaining a measurement signal recorded by the fluid flow meter. The processor can determine a whitening frequency band. The processor can then construct a whitening filter based on the measurement signal and the whitening frequency band. The processor can then generate a reference signal based on the whitening filter and the measurement signal. The processor can provide the whitening filter and the reference signal for use by the fluid flow meter to measure a time shift between the reference signal and another measurement signal.

Abstract: A measurement apparatus includes a sensor probe and a circuit housing. The sensor probe is insertable through an opening provided in a flow path wall of a flow path through which a fluid to be measured flows and is used in a predetermined orientation relative to the flow direction of the fluid to be measured. The circuit housing includes a display, disposed outside of the flow path, and connects to the sensor probe. The circuit housing is fixable at a plurality of rotation positions relative to the sensor probe about an axis along the insertion direction of the sensor probe. The measurement apparatus allows the display direction of the display to be selected regardless of the orientation of the sensor probe.

Abstract: A method of processing a signal pertaining to at least one electrical property of an organ of a subject is disclosed. The method comprises determining a physiological condition of the subject, selecting a frequency band, filtering the signal according to the frequency band, and dynamically adapting the frequency band in response to a change in the physiological condition.

Abstract: A measuring tube, especially a measuring tube for an ultrasonic, flow measuring device, which measuring tube has a measuring tube wall and at least in certain regions a basic form with rotational symmetry or polygonal cross section and a straight measuring tube axis. The measuring tube includes at least one functional area for positioning a reflector, on which an acoustic signal is reflected on a signal path, and the functional area is formed integrally from the measuring tube wall. The functional area defines in at least one sectional view a circular segment, which serves as support for a reflector or the functional areas has stops, whose distal ends define in at least one sectional view a circular segment, which serves as support for a reflector, as well as an ultrasonic, flow measuring device and a method for manufacture of a measuring tube.

Abstract: Nonlinear ultrasound imaging systems and methods are disclose. In one aspect, a nonlinear ultrasound imaging system includes a first transducer configured to transmit a first ultrasound signal along a scan line, a second transducer configured to sweep a second ultrasound signal along the scan line such that the first and second ultrasound signals intersect at a plurality of voxels, and a third transducer configured to receive echoes associated with interactions of the first and second ultrasound signals at the plurality of voxels. The nonlinear ultrasound imaging system further includes a processor configured to generate an ultrasound image based on the echoes.

Abstract: A flow meter detects a flow rate of a fluid. The flow meter includes a housing having a flow passage, through which the fluid can be guided from an inlet opening of the housing to an outlet opening of the housing, a measuring tube, which is inserted into the flow passage and constricts the flow cross section in one section of the flow passage, and a holding device, by which the measuring tube is retained on the housing. A respective flow straightener having at least one aperture through which the fluid can flow is arranged between the inlet opening and the measuring tube and/or between the measuring tube and the outlet opening. The flow straightener is configured as a separate component part, which is secured on the holding device by a form-locking or force-locking connection.

Abstract: An ultrasonic flowmeter is provided with at least one measuring tube having at least one recess. Disposed in the recess are at least a first ultrasonic transducer and a second ultrasonic transducer, wherein the first ultrasonic transducer is designed as an ultrasonic transmitter and/or as an ultrasonic receiver and the second ultrasonic transducer is designed as an ultrasonic transmitter and/or as an ultrasonic receiver. Further disposed in the recess is at least one reflection surface. The first and second ultrasonic transducers are arranged on the measuring tube such that the measuring path between the first and the second ultrasonic transducers comprises at least one reflection at the reflecting surface. The provision of the reflection surface in the recess provides an ultrasonic flowmeter with which the flow profile can be easily measured, especially in the edge region.

Abstract: A method of assessing status of a biological tissue includes irradiating an electromagnetic signal, via a probe, into a biological tissue. The irradiated electromagnetic signal is received after being scattered/reflected by the biological tissue. Blood flow information pertaining to the biological tissue is provided, and the received signal is analyzed based at least upon the provided blood flow information and upon knowledge of electromagnetic signal differences in normal, suspicious, and abnormal tissue. Using a dielectric properties reconstruction algorithm, dielectric properties of the biological tissue are reconstructed based at least upon results of the analyzing step and upon blood flow information, and using a tissue properties reconstruction algorithm, tissue properties of the biological tissue are reconstructed based at least in part upon results of the reconstructing step and upon blood flow information.

Abstract: The flowmeter having at least one measuring tube and having at least one inlet element, wherein the inlet element is connected to the at least one measuring tube and is arranged before the at least one measuring tube in respect to flow direction. The flowmeter that is also suitable for the verification of erosive media is achieved in that at least one inflow element is provided, wherein the inflow element is arranged at least partly within the inlet element and wherein the inflow element is detachably connectable to the inlet element.

Abstract: A gas meter includes meter body that has internal space, meter inlet into which a fluid flows, meter outlet from which the fluid flows out, and shielding plate that is located with a predetermined distance from an opening portion of meter inlet. In addition, the gas meter includes flow rate measurer that measures a flow rate of the fluid, and connection member that connects outlet of flow rate measurer and meter outlet to each other. Furthermore, meter inlet, shielding plate, flow rate measurer, connection member, and meter outlet are linearly located in this order.

Abstract: An embodiment provides a method for measuring a fluid parameter of fluid flowing in a channel, including: transmitting, using a transmitter of a device, directed energy carrying a signal toward a surface of a fluid in a fluid channel, so as to produce one or more reflections from the fluid surface; detecting, by at least one receiver of the device, one or more received signals associated with the one or more reflections so produced; and determining, based upon a measurement beam comprising characteristics of the transmitted and received signals, a fluid parameter to be measured using a processor of the device; wherein, a measurement beam characteristic is adjusted based on a distance from the device to the fluid surface. Other embodiments are described and claimed.

Abstract: Elements of a single beam-forming array of ultrasonic transducer elements are selectively activated to direct two or more ultrasonic beams to a series of acoustic mirrors mounted to or fabricated at known locations at an inside surface of the pipe. The ultrasonic beams traverse measurement path segments at known angles through a fluid flowing through the pipe before being received back at the single transducer array. Fluid flow velocity along the fluid flow path is calculated as a function of a difference in time-of-flight (TOF) along first and second ultrasonic beam paths after subtracting TOF components contributed by known-length non-measurement path segments. The difference in TOF results from an additive downstream fluid flow velocity vector component along a first measurement path segment and a subtractive upstream fluid flow velocity vector component along a second measurement path segment.

Abstract: Provided is a sensor operative to track changes in a liquid level of a hand-held liquid container, the sensor comprising: an ultrasonic liquid-level sensor configured to indicate a liquid level of a liquid in a hand-held liquid container, wherein the ultrasonic liquid-level sensor is capable of indicating the liquid level when the surface of the liquid is less than 20 centimeters away from the ultrasonic liquid-level sensor; a radio transmitter; and a processor configured to draw power from a portable power source, receive liquid-level indications from the ultrasonic liquid-level sensor, and cause the radio transmitter to transmit data indicative of changes in the liquid level.

Abstract: A flow rate measurement device is configured to measure a flow rate of a gas flowing inside of a pipeline, and includes an ultrasonic transducer installed so as to be in contact with the pipeline, and a flow rate calculation part configured to calculate the flow rate of the gas according to a result of reception of ultrasonic wave from the ultrasonic transducer, wherein the ultrasonic transducer includes an ultrasonic oscillation part configured to emit the ultrasonic wave toward the inside of the pipeline and an ultrasonic reception part configured to receive the ultrasonic wave, and at least the ultrasonic oscillation part has a focusing part configured to focus the ultrasonic wave on a center of the pipeline.

Abstract: This system for measuring a flow rate includes a receiver of bulk acoustic waves, a first emitter of bulk acoustic waves in the fluid, intended to be arranged upstream of the receiver in such a way as to emit acoustic waves to the receiver, a second emitter of bulk acoustic waves in the fluid, intended to be arranged downstream of the receiver in such a way as to emit acoustic waves to the receiver, and a signal processing device designed to determine a flow rate value according to at least one characteristic of an electrical signal supplied by the receiver. It further includes an element for synchronizing the first and second emitters with each other in such a way as to generate destructive acoustic interferences between the acoustic waves that they emit before they are received by the receiver.

Abstract: There is described a method for remotely monitoring an exhaust plume emitted by an exhaust stack, the method comprising: determining a velocity of a flow of the exhaust plume at an output of the exhaust stack, the exhaust plume comprising one molecule; propagating a first light within the exhaust plume, the first light being propagated in close proximity to the output of the exhaust stack; detecting a second light emitted by the exhaust plume and measuring an energy of the second light, the second light resulting from an interaction of the first light with the exhaust plume; and determining a mass emission rate of the at least one molecule using the measured energy of the detected second light, the velocity, and a surface area of the exhaust plume at the output of the exhaust stack, the surface area being orthogonal to a direction of the flow of the exhaust plume.

Abstract: A survey system including a multibeam echo sounder having a projector array and a hydrophone array in a Mills Cross arrangement uses a multicomponent message to ensonify one or more fans to estimate a Doppler velocity.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of operating an ultrasonic flow meter by digitally sampling received signals. Acoustic wave packets are transmitted through a measuring distance in opposite directions, and the received signals are digitized at a sampling frequency being below the Nyquist-limit of two times the signal frequency of the wave packet to generate digitized under-sampled signals 31. From the digitized under-sampled signals, the difference in propagation time along the measuring distance is determined.

Abstract: The invention concerns an ultrasonic transducer, comprising a coupling element which has a first recess, the first recess being provided for the arrangement of a piezoelectric element which feeds an ultrasound signal into the coupling element, and there being disposed between the piezoelectric element and the coupling element an intermediate layer which comprises a metal disc, the metal disc comprising retaining elements (a) each with a first segment lying on the same plane as the metal disc and projecting radially from the perimeter of the metal disc and (b) each having a second segment which adjoins the first segment, projects from the plane of the metal plate and is connected to the first segment.

Abstract: Combined blood flow and blood pressure measurements are used for the calculation of central vascular blood flow parameters. Blood flow measurements may be made simultaneously with arterial pressure measured either centrally or peripherally and central venous pressure for the monitoring of human subjects. A combined blood flow and blood pressure measurement device for hemodynamic monitoring may include a Doppler ultrasound probe utilizing a continuous wave or pulse wave ultrasound beam for the measurement of blood flow in the aorta, combined with arterial pressure measurement, or signal input from a suitable pressure transducer system from one of either the radial, brachial, dorsalis pedis or femoral artery. The ultrasound probe may comprise either an esophageal or suprasternal ultrasound probe, while the blood pressure measurement may be either an electronic transducer blood pressure sphygmomanometer on the arm, or a finger cot infrared light optical pulse detector.

Abstract: A system for measuring an RF input signal frequency includes a sampling optical pulse train with a frequency-dithered repetition-rate, and a sub-sampled analog link coupled to the optical pulse train whereby the RF input signal frequency is determined. This frequency dither imparts well-characterized modulation sidebands onto the input RF signal to be measured. By measuring the amplitude of these sidebands relative to the incoming aliased signal amplitude the frequency of the original signal is readily determined. The use of optical sampling dramatically increases the bandwidth over which the disambiguation technique is applied, and coarse disambiguation is achieved in a single acquisition.

Abstract: An improved pump, reservoir and reservoir piston are provided for controlled delivery of fluids. A motor is operably coupled to a drive member, such as a drive screw, which is adapted to advance a plunger slide in response to operation of the motor. The plunger slide is removably coupled to the piston. A method, system, and an article of manufacture for automatically detecting an occlusion in a medication infusion pump is provided. The electrical current to an infusion pump is measured. Based on measurements of one or more variables, the infusion pump detects whether there is an occlusion in the system. The methods of detecting occlusions may be dynamic.

Abstract: An improved pump, reservoir and reservoir piston are provided for controlled delivery of fluids. A motor is operably coupled to a drive member, such as a drive screw, which is adapted to advance a plunger slide in response to operation of the motor. The plunger slide is removably coupled to the piston. A method, system, and an article of manufacture for automatically detecting an occlusion in a medication infusion pump is provided. The electrical current to an infusion pump is measured. Based on measurements of one or more variables, the infusion pump detects whether there is an occlusion in the system. The methods of detecting occlusions may be dynamic.

Abstract: A method for characterizing ultrasound scatterers in a medium comprising providing ultrasound data representing a region of interest comprising a plurality of scatterers in a medium, the plurality of scatterers including clusters of scatterer sub-units, the scatterers having a physical property value to be estimated and the scatterer sub-units having at least one known physical parameter value; modelling the ultrasound data using an at least second order function of a spatial organization parameter defining the spatial organization of the scatterers; and estimating the physical property value of the scatterers from the modelled ultrasound data and the at least one known physical parameter of the sub-units by a regression of the spatial organization parameter as a function of frequency. A system for characterizing ultrasound scatterers is also included.

Abstract: A system and method for ultrasonic flow metering. In one embodiment, an ultrasonic flow metering system includes a plurality of ultrasonic flowmeters. Each of the ultrasonic flowmeters includes a flow processor. The flow processor is configured to maintain a plurality of velocity bins, each of the bins corresponding to a flow velocity range for the flowmeters. The flow processor is also configured to maintain, within each of the bins, a value indicative of past average velocity of fluid flow through a given one of the flowmeters associated with a given one of the bins. The flow processor is further configured to determine, responsive to one of the flowmeters having failed, an estimated average fluid flow velocity through the system based on the values maintained within the bins.

Abstract: An ultrasound device including a main processing unit, a probe part, an array, and an apodization unit that receives an ultrasound signal from the array, the signal having multiple channels, that determines a weight for each channel based on an apodization profile being one of ring-centered and edge-centered, and that multiplies the received ultrasound signal by the determined weight for each channel. The array includes a first area including a first plurality of elements having a first functionality, a second area including a second plurality of elements having a second functionality, and a third area including a third plurality of elements having a third functionality different from the first functionality. The second area further includes a fourth area having a number of elements that are switchable between the second and third types of functionality. The array also includes a dynamic spot including the third and fourth areas.

Abstract: A method of retrofitting an orifice meter includes providing an orifice fitting body having a bore, an orifice plate, a plurality of tap holes, and a plurality of pressure sensors installed in the plurality of tap holes. The method further includes removing the orifice plate and the plurality of pressure sensors from the orifice fitting body and installing a plurality of transducers into the plurality of tap holes. At least one of the plurality of transducers is configured to generate a signal and at least one of the plurality of transducers is configured to receive the signal. Additionally, the method includes measuring a flow rate of a fluid flowing through the bore based on an output of each of the plurality of transducers.

Abstract: An ultrasonic flow sensor for use in a fluid medium is described. The ultrasonic flow sensor includes at least two ultrasonic converters which are situated in a flow tube offset relative to one another, longitudinally with respect to a flow of the fluid medium. The ultrasonic flow sensor also includes a reflection surface, the ultrasonic converters being set up to exchange ultrasonic signals via simple reflection on the reflection surface. In addition, a deflection device is provided between the ultrasonic converters which is set up to essentially suppress parasitic ultrasonic signals, which are reflected from the reflection surface and which strike the deflection device, by deflection away from the ultrasonic converters.

Abstract: A method of retrofitting an orifice meter includes providing an orifice fitting body having a bore, an orifice plate, a plurality of tap holes, and a plurality of pressure sensors installed in the plurality of tap holes. The method further includes removing the orifice plate and the plurality of pressure sensors from the orifice fitting body and installing a plurality of transducers into the plurality of tap holes. At least one of the plurality of transducers is configured to generate a signal and at least one of the plurality of transducers is configured to receive the signal. Additionally, the method includes measuring a flow rate of a fluid flowing through the bore based on an output of each of the plurality of transducers.

Abstract: An ultrasonic flow measurement device for ascertaining flow velocity, respectively volume flow, of a fluid, especially a gas or a liquid, using a travel-time difference method, comprising: a measuring tube having a straight measuring tube axis; at least one transmitter for transmitting an acoustic signal; at least one receiver for receiving the acoustic signal; and at least one reflection surface for reflecting the acoustic signal. The transmitter and the receiver are arranged on the tube wall of the measuring tube in such a manner that they can transmit the acoustic signal inclined or perpendicularly to the flow direction of the fluid, wherein at least one reflection surface is embodied concavely in a preferential direction; and a method for ascertaining flow velocity, respectively volume flow, of a fluid.

Abstract: A method for relaying a radio signal between two points having an obstacle therebetween is described. The method includes maintaining an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in an orientation with respect to the two points, the UAV having at least one passive reflective device having an elongated configuration thereon, transmitting a signal from one of the two points, the transmitted signal impinging the at least one passive reflective device, and receiving the signal at the other of the two points, the received signal being a signal reflected from the at least one passive reflective device.

Abstract: A method for determining the starting instant (t0) of a periodically oscillating signal response (E2; E2?), wherein the signal response comprises a first set of half periods (E2a-d; E2?a-d) having a polarity equal to a polarity of the first half period (E2a; E2?a) in the signal response, and a second set of half periods (E2e-h; E2?e-h) having a polarity opposite to the polarity of the first half period (E2a; E2?a) in the signal response. The method comprises the steps of: determining a peak half period (E2e; E2?f) as the half period with the highest amplitude in a selected one of the first and second sets; determining a zero-crossing instant (ZC1; ZC?1) of the signal response occurring a known time distance from the peak half period (E2e; E2?f); determining the starting instant (t0) of the signal response (E2; E2?) based on the zero-crossing instant (ZC1; ZC?1) and a relationship between the peak half period (E2e; E2?f) and the starting instant (t0).

Abstract: Method and measuring device for measuring at least one measured variable. A first sensor transmits a first measurement signal, which includes at least one half-wave of a mechanical wave or an electromagnetic wave, and, at a time t from the first measurement signal, transmits at least a second measurement signal. At least a second sensor receives the measurement signals. The travel time and TOF1 of the first measurement signal between transmitting of the first measurement signal and receiving of the first measurement signal is known, wherein the time t is so selected that it is a whole numbered multiple of the travel time TOF1 of the first measurement signal or that it is a whole numbered multiple of the average value of the travel times TOF1 and TOF2, wherein the travel time and TOF2 between transmitting a third measurement signal from the second sensor and receiving of the third measurement signal by the first sensor is known.

Abstract: The velocity of fluids containing particles that scatter ultrasound can be measured by determining the Doppler shift of the ultrasound scattered by the particles in the fluid. Measuring fluid flow in cylindrical vessels such as blood vessels is an important use of Doppler ultrasound. This invention teaches using various configurations of cylindrical diffraction-grating transducers and cylindrical non-diffraction-grating transducers that suppress the Doppler shift from non-axial components of fluid velocity while being sensitive to the Doppler shift produced by axial velocity components. These configurations thus provide accurate measurement of the net flow down the vessel, even when the fluid flow is curved or not parallel to the vessel wall.

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for velocity scanning in, e.g., bodies of water. In one embodiment, a scanned one-dimensional transducer array Doppler sonar arrangement is used to remotely measure both vertical and horizontal profiles of a river or channel along-stream water velocities within a cross-section of the river/channel from a single side-mounted sonar.

Abstract: The open channel flow meter of the present invention uses a progressive spectral analyzer to increase the efficiency and accuracy thereof. This is accomplished by using a smaller degree fast Fourier transform covering small sections of the span of the sensor. Additional sections of the span are added to the analysis as required to cover the desired velocity range. This approach also allows one to bypass the processing of velocity spans outside the actual site conditions. This allows circuitry which costs less, uses less power, and achieves more precise readings in a shorter time period.

Abstract: A method of retrofitting an orifice meter includes providing an orifice fitting body having a bore, an orifice plate, a plurality of tap holes, and a plurality of pressure sensors installed in the plurality of tap holes. The method further includes removing the orifice plate and the plurality of pressure sensors from the orifice fitting body and installing a plurality of transducers into the plurality of tap holes. At least one of the plurality of transducers is configured to generate a signal and at least one of the plurality of transducers is configured to receive the signal. Additionally, the method includes measuring a flow rate of a fluid flowing through the bore based on an output of each of the plurality of transducers.