Abstract: Among others, the present invention provides piezo-electric micro-devices for detecting at the microscopic level an electric, magnetic, electromagnetic, thermal, optical, acoustical, biological, chemical, physical, bio-chemical, bio-physical, physical-chemical, bio-physical-chemical, bio-mechanical, bio-electro-mechanical, electro-mechanical, or mechanical property of the biologic subject.

Abstract: An electronic device may be provided with electronic components such as mapping circuitry for measuring distances, areas, volumes or other properties of objects in the surrounding environment of the device. The mapping circuitry may include a laser sensor and device position detection circuitry. The device may include processing circuitry configured to gather laser sample data and device position data using the laser sensor and the device position detection circuitry. The laser sample data and the device position data may be gathered while pointing a laser beam generated with a laser in the laser sensor at one or more sample points on a surface such as a surface of a wall. By tracking the device position and orientation using the device position detection circuitry, the objects may be mapped while gathering laser sample data from any position with respect to the object.

Abstract: The present invention refers to a method for detecting molecules and/or substances within a sample based on the use of a microcantilever system. The method comprises the variation of a certain condition such as humidity so as the mechanical feature analyzed varies with a characteristic pattern while the target molecule is bound to the detector. The invention also refers to the system used to carry out such method.

Abstract: A PEFS (Piezoelectric Finger Sensor) acts as an “electronic finger” capable of accurately and non-destructively measuring both the Young's compression modulus and shear modulus of tissues with gentle touches to the surface. The PEFS measures both the Young's compression modulus and shear modulus variations in tissue generating a less than one-millimeter spatial resolution up to a depth of several centimeters. This offers great potential for in-vivo early detection of diseases. A portable hand-held device is also disclosed. The PEF offers superior sensitivity.

Abstract: A device for measuring force components formed from a single crystal material, wherein the device comprises at least one cantilever beam inclined to a wafer plane normal and formed in one piece with a mass body, which mass body provides a mass of inertia. The mass body has a first and a second major surface which are substantially parallel with a wafer plane. A mass body cross section presents a portion which is substantially symmetrical along a centrally (in the thickness direction) located plane parallel with the wafer plane. Disclosed is also a method for its production and an accelerometer comprising at least one such device. The device allow for a more compact 3-axis accelerometer.

Abstract: A PEFS (Piezoelectric Finger Sensor) acts as an “electronic finger” capable of accurately and non-destructively measuring both the Young's compression modulus and shear modulus of tissues with gentle touches to the surface. The PEFS measures both the Young's compression modulus and shear modulus variations in tissue generating a less than one-millimeter spatial resolution up to a depth of several centimeters. This offers great potential for in-vivo early detection of diseases. A portable hand-held device is also disclosed. The PEF offers superior sensitivity.

Abstract: Apparatus are provided for sensor assemblies and related medical devices. An embodiment of a sensor assembly includes a rigid structure and a beam structure having an outer portion in contact with the rigid structure and an inner portion. The beam structure includes one or more beams extending between the outer portion and the inner portion of the beam structure and a cantilevered portion extending from the inner portion to inhibit displacement of the inner portion toward the rigid structure. Each beam has a sensing element disposed thereon.

Abstract: A PEFS (Piezoelectric Finger Sensor) acts as an “electronic finger” capable of accurately and non-destructively measuring both the Young's compression modulus and shear modulus of tissues with gentle touches to the surface. The PEFS measures both the Young's compression modulus and shear modulus variations in tissue generating a less than one-millimeter spatial resolution up to a depth of several centimeters. This offers great potential for in-vivo early detection of diseases. A portable hand-held device is also disclosed. The PEF offers superior sensitivity.

Abstract: An improved device for the measuring of weight or force is disclosed. This is an apparatus that allows for measurement of weight or force using a cantilever beam that is substantially insensitive to location of the weight or force within certain limits on the beam and is capable of correction for off-level conditions.

Abstract: Determining a repairing form of a defect at or close to an edge of a substrate. The defect may be scanned with a scanning probe microscope to determine a three-dimensional contour of the defect. The defect may be scanned with a scanning particle microscope to determine the shape of the at least one edge of the substrate. The repairing form of the defect may be determined from a combination of the three-dimensional contour and the shape of the at least one edge.

Abstract: A rodent enclosure dimensioned in length, width and height so as to allow a rodent to run freely along the length of the enclosure, but not turn around without standing on its hind legs. The enclosure has a floor with bars extending transversely to allow access for a force sensor's probe from below. A force measurement device for use with the rodent enclosure to measure the tactile response of a rodent comprising a measurement probe connected to a device body. The probe has a tip which can be engaged with a rodent's paw through the floor of the enclosure. The device body has a fixed body part and a rotatable body part arranged to allow relative rotation between them. A rotation sensor detects the relative rotation and outputs a measurement parameter having values that are calibrated against force values associated with forces applied to the probe's tip.

Abstract: A load transducer for use in an automated control system such as those used in robotic assemblies, and other linkage systems separated by joints. The transducer is capable of measuring force and moments transmitted by the joint of the robotic assembly. This localized sensory data is utilized by a microprocessor to control the motion of the linkages of the system. In addition to being very accurate and reliable, the load transducer has a low profile and small size. This invention is easily manufactured using strain gage technology.

Abstract: A load transducer for use in an automated control system such as those used in robotic assemblies, and other linkage systems separated by joints. The transducer is capable of measuring force and moments transmitted by the joint of the robotic assembly. This localized sensory data is utilized by a microprocessor to control the motion of the linkages of the system. In addition to being very accurate and reliable, the Load transducer has a low profile and small size. This invention is easily manufactured using strain gage technology.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a force realization apparatus using a superconducting flux quantum, which is capable of generating force proportional to a flux quantum number by including a micron-sized superconducting annulus or superconducting quantum interference device in an ultra-sensitive cantilever, and a force measurer using the same.

Abstract: A PEFS (Piezoelectric Finger Sensor) acts as an “electronic finger” capable of accurately and non-destructively measuring both the Young's compression modulus and shear modulus of tissues with gentle touches to the surface. The PEFS measures both the Young's compression modulus and shear modulus variations in tissue generating a less than one-millimeter spatial resolution up to a depth of several centimeters. This offers great potential for in-vivo early detection of diseases. A portable hand-held device is also disclosed. The PEF offers superior sensitivity.

Abstract: A force sensor utilizing force sensing element to generate an output signal that is commensurate with the force applied to the sensor. The force sensor includes a support element coupled to a resilient deflectable portion and at least one pivotable arm portion extending from the resilient deflectable portion; and a force sensing element supported by the base element and operably coupled to the at least one pivotable arm portion, wherein the force sensing element outputs an output signal that is proportional to a force applied to the at least one pivotable arm portion. The force sensor may be used a mass flow meter by coupling a fluid passage to the force sensor. The structure of the force sensor makes use of mechanical amplification to greatly increase the sensitivity of the sensor.

Abstract: In a parallel-guiding mechanism, a stationary parallel leg surrounds a movable parallel leg. The movable parallel leg is connected to the stationary parallel leg and guided in vertical movement by first and second parallel-guiding elements, fastened respectively to the upper and lower end portions. The movable parallel leg can be connected to a load receiver and to a force-measuring cell through a force-transmitting connection in order to transmit the weighing load. Intermediate to, and connecting, the respective end portions is a tilt-adjustment feature, by which the end portions are tilt-adjusted relative to each other about at least one tilt axis to correct a corner load error. The tilt-adjustment feature is provided by at least one of: a pair of bending zones, a spherical joint and a ring-shaped constriction.

Abstract: A PEFS (Piezoelectric Finger Sensor) acts as an “electronic finger” capable of accurately and non-destructively measuring both the Young's compression modulus and shear modulus of tissues with gentle touches to the surface. The PEFS measures both the Young's compression modulus and shear modulus variations in tissue generating a less than one-millimeter spatial resolution up to a depth of several centimeters. This offers great potential for in-vivo early detection of diseases. A portable hand-held device is also disclosed. The PEF offers superior sensitivity.

Abstract: Parts and structures are described for micro and nano machines and the creation of macro structures with nano and micro layers of special materials to provide improved performance.

Abstract: A cantilever control device is provided that can prevent, in an atomic force microscope, self-excited oscillation of a cantilever from stopping and prevent a probe of the cantilever from coming into contact with a measurement object. In the atomic force microscope, a cantilever control device 1 is constituted from a cantilever 10 having a probe 12, an actuator 20 that causes self-excited oscillation in the cantilever 10, an oscillation velocity detector 30 that detects the oscillation velocity of the cantilever 10, a displacement calculator 32 that calculates the oscillation displacement of the cantilever 10, and a controller 40 that generates a signal for driving the actuator 20. A feedback control signal S is represented as (K?G·x2)·dx/dt, where x is the oscillation displacement of the cantilever 10, dx/dt is the oscillation velocity of the cantilever 10, and both K and G are feedback gains of a positive value.

Abstract: A PEFS (Piezoelectric Finger Sensor) acts as an “electronic finger” capable of accurately and non-destructively measuring both the Young's compression modulus and shear modulus of tissues with gentle touches to the surface. The PEFS measures both the Young's compression modulus and shear modulus variations in tissue generating a less than one-millimeter spatial resolution up to a depth of several centimeters. This offers great potential for in-vivo early detection of diseases. A portable hand-held device is also disclosed. The PEF offers superior sensitivity.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus for discriminating the kind of a sheet material, comprising: a substrate having a recessed portion; a press member situated so that a sheet material can be deflected using the recessed portion; a support member that is deformed as the sheet material situated to cover the recessed portion is pressed by the press member and thereby deflected; and a sensor for detecting the deformation amount of the support member, wherein the kind of the sheet material is discriminated on the basis of detecting the deformation amount of the support member by the sensor.

Abstract: A PEFS (Piezoelectric Finger Sensor) acts as an “electronic finger” capable of accurately and non-destructively measuring both the Young's compression modulus and shear modulus of tissues with gentle touches to the surface. The PEFS measures both the Young's compression modulus and shear modulus variations in tissue generating a less than one-millimeter spatial resolution up to a depth of several centimeters. This offers great potential for in-vivo early detection of diseases. A portable hand-held device is also disclosed. The PEF offers superior sensitivity.

Abstract: A sensing apparatus comprises a sensing beam having piezo-resistive components mounted therein that output a signal as a function of a strain on the sensing beam and a main body holding the sensing beam. The sensing beam includes a gasket pattern integrated thereon to create a substantially uniform interface between the main body and the clamp.

Abstract: A weight sensor includes at least one force-translating element cooperating in a levered manner in response to an applied load. The at least one force-translating element is arranged at least in part asymmetrically to an imaginary center plane of the weight sensor.

Abstract: An active micro-force sensor is provided for use on a micromanipulation device. The active micro-force sensor includes a cantilever structure having an actuator layer of piezoelectric material and a sensing layer of piezoelectric material bonded together. When an external force is exerted on the sensor, the sensor deforms and an applied force signal is recorded by the sensing layer. The applied force signal is then fed back to the actuating layer of the sensor via a servoed transfer function or servo controller, so that a counteracting deformation can be generated by the bending moment from the servoed actuating layer to quickly balance the deformation caused by the external micro-force.

Abstract: In a force-transmitting device of a force-measuring cell with a parallel-guiding mechanism in which a stationary parallelogram leg and a movably guided parallelogram leg are connected to each other by parallelogram guides, at least one of the parallelogram legs has a fastening part with at least two fastening portions. Each fastening portion has a fastening pad with a tapped hole normal to the fastening pad surface, for fastening the device to a housing or a load carrier. The parallelogram leg has slot-shaped incisions that serve to uncouple the fastening portions from the rest of the parallelogram leg, so as to prevent the propagation of assembly stresses from the fastening portions into the working parts of the force-measuring cell.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a force realization apparatus using a superconducting flux quantum, which is capable of generating force proportional to a flux quantum number by including a micron-sized superconducting annulus or superconducting quantum interference device in an ultra-sensitive cantilever, and a force measurer using the same. The quantum-based force realization apparatus includes: superconducting quantum trap means having a magnetic moment proportional to a flux quantum number; an ultra-sensitive cantilever which mounts therein the superconducting quantum trap means, has elasticity and is displaced by force generated by the superconducting quantum trap means located in a magnetic field gradient; and a magnetic field generator which applies a magnetic field to the superconducting quantum trap means.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sensor comprising least one sensor unit e.g. a cantilever. The sensor unit comprises a capture surface area and a piezoresistive detection system, for direct detection of stress change of the sensor unit when applying an electrical field over the piezoresistive element. The piezoresistive element has a longitudinal direction in the current direction and a transverse direction perpendicular there to. The longitudinal direction and the transverse direction each has a stress composant and a current composant. The piezoresistive element is of an anisotropic material, and is arranged so that the numerically value of the sum of the longitudinal piezoresistive coefficient ?1 and the transverse piezoresistive coefficient ?t along at least 25% of the length, of the piezoresistive element is at least 10?10 Pa?1×P, such as 2×10?10 Pa?1×P.

Abstract: In a force-transmitting device of a force-measuring cell with a parallel-guiding mechanism in which a stationary parallelogram leg and a movably guided parallelogram leg are connected to each other by parallelogram guides, at least one of the parallelogram legs has a fastening part with at least two fastening portions. Each fastening portion has a fastening pad with a tapped hole normal to the fastening pad surface, for fastening the device to a housing or a load carrier. The parallelogram leg has slot-shaped incisions that serve to uncouple the fastening portions from the rest of the parallelogram leg, so as to prevent the propagation of assembly stresses from the fastening portions into the working parts of the force-measuring cell.

Abstract: Parts and structures are described for micro and nano machines and the creation of macro structures with nano and micro layers of special materials to provide improved performance.

Abstract: In a force-transmitting device of a force-measuring cell with a parallel-guiding mechanism in which a stationary parallelogram leg and a movably guided parallelogram leg are connected to each other by parallelogram guides, each of the parallelogram legs has a fastening part with at least two fastening portions. The fastening portions have fastening pads with tapped holes running perpendicular to the fastening pad surfaces, so that a load carrier can be bolted to the force-transmitting device and/or the device can be fastened to a housing. The parallelogram legs have slot-shaped incisions that serve to uncouple the fastening portions from the rest of the parallelogram leg, so as to prevent the propagation of assembly stresses from the fastening portions into the working parts of the force-measuring cell.

Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus for discriminating the kind of a sheet material, comprising: a substrate having a recessed portion; a press member situated so that a sheet material can be deflected using the recessed portion; a support member that is deformed as the sheet material situated to cover the recessed portion is pressed by the press member and thereby deflected; and a sensor for detecting the deformation amount of the support member, wherein the kind of the sheet material is discriminated on the basis of detecting the deformation amount of the support member by the sensor.

Abstract: Blast pressure gauges and methods for detecting blast pressure during a blast test. The gauges operate independently of power sources, are portable, and are used in harsh environments including test ranges. Each embodiment is constructed to detect blast pressures as required in the circumstances of a particular blast test.

Abstract: The present invention involves a vehicle for passengers having a passenger safety system. The system has a crash sensor, a vehicle seat with a weight sensor assembly, an air bag and an air bag controller. The crash sensor is capable of providing a signal when the vehicle experiences an impact force of a predetermined magnitude. The vehicle seat is capable of supporting a vehicle occupant, with a seat frame member attached to a vehicle floor pan. The seat frame member has a rigid end and a resiliently flexible end, the resiliently flexible end able to resiliently deflect with respect to the vehicle floor pan upon experiencing a force due to the weight of the vehicle occupant. The sensor assembly has a cantilevered beam, a fulcrum, and a sensing device.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for flexibly suspending a sensing mechanism between a pair of cover plates, including a sensing mechanism formed in a crystalline silicon substrate; a pair of cover plates formed in crystalline silicon substrates; a first plurality of complementary interfaces in fixed relation between the sensing mechanism and a first one of the cover plates; and a second plurality of complementary interfaces flexibly suspended between the sensing mechanism and a second one of the cover plates with one or more of the flexibly suspended interfaces being a complementary male and female interface.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for flexibly suspending a sensing mechanism between a pair of cover plates, including a sensing mechanism formed in a crystalline silicon substrate; a pair of cover plates formed in crystalline silicon substrates; a first plurality of complementary interfaces in fixed relation between the sensing mechanism and a first one of the cover plates; and a second plurality of complementary interfaces flexibly suspended between the sensing mechanism and a second one of the cover plates with one or more of the flexibly suspended interfaces being a complementary male and female interface.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a sensor comprising least one sensor unit e.g. a cantilever. The sensor unit comprises a capture surface area and a piezoresistive detection system, for direct detection of stress change of the sensor unit when applying an electrical field over the piezoresistive element. The piezoresistive element has a longitudinal direction in the current direction and a transverse direction perpendicular there to. The longitudinal direction and the transverse direction each has a stress composant and a current composant. The piezoresistive element is of an anisotropic material, and is arranged so that the numerically value of the sum of the longitudinal piezoresistive coefficient ?1 and the transverse piezoresistive coefficient ?t along at least 25% of the length, of the piezoresistive element is at least 10?10 Pa?1×P, such as 2×10?10 Pa?1×P.

Abstract: A method to compensate for stress deflection in a compound microprobe that includes a substrate, a microcantilever extending outwardly from the substrate, and a film formed on the microcantilever. The method preferably comprises the steps of determining an amount of stress-induced deflection of the microcantilever, and then mounting the microprobe so as to compensate for the stress-induced deflection. The mounting step preferably includes selecting a compensation piece based upon the amount of stress-induced deflection, where the compensation piece is a wedge generally aligning the microcantilever with a deflection detection apparatus. In general, the step of selecting the compensation piece includes correcting an angle between a longitudinal axis of the microcantilever and the substrate so as to insure that light reflected from the microcantilever during operation contacts a detector of a deflection detection apparatus.

Abstract: An extensometer measures and monitors changes in complex loads on a structure. The extensometer comprises opposed cantilever beams fixed in “mirrored” position and aligned with the structure. Each beam has a fixed end and a free end. The fixed end of the cantilever beam is attached to the structure being monitored. The free ends are attached to each other through a compliant, linearly elastic sensing element that is distorted by rigid-body motions of the cantilever beams relative to their attachments to the structure. The sensing element is capable of first order isolation of signals from discrete components of deflections of the structure in proportional response to the strains or stresses on the structure.

Abstract: The proof body for a weighing apparatus is comprised of a profiled segment and it includes a measuring beam (9) joined at each one of its ends to a respective wing (10a, 10b) which extend substantially perpendicularly to the measuring beam (9) and of which the free side faces (11a, 11b) provide abutment faces. It further includes an abutment beam (13) which is parallel to the measuring beam (9) and which is connected thereto via two ribs (14), this abutment beam (13) being also connected to each one of the wings (10a, 10b) by a web (15) which is substantially parallel to the measuring beam (9). Under such circumstances, a strain gauge (18) affixed beneath the measuring beam (9) is subjected only to contraction strains when a force is applied beneath the abutment beam (13).

Abstract: Parts and structures are described for micro and nano machines and the creation of macro structures with nano and micro layers of special materials to provide improved performance.

Abstract: A force transducer for sensing the weight introduced into the mounting of a motor vehicle seat is disclosed. The force transducer includes a force introduction element that is connected to the motor vehicle seat, a force transfer element that is connected to the mounting, and an extension member that is arranged between the force introduction element and the force transfer element. The force transducer makes it possible to accurately determine the weight introduced into the mounting of the motor vehicle seat independently of other influencing forces by the fact that the force introduction element or the force transfer element surrounds the extension member in a plane that extends parallel to the effective direction of the weight, and that at least one wire strain gauge for sensing a shearing force parallel to the weight is arranged on the extension member.

Abstract: A load cell having overload protection wherein a central cantilever beam is provided between the sensing beams in the load cell structure and is bounded by slots of narrow gap width. When an excess load is applied, the load cell structure is deformed and contacts the cantilever beam to transfer the load thereto. The gap width determines the amount of applied load which initiates the protection.

Abstract: A sensor assembly is used to measure the weight of an occupant seated on a vehicle seat. The sensor assembly is integrated into a bracket that is mounted between a seat structure such as a track assembly and a vehicle structure such as floor or riser. One bracket is mounted on an inboard side of the seat and a second bracket is mounted on an outboard side of the seat. Each bracket includes opposing end mounts that are mounted to the vehicle structure. Between the opposing ends, each bracket includes a pair of deflectable portions that define a mount interface for attachment to the seat structure. A central body extends between the deflectable portions to form unitary bracket member that includes the end mounts, the deflectable portions and the central body. A strain gage is mounted on each deflectable portion to measure the weight of the seat occupant.

Abstract: A load cell having overload protection wherein a central cantilever beam is provided between the sensing beams in the load cell structure and is bounded by slots of narrow gap width. When an excess load is applied, the load cell structure is deformed and contacts the cantilever beam to transfer the load thereto. The gap width determines the amount of applied load which initiates the protection.

Abstract: By using a second Roberval mechanism having beams orthogonal to beams of a first Roberval mechanism for supporting a weighing dish by a movable pillar and integrating a movable pillar of the second Roberval mechanism with a movable pillar of the first Roberval mechanism, longitudinal and crosswise one-sided loads are shouldered by first and second Roberval mechanisms and. Furthermore, by forming flexible portions flexible for one-sided loads (right and left one-sided loads) about the axis of the first Roberval mechanism on the first Roberval mechanism, torsions due to one-sided loads in the crosswise directions are prevented and influences of the torsions can be reduced. Moreover, by forming flexible portions flexible for a longitudinal one-sided load on the second Roberval mechanism, a torsion due to the longitudinal one-sided load is prevented and influences of the torsion can be reduced.

Abstract: A precision double bending beam load cell made at low cost by using load cell quality material in the bending beams only, while less costly material is used for end blocks to maintain the beams in a predetermined parallel relationship and to mount the load cell, provided that the joints between the beams and the end blocks are slip free. Slip free joints can be obtained by making the end blocks in the form of rods with necks press fitted into matching holes at the ends of the beams, or by laser welding or hard soldering metal end blocks to metal bending beams. Plastic end blocks can also be injected molded onto the ends of bending beams with holes and scalloped edges for the injection molded plastic to grip onto. Shrinkage or expansion of the plastic material during the curing process will then make the joints prestressed and slip free.

Abstract: A load cell has internal cuts or grooves allowing increased the measurable strain on a load cell package increasing its ability to accurately measure lower weights while reducing the load cell's sensitivity to thermal shock. These cuts or grooves are rectangular slots with circular ends and run parallel to the load cell. The cuts or grooves are cut into the gage-hole producing ridges. The strain gauges are located on the middle ridge which is a thicker wall which reduces the temperature differences between the gauges, causing the cell to generate less output during a thermal shock. Not only is the output due to thermal shock smaller, but it lasts for a shorter period of time.

Abstract: A weighing scale includes an integral block member having a load receiving portion for receiving a load of a scaled object; a fixing portion for fixing the integral block; and a Roberval portion having recessed portions between the load receiving portion and the fixing portion. The scale also includes a load transmitting beam; a member for transmitting displacement of the load transmitting beam and the load receiving portion to the load transmitting beam and for becoming a force point of the load transmitting beam; a fulcrum member of the load transmitting beam; and a fulcrum member attachment portion being formed on the integral block so that the fulcrum of the of the load transmitting beam is positioned in a space thereby constituting the weighing scale. The member for transmitting displacement of the load transmitting beam and fulcrum member of the load transmitting beam are formed separately from the integral block member. An integral block member may include a working guide recess.