Abstract: A mold flux for continuous casting has a base material composition containing 25 to 60 mass % of CaO, 15 to 45 mass % of SiO2, 5 to 25 mass % of F, 0.2 to 1.0 mass % of S, and 0 to 20 mass % of a total of Li2O, Na2O, and K2O, and in the base material composition, f(1) is 0.90 to 1.90, f(2) is 0.10 to 0.40, f(3) is 0 to 0.40, and a total of CaO, SiO2, F, S, Li2O, Na2O, and K2O is 90 to 100 mass %.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for dissolving metals in perhalide containing ionic liquids, and to the extraction of metals from mineral ores; the remediation of materials contaminated with heavy, toxic or radioactive metals; and to the removal of heavy and toxic metals from hydrocarbon streams.

Abstract: A method to separate and recover at least one metal from a source of oxidized and/or primary and secondary sulfide ores by determining and modifying the values of the dielectric constant of the minerals source.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are synthetic methods of producing silver nanowires with controlled morphology, as well as purifying the same. Also disclosed are coating solutions comprising populations of silver nanowires of certain length and diameter distributions.

Abstract: Iron ore pellets including a core comprising iron ore, a first coating comprising lime, and a second coating comprising cement, wherein the first coating is disposed between a surface of the core and the second coating. A process for manufacturing the iron ore pellets whereby the first coating is applied to the core to form a coated core, the surface area coverage of the first coating is measured, the second coating is applied to the coated core, and the surface area coverage of the second coating is measure. A process for manufacturing reduced iron pellets is also provided whereby the iron ore pellets are reduced with a reducing gas at temperatures up to 1100° C.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are synthetic methods of producing silver nanowires with controlled morphology, as well as purifying the same. Also disclosed are coating solutions comprising populations of silver nanowires of certain length and diameter distributions.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing silver nanowires is provided, wherein the recovered silver nanowires have a high aspect ratio; and, wherein the total glycol concentration is <0.001 wt % at all times during the process.

Abstract: A plasma-generating device includes an anode plate and a cathode plate spaced apart from the anode plate. The cathode plate includes a substrate and a hybrid diamond layer formed on the substrate. The hybrid diamond layer includes ultra-nanocrystalline diamond grains, an amorphous carbon disposed among and bonded to the ultra-nanocrystalline diamond grains, micro-crystalline diamond grains disposed among the ultra-nanocrystalline diamond grains, and a graphite phase disposed among the ultra-nanocrystalline diamond grains. Each of the micro-crystalline diamond grains is surrounded by the graphite phase.

Abstract: An application of carbon nanotubes on agglomerates of ore fines to increase the mechanical strength is provided. A process for the preparation of ore agglomerates having enhanced mechanical strength by the application of the carbon nanotubes is also provided.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for preparing a ferric nitrate (Fe(NO3)3) reagent, capable of serving as a solvent and copper species oxidizing agent in the ore curing, heap leaching, and/or run of mine (ROM) leaching of a copper ore hydrometallurgical process located at a brown field or green field, from an aqueous copper raffinate solution from the copper ore hydrometallurgical process of copper ore containing iron (II) (Fe2+), and the reagent prepared pursuant to this process.

Abstract: A noble metal adsorption agent includes algae or residue of algae having an amino group as a functional group. A noble metal is retrieved by a method including: adsorbing the noble metal on the noble metal adsorption agent; and retrieving the noble metal. The noble metal is solved in a liquid. Thus, by using the noble metal adsorption agent, the noble metal is selectively retrieved.

Abstract: Methods and compositions for the deposition of a film on a substrate. In general, the disclosed compositions and methods utilize a precursor containing calcium or strontium.

Abstract: A process for using an aqueous oxidizing solution includes at least steps of formulating the aqueous oxidizing solution by addition of ingredients to water; a metal solubilization step of oxidizing and thereby rendering soluble a desired at least one metal from a ground amount of ore in suspension; collecting a pregnant liquor from the suspension; and selectively removing at least a portion of the at least one metal from the liquor while at a pH of less than 3, such that any remaining liquid is a recyclable liquor. The aqueous oxidizing solution has a pH of less than 0.7 primarily as a result of the presence of at least one strong acid and persulphate anions. The aqueous oxidizing solution contains anions selected from a group consisting of chloride, bromide, iodide and nitrate.

Abstract: A method of forming monodispersed metal nanowires comprising: forming a reaction mixture including a metal salt, a capping agent and an ionic additive in a polar solvent at a first temperature; and forming metal nanowires by reducing the metal salt in the reaction mixture.

Abstract: Problem: To provide a material and a method for efficient and inexpensive extraction of rare metals that are included in urban minerals. Solution: A method for the extraction of lanthanoid elements and actinoid elements, said method comprising: an adsorption process wherein a metal-dissolved solution containing a target metal selected from lanthanoid elements and actinoid elements is made to come into contact with porous structures that carry metal-adsorbent compounds that are adsorbent to target metal ions so that the target metal ions in said solution are adsorbed by said metal-adsorbent compounds; and a target metal separation process wherein said porous structures are made to come into contact with a back-extraction solution so that the target metal ions that are adsorbed by said metal-absorbent compounds are transported to the back-extraction solution.

Abstract: Discloses a hydrometallurgical process and system for the recovery of precious metals; specifically palladium, rhodium, and platinum metals, at high purity and with limited waste and environmental fouling.

Abstract: A process for purifying Mo-99 from an acidic solution obtained by dissolving an irradiated solid target comprising uranium in an acidic medium, or from an acidic solution comprising uranium and which has previously been irradiated in a nuclear reactor, or from an acidic solution comprising uranium and which has been used as reactor fuel in a homogeneous reactor, the process comprising contacting the acidic solution with an adsorbent comprising a zirconium oxide, zirconium hydroxide, zirconium alkoxide, zirconium halide and/or zirconium oxide halide, and eluting the Mo-99 from the adsorbent using a solution of a strong base, the eluate then being subjected to a subsequent purification process involving an alkaline-based Mo-99 chromato-graphic recovery step on an anion exchange material. Also provided is apparatus for carrying out the process.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an Fe/Ni-containing material having a low content of sulfur from an Fe/Ni/SO4-containing liquid waste, a ferronickel mass using the Fe/Ni-containing material, and a method of manufacturing the ferronickel mass. The method includes: removing SO4 from an Fe/Ni/SO4-containing liquid waste by adding an SO4 neutralizing agent to the liquid waste so that pH of the liquid waste can be maintained to a pH level of 0.5 to 2.5; precipitating Fe and Ni in the form of hydroxide [(Ni,Fe)(OH)] by adding NaOH to the SO4-free solution; washing the precipitate with water; and manufacturing an Ni/Fe-containing material by filtering and drying the washed Ni/Fe-containing sludge. The method may be useful to suitably apply to the field of recycling of waste acids since an Fe/Ni-containing pellet and a high purity plaster are recovered as the stainless steel material from the waste water at the same time.

Abstract: A method for producing pressed articles containing coal particles, pressed articles obtained from such method, and the use of such pressed articles in methods for producing pig iron in a fixed bed or for producing carbon carriers for methods for producing pig iron in a fixed bed, are provided. To this end, a partial amount of the coal particles to be processed into pressed articles is impregnated with a substance before the material to be processed into pressed articles is mixed with a binder system containing water and finally being processed into pressed articles.

Abstract: Method and system for producing metallic nuggets includes providing reducible mixture of reducing material (such as carbonaceous material) and reducible iron bearing material (such as iron oxide) that may be arranged in discrete portions, such as mounds or briquettes, on at least a portion of a hearth material layer (such as carbonaceous material). A coarse overlayer of carbonaceous material may be provided over at least some of the discrete portions. Heating the reducible mixture to 1425° C. or 1400° C. or 1375° C. results in formation of an intermediate product of one or more metallic iron nuggets, which may have a sulfur content of less than 0.03%, and slag, which may have less than 5% mass MgO, which may have a ratio of percent by weight sulfur in the slag over percent by weight sulfur in the metallic nuggets of at least about 12 or at least about 15.

Abstract: The present invention involves a multifunctional frothing agent with collector and frothing functions for frothing flotation processes to recover valuable metals from minerals, based on organic residues selected from biosolids from wastewater treatment plants, organic sludge from biogas production systems, compost hydrosoluble organic matter or other similar biologically treated or stabilized organic in aerobic or anaerobic conditions, industrial sludge from industrial organic liquid waste treatments, hydrosoluble organic matter from vegetal peat, manure, dung or a combination of two or more of these, or a fraction of them, representing between 35% and 98% organic matter, apparent density between 0.2 and 0.8 g/mL, a pH between 6.0 and 8.5, an electrical conductivity between 4.0 and 15 mS/cm.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an agent for steel-making formed by aluminum-making slag, which is used by adding to molten steel, wherein said agent comprises: metal aluminum, aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, magnesium oxide, and calcium oxide. Said agent for steel-making is a deoxidizing agent, modifying agent, and slag regulating agent for steel-making. Said deoxidizing agent or modifying agent for steel-making may comprise by mass percentage 25-70% Al, 3-30% Al2O3, 10-30% CaO, 5-15% MgO, 3˜10% SiO2, and a small amount of impurities. Said slag regulating agent for steel-making may comprise by mass percentage 5-20% Al, 25-70% Al2O3, 10-50% CaO, 5-15% MgO, 3˜10% SiO2, and a small amount of impurities. The agent for steel-making of the present invention facilitates removing sulfur and other impurities from molten steel. In addition, the greatest advantage of this product lies in that it is capable of decreasing total cost of steel-making and improving efficiency of steel-making.

Abstract: A composition for cyanide leaching which comprises at least one nonionic surfactant and a process for extracting metals using the abovementioned composition are described.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for recovering lithium from a starting material comprising lithium. According to the invention, the starting material is heated with carbon in a reactor by carrying out direct inductive heating of the carbon.

Abstract: A filter cake, including a first metal in an insoluble form and/or filtrate comprising Cr in a soluble form, obtained by a method involving filtering an aqueous slurry of a metal-bearing raw source material comprising the first metal in an insoluble form, soluble and/or insoluble Cr in a Cr bearing material as a second metal, and organic and inorganic compounds, after adjusting the pH of the slurry to an alkaline pH sufficient to convert soluble Cr present to an insoluble form and selectively leaching the Cr by adding a leaching agent in an amount sufficient to convert Cr to a soluble form while the first metal remains in the slurry in an insoluble form.

Abstract: Provided is a carbon composite briquette which is used as the raw material of a movable hearth furnace for producing reduced iron having a sufficient carbon content and a higher crushing strength, and also provided is a method for producing reduced iron using the carbon composite briquette. The carbon composite briquette for producing reduced iron has a total SiO2+Al2O3+CaO+MgO content that is between 7 and 15 mass %; an MgO content that is between 0.1 and 6 mass %; an Al2O3/SiO2 mass ratio that is between 0.34 and 0.52; a CaO/SiO2 mass ratio that is between 0.25 and 2.0; and a C content such that between 1 and 9 mass % of C is retained in the resulting reduced iron.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing an Fe/Ni-containing material having a low content of sulfur from an Fe/Ni/SO4-containing liquid waste, a ferronickel mass using the Fe/Ni-containing material, and a method of manufacturing the ferronickel mass. The method includes: removing SO4 from an Fe/Ni/SO4-containing liquid waste by adding an SO4 neutralizing agent to the liquid waste so that pH of the liquid waste can be maintained to a pH level of 0.5 to 2.5; precipitating Fe and Ni in the form of hydroxide [(Ni,Fe)(OH)] by adding NaOH to the SO4-free solution; washing the precipitate with water; and manufacturing an Ni/Fe-containing material by filtering and drying the washed Ni/Fe-containing sludge. The method may be useful to suitably apply to the field of recycling of waste acids since an Fe/Ni-containing pellet and a high purity plaster are recovered as the stainless steel material from the waste water at the same time.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing an agglomerate, which is used as a blast furnace feed material, by mixing a fine material containing metal and/or metal oxide, a mineral binder, which comprises a mineral raw material and a lime-based material, and optionally other additives to form a mass and solidifying the mass to form an agglomerate, wherein a raw material comprising a silicon oxide fraction of at least 40 wt %, a fine grain fraction of less than 4 ?m of at least 20 wt %, and a grain size fraction of less than 1 ?m of at least 10 wt % is used as the mineral raw material. The invention further relates to a blast furnace feed material that can be produced by means of the method according to the invention, and to a pre-mixture for producing the blast furnace feed material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for dissolving metals in perhalide containing ionic liquids, and to the extraction of metals from mineral ores; the remediation of materials contaminated with heavy, toxic or radioactive metals; and to the removal of heavy and toxic metals from hydrocarbon streams.

Abstract: An anti-oxidative agent for molten metal containing at least nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, organic amine, phosphoric acid, and phytic acid. A method of preparing the anti-oxidative agent for molten metal, by a) heating an organic amine to between 60 and 100° C., adding a nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, and stirring for between 3 and 5 min to yield a mixture; and b) cooling the mixture to between 30 and 100° C., and adding phosphoric acid and phytic acid and stirring for between 10 and 15 min. The anti-oxidative agent for molten metal has no flash point and spreads quickly on the liquid surface, providing high reduction efficiency at lost cost.

Abstract: There is provided a producing method of metal fine particles or metal oxide fine particles for producing metal fine particles or metal oxide fine particles by atomizing raw materials by performing processes including an oxidizing process and a reducing process to the raw materials composed of metal or a metal compound.

Abstract: Subterranean drill bits having good erosion resistance, strength, toughness, and thermal stability are disclosed. The drill bits comprise a bit body carrying at least one cutting element and having an infiltrated metal matrix. The infiltrated metal matrix comprises a matrix powder composition bound together by an infiltrant. The matrix powder mixture includes cast tungsten carbide powder having a particle size of ?30 (600 micron) +140 mesh (106 micron), a second component powder consisting of one or more other types of tungsten carbide particles, and a metal powder.

Abstract: Aqueous leachant compositions and processes for using the same comprising: (a) providing a metal-containing compound; and (b) subjecting the metal-containing compound to an acid digestion comprising contacting the metal-containing compound with an aqueous leachant; wherein the aqueous leachant comprises a mixture selected from the group consisting of: (i) sulfuric acid and one or more alkanesulfonic acids having alkane moieties selected from the group consisting of propyl, ethyl and methyl groups, at a weight ratio of alkanesulfonic acid to sulfuric acid of 1:1000 to 1:1; (ii) sulfuric acid and one or more salts of alkanesulfonic acids having alkane moieties selected from the group consisting of propyl, ethyl and methyl groups, at a weight ratio of salt of alkanesulfonic acid to sulfuric acid of 1:9 to 1:99.

Abstract: There is provided a protective gas composition for preventing combustion of a molten magnesium/magnesium alloy, containing a compound selected from the group consisting of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (HFC-245fa), 1,3,3,3-tetrafluoropropene (OHFC-1234ze), methyl 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether (HFE-254pc), which are fluorine-containing organic compounds, and mixtures thereof; and a carrier gas.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing wax/oil-in-water (O/W) dispersions of self-emulsifying O/W gel concentrates without stirring or in a laminar flow field.

Abstract: A surfactant of formula 1 (Rf-A)a-Q-([B]k—R)b??Formula 1 wherein a and b are each independently 1 or 2; Rf is a linear or branched perfluoroalkyl radical having from 2 to about 20 carbon atoms, optionally interrupted with at least one oxygen; R is a C1 to C20 linear, branched or cyclic alkyl, or a C6 to C10 aryl; B is —(CH2CHR1O)x—, k is 0 or 1, x is 1 to about 20, A is —(CH2)m[(CHR1CH2O)]s—[(CH2)m(CH)tCHOH(CH2)m]e—, wherein each m is independently 0 to 3, s is 0 to about 30, t is 0 or 1, and e is 0 or 1, R1 is H or CH3, Q is: —OP(O)(O?M+)(O)—, —O—, —S—(CH2)m—C(O)—O—, —SO2—O— —CH2CH2O—C(O)CH2C(OH)(V)CH2C(O)O—; —(CH2CH2O)xCH2CH(OH)—(CH2CH2O)x—(CH2)m—Si[OSi(R2)3]2—, —SO2NR2—, —(CH2CH2O)zC(O)CH(SO3?M+)CH2C(O)(OCH2CH2)z— wherein z is 1 to about 15, or a bond when s is a positive integer, V is —C(O)OR3 and R3 is H, CH3 or Rf; R2 is C1 to C4 alkyl, and M+ is a Group 1 metal or an ammonium (NHxR2y)+ cation wherein x+y=4, and R2 is C1 to C4 alkyl, provided that when Q is —OP(O)(O?M+)(O)— or when Q is —(

Abstract: Disclosed are cover gas compositions comprising fluoroolefins for impeding the oxidation of molten nonferrous metals and alloys, such as magnesium. The cover gas compositions can include at least one fluoroolefin and a carrier gas.

Abstract: An anti-oxidative agent for molten metal containing at least nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, organic amine, phosphoric acid, and phytic acid. A method of preparing the anti-oxidative agent for molten metal, by a) heating an organic amine to between 60 and 100° C., adding a nonylphenol polyoxyethylene ether, and stirring for between 3 and 5 min to yield a mixture; and b) cooling the mixture to between 30 and 100° C., and adding phosphoric acid and phytic acid and stirring for between 10 and 15 min. The anti-oxidative agent for molten metal has no flash point and spreads quickly on the liquid surface, providing high reduction efficiency at lost cost.

Abstract: Biocidal compositions and their use in aqueous media, such as metalworking fluids, the compositions comprising a biocidal agent; and a non-biocidal primary amino alcohol compound of the formula (I); wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5 are as defined herein.

Abstract: A gold nanostructure, comprising a substrate, a dielectric material, one or more of gold nanoparticles is provided together with related devices and methods.

Abstract: An improved process and composition for the extraction of metal from a metal-laden ore, soil or rock is provided. A liquid, three-component aqueous lixiviant comprises water, an alkali metal salt and a low pH acidic composition. A four-component aqueous lixiviant comprises water, a low pH acidic composition, an alkali metal salt and an acid having a pH value less than 2. Both lixiviant compositions are efficient for extracting metal into a pregnant liquid solution. The pregnant solution is treated by known conventional means, such as filtration, centrifuging or electrolysis to remove the extracted metals. The three-component and four-component aqueous lixiviants of the present invention are non-toxic, meaning, not an irritant or deleterious to humans or the environment and perform, as well as, or better than known toxic cyanide lixiviants.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for conducting a metallurgical process. In one form, iron oxides in the form of mill scale is placed in a container and subjected to heat thereby largely reducing the mill scale and largely converting it to metallic iron that can then be used in steel making processes, such as electric arc furnaces and the like. In one form, the container prevents volatile gases (such as gases given off when oily mill scale is heated) for a sufficient time so that the volatile gases heated to a high enough temperature to maximize pyrolysis and decomposition. In one form, vents are provided in the containers that are aligned with collection vents in the heating furnace so that any volatile gases may be easily removed without loss of large quantities of heat.

Abstract: Method and system for producing metallic nuggets includes providing reducible mixture of reducing material (such as carbonaceous material) and reducible iron bearing material (such as iron oxide) that may be arranged in discrete portions, such as mounds or briquettes, on at least a portion of a hearth material layer (such as carbonaceous material). A coarse overlayer of carbonaceous material may be provided over at least some of the discrete portions. Heating the reducible mixture to 1425° C. or 1400° C. or 1375° C. results in formation of an intermediate product of one or more metallic iron nuggets, which may have a sulfur content of less than 0.03%, and slag, which may have less than 5% mass MgO, which may have a ratio of percent by weight sulfur in the slag over percent by weight sulfur in the metallic nuggets of at least about 12 or at least about 15.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to a process and chemical composition for the removal of adherent niobium-rich second-phase particles (SPPs) from pickled niobium-containing zirconium alloys which includes applying to the alloy surface a chemical composition comprising alkaline hydrogen peroxide; an alkali metal meta-silicate; and a magnesium salt.

Abstract: A method of forming monodispersed metal nanowires comprising: forming a reaction mixture including a metal salt, a capping agent and a quaternary ammonium chloride in a reducing solvent at a first temperature; and forming metal nanowires by reducing the metal salt in the reaction mixture.

Abstract: A composition for cyanide leaching which comprises at least one nonionic surfactant and a process for extracting metals using the abovementioned composition are described.

Abstract: A foaming agent used for manufacturing a foamed or porous metal. The agent is composed of a foamable powder and a coating layer of SiO2 covering the particle surfaces of the powder and having a good wetting property therewith.

Abstract: A method for separating metals from metal-containing materials by extraction without generating large quantities of liquid waste is disclosed. Also disclosed is an extractant composition for use with this method. The method comprises exposing a metal-containing material to a solvent, such as supercritical carbon dioxide, an acid-base complex, and a chelating agent that is not a component of the acid-base complex. The metal is released into the solvent by a combination of oxidation by an oxidizing agent in the acid-base complex and chelation by the chelating agent. The oxidizing agent in the acid-base complex is solubilized by a solubilizing agent. The disclosed method and composition have many applications and are particularly well suited for the extraction of transition metals, including, but not limited to, platinum group metals, nom a metals and coinage metals. Applications include the recovery of metals from scrap materials and the planarization of semiconductor structures.

Abstract: Disclosed are cover gas compositions comprising fluoroolefins for impeding the oxidation of molten nonferrous metals and alloys, such as magnesium.

Abstract: Cermet material obtained from unused inert anodes, used inert anodes and cermet used in the production of inert anodes is beneficiated into a nonferrous metal concentrate composition from which metal values contained in the composition may be readily recovered by using a conventional smelting process. The invention also relates to the use of the composition in a smelting process for the recovery of metal values from the cermet composition of the invention.