Abstract: Contact materials based on AgSnO.sub.2 and having Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3 and CuO as further metal oxide additives were previously disclosed. In these materials the total content of all metal oxides was supposed to be between 10 and 25% by volume with the SnO.sub.2 share equal to or greater than 70% by volume of the total amount of oxide.According to this invention the quantity of SnO.sub.2 is kept smaller than 70% by volume; specifically at about 65%, but in any case equal to or greater than 50%. The SnO.sub.2 weight content is to be in the 4% to 8% range and the weight percentage ratio of SnO.sub.2 to CuO is to be between 8:1 and 12:1.In the associated production process, either Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3 powder is purposely admixed to an internally oxidized alloy powder (IOAP) in an additional operation, a grain restructuring with locally different Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3 concentrations occurring in the structure after sintering and compacting.

Abstract: A method for producing PLZT generally expressed as (Pb.sub.1-x La.sub.x) (Zr.sub.1-y Ti.sub.y).sub.1-x/4 O.sub.3 (0<x.ltoreq.0.3, 0.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.1.0) comprises the steps of forming a coprecipitated body by reacting solution containing at least one of Pb, La and Ti with a zirconium-containing solution and a precipitation-forming solution, or (a) forming a solution containing at least one of Pb, La and Ti forming PLZT generally expressed as (Pb.sub.1-x La.sub.x) (Zr.sub.1-y Ti.sub.y).sub.1-x/4 O.sub.3 (0<x.ltoreq.0.3, 0.ltoreq.y.ltoreq.1.0) and a zirconium-containing solution and carrying out a hydrolysis reaction to produce a sol body, (b) drying and then presintering the coprecipitated body at a temperature of from 700.degree. to 1300.degree. C. to form a modified zirconia powder, (c) mixing the presintered body with a compound having a remaining component composition of a required PLZT composition, (d) presintering the mixture at a temperature of from 500.degree. to 1000.degree. C.

Abstract: A fluid-permeable article which permits fluid to pass therethrough includes a porous ceramic structure having a multiplicity of hollow members made of ceramic material which are concatenated with each other to form a framework having a continuous capillary passageway system. A continuous space is formed outside of the framework and is defined by the outer surfaces of the hollow members. A continuous matrix material fills the continuous space outside of the framework and cooperates with the porous ceramic structure to provide an integral composite structure consisting of the ceramic material and the matrix material. The continuous passageway system is open in at least a portion of the exposed surfaces of the article and permits fluids to pass therethrough.

Abstract: A method of preparing a superconducting oxide by combining the metallic elements of the oxide to form an alloy, followed by oxidation of the alloy to form the oxide. Superconducting oxide-metal composites are prepared in which a noble metal phase intimately mixed with the oxide phase results in improved mechanical properties. The superconducting oxides and oxide-metal composites are provided in a variety of useful forms.

Abstract: The invention relates to a metal matrix composite used to support and/or enclose discrete electronic semiconductor devices, monolithic integrated circuits, hybrid circuits, and multi-layer printed wiring boards. The matrices herein disclosed employ aluminum as the matrix with Beta Eucryptite as the additive in a volume percent of up to 60. The preferred range of from 55 to 45 percent by volume of the additive has a coefficient of thermal expansion matching the common semiconductor materials and common ceramics used for electronic enclosures. The composite uses low cost materials, and due to the affinity of the additive to aluminum is easily prepared. The resulting structures have good thermal conductivity and low weight.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a cermet material comprising a matrix of aluminum alloy with ceramic particles distributed therein. The cermet is adapted for use as a semiconductor substrate and is manufactured using powder technology procedures. The cermet comprises from about 40 to about 60 volume % of aluminum or aluminum alloy, from an effective amount up to about 10 volume % of binder for enhancing bonding between the aluminum alloy and ceramic particles, and the balance essentially ceramic particles.

Abstract: A high-hardness sintered article having high-pressure phase boron nitride as its matrix is manufactured by preparing a mixture consisting of 65 to 95% by volume of a high-pressure phase boron nitride formed of boron nitride of cubic phase having a continuous grain size distribution ranging fom a maximum grain size of 10 to 50 .mu.m to a minumum grain size of less than 1 .mu.m and optionally admixed with wurtzite type boron nitride, 4 to 34% by volume of carbide, nitride or carbonitride of titanim alone or in conjunction with carbide, nitride, or carbonitride of tantalum, and the balance to make up 100% by volume of aluminum and sintering the mixture at a temperature of at least 1,200.degree. C. under pressure of at least 20,000 atmospheres. A high-hardness sintered article is obtained without entailing any loss of hardness during the course of sintering by additionally incorporating in the mixture as 100% 0.

Abstract: A process for decreasing the embrittling tendency of lithium in aluminum-base alloy compositions containing lithium comprising incorporating silicon in the alloy composition and forming the alloy as a dispersion strengthened powder, and dispersion strengthened aluminum-base alloy compositions comprised of aluminum, lithium and silicon having improved properties.

Abstract: A material resistant to high temperature melts of metal and salt which comprises a composite material containing silicon nitride, silicon oxynitride, silicon dioxide and silicon prepared by(a) suspending silicon powder in SiO.sub.2 sol to form a pourable mass,(b) molding a workpiece from said mass,(c) hardening the molded workpiece, and(d) nitriding the hardened workpiece in a nitrogen atmosphere to form silicon nitride and silicon oxynitride to a degree that SiO.sub.2 and elemental silicon remain detectable in the nitrided workpiece,is useful as the material of construction for crucibles and tools for confining, handling and treating melts of metals or salts.

Abstract: A light weight and high strength aluminum alloy and a process for producing such an alloy, which alloy is suitable for forming automotive engine components, including pistons. In a preferred embodiment, 80 to 99.5% by volume of an aluminum alloy powder or a mixed powder composed of pure metal powders or master alloy powders is blended with 0.5 to 20% by volume of at least one of carbon or graphite powder, an oxide powder, a carbide powder and a nitride powder. The blend is then mechanically alloyed, following which the thereby-obtained powder is subjected to working such as by compaction and hot forging, hot pressing, cold isostatic pressing and hot forging, or cold isostatic pressing and hot extrusion.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a cermet material comprising a matrix of metal or alloy with ceramic particles distributed therein. The cermet includes a glass binder for bonding between the metal or alloy and the ceramic particles.

Abstract: This composite material includes reinforcing hybrid fiber mixture material in a matrix of metal which is aluminum, magnesium, copper, zinc, lead, tin, or an alloy having these as principal components. The hybrid fiber mixture is a mixture of crystalline alumina-silica fiber material and mineral fiber material. The crystalline alumina-silica fiber material has as principal components 35% to 80% by weight of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 and 65% to 20% by weight of SiO.sub.2, with a content of other substances of less than or equal to 10% by weight, and with the percentage of mullite being greater than or equal to 15% by weight, and with the percentage of non fibrous particles with diameters greater than 150 microns being less than or equal to 5% by weight. And the mineral fiber material has as principal components SiO.sub.2, CaO, and Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, the content of MgO being less than or equal to 10% by weight, the content of Fe.sub.2 O.sub.

Abstract: A nickel anode electrode fabricated by oxidizing a nickel alloying material to produce a material whose exterior contains nickel oxide and whose interior contains nickel metal throughout which is dispersed the oxide of the alloying material and by reducing and sintering the oxidized material to form a product having a nickel metal exterior and an interior containing nickel metal throughout which is dispersed the oxide of the alloying material.

Abstract: A PTC ceramic composition comprising a fundamental component represented by the formula:(V.sub.1-x A.sub.x).sub.2 O.sub.3wherein x is a value within the range of 0.ltoreq.x.ltoreq.0.02 and A is at least one of Cr and Al, and tin in an amount of 1 to 25 % by weight based on the total weight of the composition, has a small electric resistance in the low resistance state, good PTC properties, and a high density.

Abstract: A composite material, including reinforcing fiber material with principal components SiO.sub.2 and/or CaO and/or Al.sub.2 O.sub.3, and with a Mg content by weight of between about 0% and about 10%, an Fe.sub.2 O.sub.3 content by weight of between about 0% and about 5%, and a content by weight of other inorganic substances of between about 0% and about 10%, and consisting essentially of mineral fibers and non fibrous particles to a total percentage of not more than about 20% by weight, the weight percentage of the part of the non fibrous particles which have a diameter of greater than or equal to about 150 microns being between about 0% and about 7%. Also, the composite material includes a matrix metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, magnesium, copper, zinc, lead, tin, and alloys having these as principal components, the volume proportion of the mineral fibers being in the range of from about 4% to about 25%.

Abstract: A cermet is produced by providing a bulk reaction mixture of particulate reactants plus elemental metal, which reaction mixture is in admixture with a ceramic diluent that is the same as ceramic material formed during sintering of the reaction mixture. Sintering produces a boride-oxide ceramic with the oxide being a metal oxide of the elemental metal. However, the elemental metal is present in the reaction mixture in substantial excess over that amount stoichiometrically required. Sintering is conducted under inert atmosphere, generally after pressing. The invention is particularly directed to boride-based ceramics containing aluminum, which materials are suitable as components of electrolytic cells for the production of aluminum by molten salt electrolysis.

Abstract: A composite material sensitive to weak variations of oxygen pressure at a low temperature, of the type containing microscopic particles of an ionic conductor of oxygen ions contained in a solid solution, in tetravalent metal oxides, oxides of other metals with a valence less than four, other than the said of such a solid solution, the material contains discrete microscopic particles of an electronic conductor.

Abstract: A compacted powdered iron core utilizes iron powder in the 0.002 to 0.006 mean particle size range which is first coated with an alkali metal silicate and then overcoated with a silicone resin polymer. The treated powder is compressed to approximately 94% of theoretical density and then annealed at approximately 600.degree. C. This results in a core component characterized by overall core losses as low as in conventional laminated cores in A.C. operation.

Abstract: Disclosed are extruded dispersion strengthened metallic materials which are substantially free of texture as well as a method for producing such materials. The method comprises extruding a billet of dispersion strengthened metallic powder material comprised of one or more metals and one or more refractory compounds said powder material having a mean grain size less than about 5 microns and whose grain size is substantially stable at the extrusion conditions, through a die having an internal contour such that the material is subjected to a natural strain rate which is substantially constant as it pass through the die.

Abstract: In a method of producing unbaked agglomerates, green pellets or briquettes are produced by adding 5 to 30% of reduced iron powder, mill scale powder or iron sand and also adding a binder consisting of a cement or granulated blast furnace slag and then the green pellets or briquettes are dry cured thereby producing agglomerates having excellent reducing performance.

Abstract: The invention relates to a material for electrical contacts, in particular for contact studs in low-voltage switchgear. The material consists of silver, tin oxide and other additives. A material is sought where the overtemperature is lowered as compared with known AgSnO.sub.2 material. According to the invention, the further additives are in combination oxides of the metals tantalum (Ta.sub.2 O.sub.5), copper (CuO) and bismuth (Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3). Further the material may contain also tungsten or oxygen containing tungsten compounds. Preferably the material contains 5 to 20 mass % SnO.sub.2, 0.1 to 5 mass % Ta.sub.2 O.sub.5 5 mass % CuO, 0.1 to 5 mass % Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3, optionally 0.05 to 3 mass % tungsten and silver as balance. In the method for producing contact studs, the powder metallurgical production of the material is followed by extrusion to a ribbon, from which contact studs can be separated which have an edge-parallel directional structure.

Abstract: An electrically conducting cermet for use in a closure assembly in a high pressure sodium discharge lamp which cermet comprises a sintered compact of refractory oxide granules and a conducting network extending throughout the cermet wherein said network is provided by a layer of niobium and, optionally, at least one other specified metal. The cermet is, because of the niobium content of the metallic network, permeable to hydrogen and lamps incorporating this cermet can therefore be stabilized in acceptable times.

Abstract: AgCdO based contact elements are replaced in contactors and small circuit breakers with CdO-less type elements which exhibit little burn-off in the arc, a low welding force and minimal heating when carrying continuous current. However, known AgSnO.sub.2 contact materials do not have optimum values in all operationally important properties. In these contact materials a more firmly adhering oxide layer occurs as compared with AgCdO. The invention relates to a sintered compound material for electrical contacts, consisting of AgSnO.sub.2 Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3 CuO and containing at least one other metal oxide additive which sublimes below the melting temperature of silver. The SnO.sub.2, Bi.sub.2 O.sub.3 and CuO are globularly precipitated in silver material structure zones having a maximum diameter of 200 .mu.m, and the metal oxide additive is distributed on the surfaces of the boundary regions of these microscopic silver zones.

Abstract: Boron, oxygen, or a mixture thereof, is used as a sintering aid in sintering Mo-Ti alloys. Compounds formed between these sintering aids and the Mo or Ti have thermal expansion coefficients consistent with that of alloys of Mo and Ti. An hermetic member may be made using these constituents. The hermetic member may be used to seal an assembly such as a high pressure sodium lamp.

Abstract: A load-bearing thermal insulator, for example a brake piston thrust transmission element, which comprises platelets or flakes of thermally insulating material dispersed in a metal matrix and oriented normal to the direction of heat flow so as to impede the flow of heat through the matrix in one direction.

Abstract: Electrical contacts of high density and high erosion resistance made by sintering a powder compact containing silver, cadmium oxide, cupric nitrate, or any other water soluble copper salt, and optionally silver oxide or silver oxide and barium hydroxide.

Abstract: An electrode for an electrochemical cell comprising a variable cermet composition, the portion in contact with the electrolyte having a relatively high ceramic content for maximum corrosion resistance and the portion attached to the external electrical circuit having a relatively high metal content to facilitate an electrical connection. Preferred metals are Ni, Cu, Fe, and Cr; and preferred ceramics are ferrites.

Abstract: A non-consumable cermet electrode for electrolytic proceses comprises at least about 75 vol. % of a hexagonal ferrite component ceramic composition and no more than about 25 vol. % of a metal component.

Abstract: A two-layer contact having a silver backing and a silver cadmium oxide body which backing is relatively free of warpage and macroscopic voids is produced from a mixture of silver oxide, silver acetate and silver.

Abstract: A hard fine-grained internally stressed material of tungsten and carbon or tungsten, carbon and oxygen is described which is produced by thermochemical deposition. The material consists primarily of a two phase mixture of pure tungsten and an A15 structure, is free of columnar grain distribution, and has a hardness of greater than 1,200 VHN. The average grain size is less than 0.1 micron.

Abstract: A process for making capacitors using electrode compositions of finely divided particles of noble metals and certain inorganic metal oxides dispersed in an inert organic medium. Suitable inorganic metal oxides are MoO.sub.3, GeO.sub.2, Pb.sub.5 Ge.sub.3 O.sub.11, Nb.sub.2 O.sub.5, NiO, ZnO, SnO.sub.2, CdO, metal phosphates, metal fluorides, phosphate glasses, germanate glasses, fluoride glasses and mixtures and precursors thereof.

Abstract: A composition of material for use as a friction lining with a cast iron mating surface. The friction lining has an iron powder base that reacts with tin to alloy and hold substantially equal weight percentages of graphite and coke in a fixed position. The friction lining has a substantially constant wear rate up to 300.degree. C. and a linear wear rate between 300.degree.-500.degree. C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a metal-oxide ceramic composition useful in induction heating applications for treating uranium and uranium alloys. The ceramic composition is electrically conductive at room temperature and is nonreactive with molten uranium. The composition is prepared from a particulate admixture of 20 to 50 vol. % niobium and zirconium oxide which may be stabilized with an addition of a further oxide such as magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, or yttria. The composition is prepared by blending the powders, pressing or casting the blend into the desired product configuration, and then sintering the casting or compact in an inert atmosphere. In the casting operation, calcium aluminate is preferably added to the admixture in place of a like quantity of zirconia for providing a cement to help maintain the integrity of the sintered product.

Abstract: Disclosed are oxide dispersion strengthened high temperature alloy compositions which contain as the dispersoid one or more alumina-yttria mixed-oxides selected from the group consisting of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3.2Y.sub.2 O.sub.3, Al.sub.2 O.sub.3.Y.sub.2 O.sub.3, and 5Al.sub.2 O.sub.3.3Y.sub.2 O.sub.3.

Abstract: There is described a material for electrical contacts based on silver having 5 to 20 weight % tin oxide and 0.5 to 5 weight % tungsten oxide which has the welding strength reduced further without producing an increased switching temperature. The material contains additionally 0.1 to 5 weight % of bismuth oxide.

Abstract: A bearing material which is excellent in seizure resistance, wear resistance and conformability. The bearing material is prepared by sintering, on a backing steel sheet, a powder mixture consisting of Cu-Pb base alloy powder or its constituent metal powders and 1 to 30 wt. % of one or more members of hard material powders. The hard material powders mean the powders of Mo, Co, Fe.sub.3 P, Fe.sub.2 P, self-fusing alloys, FeB, Fe.sub.2 B, Fe-Cr, Fe-Mn, Fe-Si, Cr, W; SiC and other carbides, TiN and other nitrides, and SiO.sub.2 and other oxides. The bearing material of the present invention is characterized in that it has excellent sliding characteristics especially relative to the materials having rough surfaces.

Abstract: There are needed materials based on Ag/SnO.sub.2 to replace the known Ag/CdO materials for electrical contact on switches, which replacement materials contain an additional metal oxide component, without having to take into account an undesired temperature increase in the switching device. This is attained according to the invention with a material that contains 8-20 weight % tin oxide SnO.sub.2, 0.05-5 weight % tungsten oxide, balance silver.

Abstract: This invention relates to dispersion strengthening of metals. A coherent mass comprising an intimate blend of alloy powder and oxidant is formed prior to dispersion strengthening. Said coherent mass is easily formed because the alloy powder is not yet strengthened, and undergoes internal oxidation rapidly because of the intimate blend of alloy powder and oxidant.

Abstract: An improved process for hot working of dispersion-strengthened mechanically alloyed aluminum is provided based on a disclosed unconventional response of such material to thermomechanical processing. The process permits optimization of strength and workability and the production of aluminum alloys of very high strength.

Abstract: An electrical contact of the type having a working surface and comprising a ductile metal and weld inhibiting material includes a wetting agent present in an amount sufficient to reduce the surface energy between said contact surface and the liquid phase of the ductile metal. Improved wettability of the surface results in reduced arc erosion due to the spattering loss of ductile metal. Also, described is a method for selecting and testing proposed additives.

Abstract: Ag-SnO alloy contact materials of such dimensions which are hard to achieve internal oxidation without producing depleted cores due to lack of tin oxides, are produced by metallurgically integrating pieces of said alloy material, said pieces being of such dimensions that they are easily internally oxidized without any depleted cores. Integration consists of congregating or assemblying said pieces by kneading under pressure and at a temperature higher than 700.degree. C. into a mass in which said pieces coalesce to each other without any distinctive silver interface thereamong, and through which tin oxides are uniformly dispersed substantially without any grain boundaries.

Abstract: A sintered contact material of silver and at least two embedded metal oxides for use in electrical contacts in which the metal oxides are distributed alternatingly in the silver in different microscopic zones of the sintered contact material.

Abstract: This invention relates to intimate mixtures of ceramic materials and metals, usually referred to as cermets. A cermet of the invention comprises a first phase of ceramic particles and a second phase of a metallic material wherein at least a major proportion of the particles have their surfaces treated with an additive which forms a material capable of bonding together the materials of the first and second phase. The metallic phase may be gold, silver or a platinum group metal. The ceramic phase may be a refractory oxide of alumina and the additive is derived from at least one of the metals yttrium, aluminium, titanium, vanadium, chromium and nickel.The cermet materials of this invention are particularly useful in the manufacture of erosion resistant components used in glass making operations and in the electrical industry.

Abstract: An electrical contact material comprising silver, bismuth oxide and tin oxide with or without tin metal, wherein the amounts of the bismuth and the tin on the basis of the sum weight of the metals in both the metal component and in the metal oxide component are 1.5 to 6 weight percent and 0.1 to 6 weight percent, respectively. This electrical contact material has high resistance to both welding and arc erosion. An advantageous method of making the electrical contact material comprises preparing a metal alloy composed of all the above metals in the above weight ratio and internally oxidizing the bismuth completely in the alloy after shaping the alloy to a desired electrical contact material shape or after crushing the alloy to scaly flakes.

Abstract: An electrical contact material comprising a homogeneous, pressed and sintered mixture of from 85 to 90 percent silver metal powder, from 7.5 to 14.3 percent cadmium oxide powder, and from 0.50 to 3.0 percent zinc oxide powder, by weight, and having a weight ratio of zinc oxide to cadmium oxide content in the range from 0.05 to 0.25, is shown to display remarkably improved arc erosion and welding properties.

Abstract: A metallic material, particularly useful for electrical contacts, comprises a matrix metal, for example silver or copper, with additives embedded therein in powder form. However, while being in powder form the additives are arranged in elongate fiber like lengths preferably parallel fiber like lengths. A method of producing such a distribution is to fill a tube of the matrix metal with the powder and draw it out to wire thickness, bundle a number of such wires together and fuse the outer coverings to form a continuous matrix with embedded fiber like lengths of powder.

Abstract: An electrical contact material comprises from about 85 to 87.5 percent silver and from about 0.01 to 0.10 percent cobalt in the form of an oxide, by weight. The material also comprises from about 10.73 to 12.82 percent cadmium oxide, from about 1.6 to 2.0 percent zinc oxide, and from about 0.15 to 1.0 percent lead oxide, by weight, internally oxidized in situ in the contact material in an oxygen enriched atmosphere.

Abstract: A process for the preparation by sintering of molybdenum based alloys containing at least one reinforcing element, characterized in that at least one addition compound is introduced in the solid state into molybdenum used in the form of at least one of the components of the group consisting of the salts of molybdenum and the oxides of molybdenum, and that carbon is then added in sufficient quantity and the intimate mixture, after reduction of the molybdenum based component, is sintered at a temperature at which the said carbon at least partially reduces the addition compound.Addition compounds belonging to the group consisting of the mineral and organic compounds of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, thorium, aluminum, niobium, beryllium, boron and the rare earths are used.

Abstract: A material for use in making electrical contacts is produced in a powder form suitable for later processing into electrical contacts by standard metallurgical techniques. The material consists of a first metal, such as silver, and the oxide of a second metal, such as cadmium, added to the first metal in a proportion up to the limits of solubility of the second metal in the first metal. An oxide of a third metal having a low electronic work function level, such as lithium oxide, is added and uniformly distributed on the surfaces of the powder particles by precipitation. A fourth metal, such as tellurium, that is insoluble in the first metal is also added to provide selected characteristics.

Abstract: A material for use in making electrical contacts is produced in a powder form suitable for later processing into electrical contacts by standard metallurgical techniques. The material consists of a first metal, such as silver, and the oxide of a second metal, such as cadmium, added to the first metal in a proportion up to the limits of solubility of the second metal in the first metal. An oxide of a third metal having a low electronic work function level, such as lithium oxide, is added and uniformly distributed on the surfaces of the powder particles by precipitation. A fourth metal, such as tellurium, that is insoluble in the first metal is also added to provide selected characteristics.