Abstract: A sound- and heat-insulating enclosure of a pedal mount of a motor vehicle has at least one pedal mounted pivotably thereon. The enclosure has retaining contours, by which fixing on the pedal mount is possible. A pedal-independent high-quality sealing concept can be implemented by shifting a sealing plane between an interior of a cockpit and a footwell from the pedals toward the pedal mount.

Abstract: An electronic throttle control pedal assembly includes a housing having a friction generating surface, a pedal arm, a spring carrier, and at least one spring. The pedal arm includes a hub portion and a friction generating member. The friction generating member has a lobe connected to a cross member and is positioned on a side surface of the hub portion. The cross member extends within the hub portion. The spring carrier has a friction generating portion. As the pedal arm is depressed, a portion of the spring carrier engages the friction generating portion against the cross member positioned within the hub aperture and pivotally engages a portion of the lobe of the friction generating member against the friction generating surface of the housing thereby creating at least two independent friction generating surfaces to create a hysteresis proportional to the depression of the pedal arm.

Abstract: Embodiments herein are directed to a pedal pad assembly that includes a housing, a pedal pad, at least one link member, at least one sliding member, and a sensor. The pedal pad is coupled to the housing and configured to translate the housing along a first movement axis in response to a load applied to the pedal pad. A proximal end of the at least one link member is coupled to an outer surface of the housing. The at least one sliding member is coupled to a distal end of the at least one link member. The sensor is configured to sense a position of the at least one sliding member along a second movement axis. During a translation of the housing along the first movement axis, the proximal end of the at least one link member moves translating the at least one sliding member about the second movement axis.

Abstract: A mini-trampoline is disclosed. In one embodiment, a base support frame is circumferentially offset from a trampoline mat. The base support frame includes a horizontal support frame with vertical support members extending subjacently therefrom. Resilient members circumextend from the trampoline mat to the horizontal support frame. Each of the vertical support members includes a suction cup having a suction cup locking mechanism at a lower end. A support assembly is secured to the base support frame and includes a T-shaped support bar having handles cantilevering toward the trampoline mat.

Abstract: Systems and device configurations are provided for reducing misstep, such as miscommunication between a vehicle and a driver that results in applying the incorrect pedal. Vehicle pedal configurations having a positioning element are described. Embodiments include pedal configurations having a pedal pad and at least one positioning element to adjust the pedal pad in response to pedal misstep. Pedal adjustment can include rotation of a pedal pad, rotation of portions of a pedal pad, and multibody pedal pad configurations. According to embodiment, a pedal pad includes vibrational elements to control vibration of the pedal. Embodiments are also directed to a pedal configuration including a flip plate. Systems are provided including a controller to control a pedal configuration and positioning elements. The controller may control the pedal based on a driving mode, such as an assistive driving state wherein operator is instructed to apply a pedal.

Abstract: A vehicle pedal arrangement according to one embodiment includes a support, a rotating shaft, a pedal that is pivotable with respect to the rotating shaft, a retention member and actuating means. The pedal includes a retaining housing and an opening, such that under normal operating conditions the rotating shaft is arranged in the opening and the retention member is at least partially housed in the retaining housing supported against the rotating shaft, retaining the rotating shaft in the opening. In the event of a head-on collision, the actuating means moves the retention member such that the pedal is no longer retained against the rotating shaft.

Abstract: A pedal assembly comprises a pedal arm; a pedal plate; a vehicle mounting bracket; a pivot pin receiving member; and a pivot pin. A first end of the pedal arm is operatively connected to the pivot pin receiving member to provide pivotal movement to the pivot pin receiving member during movement of the pedal arm between first and second arm positions. The pivot pin is at least partially and axially received by the pivot pin receiving member. The pivot pin receiving member and the pivot pin are mechanically coupled to one another via an interlock connection therebetween to simultaneously pivot together about the pivot axis as a unit during movement of the pedal arm between the first and second arm positions. At least a portion of the pivot pin receiving member or the pivot pin is deformed to form the interlock connection therebetween.

Abstract: Provided is a vehicle operation pedal device comprising: an operation pedal which includes a depressing part provided thereto; a pair of upper support members which are fixed to a dash panel; a pair of lower support members which are fixed to the dash panel and also fixed to the pair of upper support members; an upper center support member which is laid between the pair of upper support members; and a connection hole which supports an operating rod protruding from the dash panel towards a vehicle rear side, such that the operating rod is rotatable with respect to the operation pedal. The upper center support member comprises a sliding receiving part. The pair of upper support members comprise an escape hole.

Abstract: A foldable brake pedal apparatus for autonomous vehicles provides a manual driving mode and an autonomous driving mode. In the manual driving mode, a driver directly drives a vehicle, a pedal pad protrudes from a pedal housing and pops up to be exposed to the driver side such that the driver can manipulate the pedal pad. And in the autonomous driving mode, the driver does not directly drive the vehicle, the pedal pad is inserted into the pedal housing and is in a hidden state in which exposure of the pedal pad toward the drive side is inhibited such that the driver cannot manipulate the pedal pad.

Abstract: A foldable brake pedal apparatus for an autonomous driving vehicle is provided. In a manual driving mode in which a driver directly operates a vehicle, a lower end of a brake pedal is exposed to an interior of the vehicle to allow engagement of the brake pedal by a driver and, in an autonomous driving mode in which the driver does not directly drive the vehicle, the lower end of the brake pedal is pivoted and moved forward due to an operation of an actuator to switch to a concealed state in which an operation of the brake pedal is blocked.

Abstract: Provided is a vehicle operation pedal device comprising: an operation pedal which includes a depressing part provided thereto; a pair of upper support members which are fixed to a dash panel; a pair of lower support members which are fixed to the dash panel and also fixed to the pair of upper support members; an upper center support member which is laid between the pair of upper support members; and a connection hole which supports an operating rod protruding from the dash panel towards a vehicle rear side, such that the operating rod is rotatable with respect to the operation pedal. The upper center support member comprises a sliding receiving part. The pair of upper support members comprise an escape hole.

Abstract: A child's riding vehicle can be quickly reconfigured between a balance bike configuration and a pedal-powered bicycle configuration, suitable for children of different ages, without removing any parts to be stored separately. The pedal crank arms can be repositioned on the crank and the pedal axles can be pivoted so that in the balance bike configuration: the pedal crank arms are positioned adjacent to one another and generally upward; the pedal axles are pointed mostly rearwardly but also slightly inwardly rather than extending transversely side-to-side; and the crank arms and pedal axles are telescoped in. The result is that in the balance bike configuration the pedals and crank arms are compacted and folded out of the way so as not to interfere with the child riding the vehicle.

Abstract: A pedal slider assembly that allows for a normal pedal affixed to a normal bicycle to slide laterally outwardly away from the bicycle frame and back inwardly towards the bicycle frame allowing the rider to find their bodies natural pedal placement as it travels through the rotational pedaling path based on their specific skeletal structure restrictions, (those being the width of an individual's hips, knees, and ankles) as those positions dictate the center line of the user and as those positions are directly affected by the pedal relationship to the center line of the bicycle frame, additionally there is a multitude of lateral movement length options for the rider to utilize to garner specific exercise benefits.

Abstract: A pedal slider assembly that allows for a normal pedal affixed to a normal bicycle to slide laterally outwardly away from the bicycle frame and back inwardly towards the bicycle frame allowing the rider to find their bodies natural pedal placement as it travels through the rotational pedaling path based on their specific skeletal structure restrictions, (those being the width of an individual's hips, knees, and ankles) as those positions dictate the center line of the user and as those positions are directly affected by the pedal relationship to the center line of the bicycle frame, additionally there is a multitude of lateral movement length options for the rider to utilize to garner specific exercise benefits.

Abstract: Embodiments described herein are directed to a pedal assembly. The pedal assembly includes a housing, a pedal arm, a retaining member, and a block. The pedal arm has an upper end. The upper end is pivotally coupled to the housing. The retaining member is slidably engaged within the housing. The retaining member has a first angled portion. A portion of the retaining member in communication with the upper end of the pedal arm. The block is slidably mounted within the housing and perpendicular to the first angled portion of the retaining member. The block has a second angled portion that is complimentary to the first angled portion. Upon an impact, the second angled portion slidably engages with the first angled portion, which causes the retaining member to move and release the upper end of the pedal arm from the housing.

Abstract: A brake pedal apparatus of an autonomous vehicle may include a brake pedal, wherein a lower end portion of a brake pedal is popped-up to be exposed to the interior of the vehicle so that a driver may operate the brake pedal in a manual driving mode situation for the driver to directly drive the vehicle, and the brake pedal is in a hidden state so that the driver may not operate the brake pedal as the lower end portion of the brake pedal is rotated to move forward by operation of an actuator in an autonomous running mode situation in which the driver does not drive directly the vehicle.

Abstract: A foot pedal assembly and method of moving a wheel assembly from a stowed configuration to a deployed configuration is provided. The foot pedal assembly can be moved to a locked configuration, thereby securing the wheel assembly in a deployed configuration, by allowing a foot pedal of the foot pedal assembly to move away from a second position after moving the foot pedal from a first position to the second position. When in the locked configuration, the foot pedal assembly can be moved to an unlocked configuration by moving the foot pedal assembly back to the second position, thereby allowing the foot pedal assembly and the wheel assembly to move towards the first configuration and the stowed configuration, respectively. A pin extending from a cam assembly into a raceway of a raceway body travels through the raceway as the foot pedal assembly is moved between configurations.

Abstract: A system and method of illuminating one or more foot pedals with an optically brightened layer positioned to fluoresce responsive to activation of one or more ultraviolet (UV) illuminating devices positioned adjacent or attached to the one or more foot pedals. The optically brightened layer may include an optically brightened coating covering at least a portion of each of the one or more foot pedals, or may include an optically brightened material layer positioned to cover and protect each of the one or more foot pedals from debris or moisture during use. A friction portion may be attached to the optically brightened material layer, the friction portion being positioned adjacent a lower surface of the foot pedal when the optically brightened material layer surrounds the foot pedal, the friction portion being configured to prevent sliding of the foot pedal against the floor or other surface.

Abstract: A passenger wake-up apparatus for use in a vehicle includes a detector configured to detect a state of a passenger and being capable of automated driving control or driving support control based on a result of detection by the detector. The passenger wake-up apparatus includes a rest on which the passenger can put a foot, and a driving unit configured to be able to move the rest. When determining that there is a decrease in a level of wakefulness of the passenger based on the result of the detection by the detector, the driving unit moves the rest to push the foot of the passenger, while the automated driving control or the driving support control of the vehicle is performed.

Abstract: A vehicle pedal apparatus includes a pedal member installed to be fixed to a dashboard; and a pedal arm rotatably connected to pedal member, elongated in a vertical direction, and including a lower portion that is bent sideways with respect to a front-and-rear direction of a vehicle body, to extend in a first lateral direction and an upper portion that has a first side indented in a second lateral direction opposite to the first lateral direction.

Abstract: An adjusted pedal is provided, including: a pedal body, having two clamp portions respectively configured to engage with a shoe; a pedal shaft, defining an axial direction; an engaging portion, disposed on the pedal body and movably engaged with the pedal shaft so that the pedal body is slidable positionly to the pedal shaft along the axial direction; wherein when the engaging portion is disengaged with the pedal shaft, the pedal body is slidable to the pedal shaft along the axial direction.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a method of manufacturing and installing an electronic throttle control pedal to a bracket within a vehicle. The method includes the steps of making a customized pedal mounting bracket for a vehicle wherein the customized pedal mounting bracket has universal connecting features. The method further includes mounting the customized pedal mounting bracket to a vehicle and attaching the universal pedal housing to the customized pedal mounting bracket by means of the universal connecting features. An apparatus of the present invention including a universal pedal housing having a rear surface wherein the rear surface includes at least one locating protrusion. The pedal housing further including a plurality of compression tabs. The apparatus including a pedal mounting bracket having a front surface wherein the rear surface of the pedal housing connects to the front surface of the pedal mounting bracket.

Abstract: [Problem] To provide a hollow operating lever that is easily manufactured with good operability. [Solution] A hollow operating lever (4), which is formed in such a manner that end portions (W1 and W2) of a flat plate-shaped workpiece (W) are joined to each other at a joint (31) and thus is rotatably provided with respect to a support shaft (3), is characterized by including: a first wall (10) that is an operation surface side on which rotational force (F) acts to rotate; a pair of second walls (20) that are provided with coaxial holes (21) through which the support shaft is inserted, and are bent continuously to both ends of the first wall; and a third wall (30) that is provided to face the first wall (10) and is configured to connect the pair of second walls to each other through the joint.

Abstract: A retaining assembly for fixing a flange part, which is provided on a braking device, to a firewall of a motor vehicle, the firewall separating an engine chamber from a vehicle interior. A retaining plate is secured to the firewall face facing the engine chamber, and the flange part and the retaining plate are engaged with each other by both a form-fitting as well as force-fitting connection.

Abstract: A vehicle pedal with a contacting position sensor. The pedal includes a housing with an interior housing wall that divides the housing into first and second interior housing chambers. The drum of the pedal arm is located in the first interior housing chamber and the sensor rotor is located in the second interior housing chamber. First and second housing side covers cover the first and second interior housing chambers respectively. The drum is mounted on and supported by the interior housing wall and the first housing cover for rotation of the drum in the first interior housing chamber relative to the pedal housing. A retainer with a pin and a clip extend through respective through-holes in the rotor and into respective slots in the drum and the clip engages against an interior shoulder in the drum for locking the rotor on the drum.

Abstract: A barrel cam rudder pedal system is provided. The system includes an outer housing with a chassis assembly carried by the outer housing. A barrel cam arrangement is rotationally mounted within an interior space of the chassis assembly. A pair of pedal assemblies is mechanically coupled to the barrel cam arrangement such that linear movement of either of the pair of pedal assemblies results in a rotation of the barrel cam arrangement about a central longitudinal axis defined by the barrel cam arrangement.

Abstract: In a reactive force pedal device, between a motor-side output shaft and a pedal member, a one-way clutch is provided which allows transmittance of rotational force when performing a depressing operation of the pedal member and disables transmittance of the rotational force when performing a revert operation of the pedal member.

Abstract: A pedal assembly for simulating the feel of a standard pedal assembly in a vehicle. The pedal assembly includes a pedal pivotally mounted to a housing. A lever arm is further provided connecting the pedal to the housing. A kickdown subassembly is mounted within the housing. The kickdown subassembly includes a bead and an abutment portion. Depression of the pedal assembly results in movement of the bead towards the abutment portion and provides for kickdown when the bead contacts the abutment portion and then subsequently moves past the abutment portion.

Abstract: The present invention provides for an adjustable pedal assembly using a main plate and upper link along with a motor to adjust the position of the pedal arm as a motor or other driver moves the upper link. As the motor moves the upper link, the link pivots about the main hub and moves the arm from a first position to a second position. The plate of the assembly remains stationary and is operable to hold the motor of the assembly. After the pedal arm is adjusted, the entire pedal arm rotates about the main hub, including the plate.

Abstract: A device for preventing an inward shifting of a brake pedal during a collision. The device includes a mounting bracket. A pedal housing is combined with the mounting bracket such that the pedal housing is movable in a rearwards direction from the mounting bracket. A pedal arm is hinge-coupled at upper and middle parts thereof with the pedal housing and a push rod, respectively. A unit for preventing the inward shifting of the pedal arm has a separating plate which, as the pedal housing is moved rearwards, presses against a fixing pin to decouple the fixing pin from the pedal arm, enabling the pedal arm to turn outwards about a hinge point at the middle part.

Abstract: Pedal assemblies for motor vehicles. In one implementation a pedal is pivotable around a shaft that is releasably fixed in a housing of a support piece by a retention member. The retention member is moveable between a first position corresponding to a normal operating condition and a second position corresponding to a head-on collision condition. In the first position a first part of the retention member rests against and holds the rotating shaft in the fixed position within the housing of the support piece and a first surface of the retention member rests against a guide surface of the support piece.

Abstract: A pedal arm provided with an arm main body has a first end portion, a second end portion, a pedal pad portion, and a shaft portion. The arm main body includes a first wall portion and a second wall portion in a first direction, and a third wall portion and a fourth wall portion in a second direction. One of the first wall portion and the second wall portion includes an abutting portion where the first end portion and the second end portion contacts, and the third wall portion and the fourth wall portion include a first curved portion and a second curved portion. A first depressed wall portion and a second depressed wall portion are formed on the first curved portion and the second curved portion, which are formed in inward convex shapes, respectively, and parts of the first depressed wall portion and the second depressed wall portion contact.

Abstract: A pedal boss, to which an accelerator pedal is fixed, has a projection-receiving space, which circumferentially extends on a circumferential side of a closing-side end wall in an accelerator-opening direction and receives a projection. When the pedal boss is rotated in an accelerator-closing direction, the pedal boss is rotatable to an accelerator-full-closing position of the pedal boss without being stopped by the projection through engagement with the projection regardless of a rotational position of the projection.

Abstract: An operating pedal includes a joining portion at which a first member and a second member whose thickness is smaller than a thickness of the first member are overlapped with each other, and welded to each other along an end edge of the second member, a step portion being provided in the first member along the end edge of the second member by recessing a protruding portion that outwardly protrudes from the end edge so that the protruding portion is drawn back from the second member; and the first member and the second member being welded to each other at a portion extending from the end edge of the second member to the step portion of the first member.

Abstract: The pedal assembly is provided for an automotive vehicle having a mounting bracket and a stationary cross member. The pedal assembly includes a swing bracket, a striker plate, and a pedal arm. The swing bracket is pivotally mounted to the mounting bracket about a pedal pivot axis. The striker plate is pivotally connected to the swing bracket. The pedal arm includes a primary pivotal connection to the swing bracket at a first pivot axis. The pedal arm includes a secondary connection to at least one of the striker plate and the swing bracket, to allow the entire pedal assembly to pivot about the pedal pivot axis upon depression of the pedal pad. During a vehicle collision of sufficient magnitude, the cross member collides against and forcibly rotates the striker plate which disengages the secondary connection to allow the pedal arm to freely pivot about the first pivot axis.

Abstract: The purpose of the present invention is to provide a vehicle brake system having a high degree of mounting freedom. The present vehicle brake system is configured in such a manner that an input device into which braking operation of the operator is inputted and a motor cylinder device which generates hydraulic brake pressure on the basis of an electric signal according to at least the braking operation are disposed so as to be separated from each other in the engine room partitioned in front of the dashboard. The vehicle brake system is characterized in that the input device is disposed behind a power device in such a manner that at least a part of the input device overlaps the power device in the front-rear direction.

Abstract: A mechanism for the adjustment of an accelerator pedal, comprising a support part (2) which is fixed to the vehicle, a control part (3) which can move in relation to the support part (2), a pedal (4) which pivots in relation to a rotary shaft (5) which is connected to the control part (3), and actuation means (6) for moving the control part (3) in relation to the support part (2). Each side of the control part (3) is equipped with at least two pins (7,8) which are housed in respective guide grooves (9,10) in the support part (2), such that the actuation means (6) can move said control part (2) along a curvilinear path.

Abstract: The invention relates to a control pedal (1), in particular for a motor vehicle. The control pedal (1) is characterized by a pedal arm (3) which has in the lengthwise direction (5) at least one organo-sheet reinforcement part (7) with a cross-sectional area (17) that is open perpendicular to the lengthwise direction (5) of the pedal arm (3). The open cross-sectional area (17) of the at least one organo-sheet reinforcement part (7) is at least in sections dosed by a cover part (9) for increasing the bending stiffness and the torsional stiffness.

Abstract: A control pedal assembly includes a pedal bracket, a control pedal, an urging device and a communicating portion. The pedal bracket is secured to a vehicle body and has a housing space. The control pedal is swingably supported by a support shaft disposed in the housing space of the pedal bracket. The urging device is to urge the control pedal toward a rear of a vehicle body. The communicating portion is provided at a rear of the support shaft relative to the vehicle body between the control pedal and the pedal bracket to connect a space above the control pedal and a space below the control pedal.

Abstract: A connecting opening portion is provided at the portion that is an outer circumferential portion of a hollow-structured operating pedal and is connected to connecting links inside the connecting opening portion, a reinforcing member having a U-shaped section is integrally weld-joined so as to open outward. End portions of the connecting links are inserted inside the reinforcing member, and are relatively pivotablly connected by a first link pin. Accordingly, the rigidity of the operating pedal is improved, and at the same time, the stress concentration is relieved, whereby buckling and deformation are suppressed. As a result, the plate thickness of the hollow-structured operating pedal can be kept small to minimize the weight thereof, and also, the width dimension of the operating pedal in the vehicle fore and aft direction can be reduced to achieve a compact size.

Abstract: A clevis pin (connecting pin) (26) is inserted into a clearance hole (72), and is displaceable relative to an operating pedal (16). A pivotal moving link (68) is disposed between the clevis pin (26) and a sensor pin (64) of a load sensor (30). A reaction force applied from the clevis pin (26) to the load sensor (30) always acts in a substantially constant direction (substantially leftward in FIG. 1A) even if the operating pedal (16) and an operating rod (22) are pivoted relatively around the axis of the clevis pin (26) in accordance with the depressing operation of the operating pedal (16). Thus, the detecting accuracy of the load sensor (30) is heightened, and variation in detecting accuracy is prevented, rendering the high reliability.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a pedal device in which the pad member can be fixed to the stopper member easily at the time of mounting, and which does not tend to be degraded over the years. In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a pedal device including: a stopper member attached to a floor of a driver's seat of a vehicle; and a pad member which has a pad fitted into the stopper member and receives a depression force exerted by a driver.

Abstract: A device for generating an additional reset force on the gas pedal for motor vehicles, wherein a position change of the gas pedal relative to the initial position thereof, induced by a corresponding actuating force, against a reset force leads to an increase in the motive power of the engine and, when there is a decrease in the actuating force, a reset force moves the gas pedal back in the direction of the initial position thereof, and wherein an actuator is provided, which applies an additional reset force that acts in the reset direction of the gas pedal, and wherein the motor vehicle has a unit for determining the shifting point of a manually shifted transmission. Moreover, the invention relates to a method for operating the device according to the invention.

Abstract: An operating pedal device for a vehicle, includes: an operating pedal disposed at a pedal support fixed to a vehicle so as to be pivotable about an axis of a support shaft, and depressed by a driver; a reaction force member connected to the operating pedal through at least one connecting portion connecting paired members in a manner such that the paired members are relatively pivotable about a connecting pin, an output in accordance with an operating force of the operating pedal being transmitted to the reaction force member, and a reaction force corresponding to the output being applied to the reaction force member; a strain detecting element disposed in an elastic portion deformed by the reaction force, the strain detecting element electrically detecting the operating force by being deformed together with the elastic portion; in one of the paired members connected by one of the at least one connecting portion, an opening provided near the connecting pin to permit the connecting pin to be relatively displace

Abstract: A bicycle having rotatable drive member in the form of a hollow drum (22) with pedals (48, 49). Each pedal is mounted in a foldable manner to a crank arm (24, 25) which in turn is mounted to the drum (22) by a pivoting mechanism (26, 27) allowing the pedals to be moved between an operative configuration in which each pedal projects outwardly from the drum (22), and an inoperative configuration in which each pedal (48, 49) and each crank arm (24, 25) is contained within the interior of the drum (22). The bicycle can thus be used as a training aid without the use of pedals, or in a conventional manner.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a safety arrangement for a vehicle pedal, comprising a pedal structure including a pedal arm with an elongated shape for carrying a pedal plate; a bracket, which is fixedly connected to the pedal arm; a pedal hub, to be arranged in order to transfer a movement of the pedal structure to a vehicular system. The pedal structure is in a first position relative to the pedal hub during normal operation of the pedal structure. Further, the pedal structure is displaceable from the first position relative to the pedal hub to a second position relative to the pedal hub, wherein, when in the second position, the pedal structure is at least partly operatively decoupled from the pedal hub.

Abstract: A brake device for a vehicle includes a brake pedal rotatably supported on a support shaft and extending in a front ward direction from the support shaft in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle. A master cylinder is located on the rear side of the support shaft in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle for generating a braking hydraulic pressure according to the rotational operation of the brake pedal. An operational amount detector is mechanically connected to the brake pedal for detecting the rotational amount of the brake pedal. The master cylinder includes an axis that is arranged vertically and is located above the support shaft with the operational amount detector being located on the rear side of the support shaft in the longitudinal direction of the motorcycle. Thus, the master cylinder and the operational amount detector can be densely arranged in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle.

Abstract: The invention is characterized in that, when protrusion parts 30 are raised from a substrate W and the protrusion parts 30 are formed into spacers 12 with a predetermined outer diameter D and height H, the protrusion parts 30 are temporarily formed so as to have a diameter larger than a predetermined outer diameter D and a height larger than a predetermined height H, and the protrusion parts 30 are crushed, and leading end portions 30b of the protrusion parts 30 are protruded in a radially outward direction so as to have a double-layered structure, and then through-holes 35 are opened at the leading end portions 30b. Accordingly, the leading end portions 30b have strength due to a double-layered structure, and side portions 30a also have high strength due to contraction by pressing, whereby the sleeve-integrated member includes the entirely high-strength spacers 12.

Abstract: A pedal device for a vehicle may include a brake pedal and an accelerator pedal which may be pivotally installed in a movable panel, an electric device selectively moving the movable panel, and an eco device transferring a motion of the electric device to the accelerator pedal to adjust a pedal effort of the accelerator pedal or vibrate the accelerator pedal.

Abstract: A vehicle pedal apparatus includes a pedal member installed to be fixed to a dashboard; and a pedal arm rotatably connected to pedal member, elongated in a vertical direction, and including a lower portion that is bent sideways with respect to a front-and-rear direction of a vehicle body, to extend in a first lateral direction and an upper portion that has a first side indented in a second lateral direction opposite to the first lateral direction.