Abstract: A method for generating nanoparticles in a liquid comprises generating groups of ultrafast laser pulses, each pulse in a group having a pulse duration of from 10 femtoseconds to 200 picoseconds, and each group containing a plurality of pulses with a pulse separation of 1 to 100 nanoseconds and directing the groups of pulses at a target material in a liquid to ablate it. The multiple pulse group ablation produces nanoparticles with a reduced average size, a narrow size distribution, and improved production efficiency compared to prior pulsed ablation systems.

Abstract: There is provided a method for efficiently manufacturing metal nano particles without condensing laser beams by using a lens etc. In this method, first, metallic foil pieces, which are a starting material, are dispersed in a dispersion liquid. Next, laser beams are irradiated directly to the metallic foil pieces without providing a condensing means, by which many metal fine particles are yielded. The particle diameters of the metal fine particles obtained can be controlled to sizes from nano particles to submicron particles by utilizing the relationship between the shape (especially thickness) of the metallic foil piece which is a starting material and the absorbed energy of the laser beam.

Abstract: [Problem]To provide a method for producing an electrocatalyst having no compositional scatter, wherein nano-level alloy catalyst molecules with an ordered particle size are supported in a highly dispersed state. [Means of Solution] The method includes the steps of preparing a reverse micelle solution by mixing two or more catalyst precursors selected from among metal salts and/or metal complexes, a solvent having hydrophilic groups and a non-aqueous solvent, forming alloy particles in the reverse micelle by adding a non-aqueous solution having a reducing action to the reverse micelle and heating, and supporting the alloy particles on a carrier.

Abstract: Crystalline noble metal nanostructures and methods for their preparation.

Abstract: A process of water-granulating copper smelting slag can readily suppress elution of As from the copper smelting slag. A process of water-granulating a copper smelting slag with granulation water in a circulating system, includes granulating the copper smelting slag with the granulation water; settling suspended solids from the granulation water circulating in the system in a settling tank followed by discharging part of the granulation water through the settling tank from the system; and feeding supplementary water having a concentration of As of 0.01 mg/L or less into the system in such an amount that the total amount of the granulation water circulating in the system is kept constant; wherein the amount of granulation water discharged through the settling tank is such that As eluted from the copper smelting slag after water granulation is 0.01 mg/L or less.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of manufacturing a metal flake, including the steps of: applying metal ink containing an organic metal compound onto a substrate; calcining the metal ink applied on the substrate to form a thin metal film; separating the formed thin metal film from the substrate; and pulverizing the separated thin metal film. The method of manufacturing a metal flake is characterized in that the thickness and size of metal flakes can be easily adjusted, metal flakes having excellent conductivity and gloss can be obtained, and metal flakes can be mass-produced using environmentally friendly and economical methods.

Abstract: Provided herein are systems, methods, and compositions for magnetic nanoparticles and bulk nanocomposite magnets.

Abstract: An aerosol-assisted method for synthesis of nanostructured metallic electrocatalysts and the electrocatalysts formed thereby. The electrocatalyst may be formed from metals such as, but not limited to, platinum, platinum group metals, and binary and tertiary compositions thereof such as, for example, platinum-ruthenium and platinum-tin. The resulting unsupported electrocatalyst is homogenous and highly disperse.

Abstract: In a method for producing a hydrogen generating material including at least one metal powder selected from the group consisting of an aluminum powder and an aluminum alloy powder of the present invention, a metal flake powder is formed by pulverizing aluminum or aluminum alloy mechanically in a treatment solvent containing an organic solvent that is corrosive to aluminum. The hydrogen generating material of the present invention includes, e.g., at least one metal powder selected from the group consisting of an aluminum powder and an aluminum alloy powder. The metal powder is in the form of a flake and includes 60 wt % or more of aluminum in the metallic state. The carbon content of the metal powder measured by a combustion-infrared absorption method is 0.5 wt % or less.

Abstract: A process of water-granulating copper smelting slag can readily suppress elution of As from the copper smelting slag. A process of water-granulating a copper smelting slag with granulation water in a circulating system, includes granulating the copper smelting slag with the granulation water; settling suspended solids from the granulation water circulating in the system in a settling tank followed by discharging part of the granulation water through the settling tank from the system; and feeding supplementary water having a concentration of As of 0.01 mg/L or less into the system in such an amount that the total amount of the granulation water circulating in the system is kept constant; wherein the amount of granulation water discharged through the settling tank is such that As eluted from the copper smelting slag after water granulation is 0.01 mg/L or less.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to flotation of refractory gold sulfide ores in which the ore is ground, floated, the tailings reground, and refloated to produce gold-bearing concentrates.

Abstract: The present invention provides a metallic composition, which includes a plurality of ultra-fine copper flakes having at least one desirable feature, such as oxidation resistance and excellent dispersibility in a non-aqueous system. Also provided is a method for forming compositions having a plurality of ultra-fine copper flakes, and the metallic composition produced therewith.

Abstract: A method for preparing a nano-sized metal powder feedstock comprises the steps of preparing a nano-sized metal powder, mixing the metal powder with a solution of an organic binder in a solvent, and wet-milling the mixture so that aggregates of the metal powder are uniformly formed. Further disclosed is a method for producing a sintered body using the feedstock.

Abstract: A method for making nanoparticles includes the steps of dipping a metal element in a solution that contains metallic ions or ions with a metal, wherein the metal element has a lower electronegativity or redox potential than that of the metal in the ions, and rubbing the metal element to make nanoparticles. Another method for making nanoparticles includes the steps of dipping a metal element in a solution that contains metallic ions or ions with a metal, wherein the metal element has a lower electronegativity or redox potential than that of the metal in the ions, and applying sonic energy to at least one of the metal element and solution. A further method for making copper nanoparticles includes the step of adding ascorbic acid to a copper salt solution.

Abstract: Produce high-function water useful for consumption as healthy drinking water or in the production of health supplements, cosmetic products, food preservatives, freshness-keeping agents for food, insect repellents or deodorizers, wherein such water contains micro-dispersed ultra-fine gold particles and a small amount of dissolved gold and is produced by constructing in the upper section of a high-pressure water tank a combustion chamber equipped with an injector nozzle for oxygen-hydrogen mixture gas, an ignition device and a gold-rod or gold-wire feeder, igniting the injector nozzle for oxygen-hydrogen mixture gas using the ignition device in the combustion chamber to melt and evaporate the gold rod or wire supplied from the feeder or water in which gold foil was dispersed beforehand and to allow the produced gold vapor to contact high-pressure water, and thereby causing the produced ultra-fine gold particles to float and disperse in water.

Abstract: Apparatus and method for producing metallic flake having an environmental coating for use in oxidative and corrosive atmospheres. Fluidized bed techniques are utilized to perform a controlled oxidation of metallic particles that include aluminum. The fluidized techniques permit the formation of a thin, outer shell of alumina over the outer surface of the flake. Because the oxidation is controlled so that the selective oxidation produces a thin outer shell, the particle has good reflectance and the metallic core of the particle is unaffected by the oxidizing treatment. Although the techniques of the present invention are effective for producing a reflective surface on aluminum-containing iron alloys while the core particles can be either magnetically soft or hard, the techniques can be used to produce a reflective surface that is corrosion and oxidation resistant on any aluminum containing alloy. Apparatus that facilitates the controlled oxidation is also set forth.

Abstract: A method for producing ultra microparticles including steps: dissolving or dispersing at least one of metallic salts into a solvent to form a solution, and irradiating a microwave to the solution to produce the ultra microparticles made of a metal in the metallic salt.

Abstract: A process for preparing carbonyl iron silicide comprises heat treatment of an iron/silicon mixture comprising a) from 20 to 99.9% by weight of finely divided carbonyl iron and b) from 0.1 to 80% by weight of finely divided silicon powder. Also provided are a carbonyl iron silicide obtainable by alloying carbonyl iron with silicon and a carbonyl iron suicide which has a higher inductance than carbonyl iron powder.

Abstract: There is provided a high-purity ruthenium sputtering target with a low impurity content, in particular producing extremely few particles, which is suitable for applications such as the formation of semiconductor thin films. The high-purity ruthenium sputtering target is manufactured by feeding crude ruthenium powder into a sodium hydroxide solution; blowing an ozone-containing gas while or after blowing chlorine gas into the solution to form ruthenium tetroxide; absorbing the ruthenium tetroxide in a hydrochloric acid solution or a mixed solution of hydrochloric acid and ammonium chloride, and evaporating the solution to dryness; sintering the resultant ruthenium salt in a hydrogen atmosphere to form high-purity ruthenium powder; and hot-pressing the ruthenium powder into a sputtering target.

Abstract: A process comprises forming ruthenium tetroxide by blowing ozone-containing gas into crude ruthenium powder while hypochlorous acid is being added to the powder, allowing a hydrochloric acid solution to absorb the ruthenium tetroxide, evaporating the solution to dryness, and roasting the RuOCl.sub.3 crystals thus obtained in a hydrogen atmosphere. Thus a high-purity ruthenium material for thin film deposition, typically sputtering targey, is obtained which contains less than 1 ppm each of alkali metal elements, less than 1 ppm each of alkaline earth metal elements, less than 1 ppm each of transition metal elements, less than 10 ppb each of radioactive elements, a total of less than 500 ppm of carbon and gaseous ingredient elements, the material having a purity of ruthenium of at least 99.995% excluding the gaseous ingredient elements.

Abstract: An economical process and associated hardware for commercial manufacture of controllable submicrometer size metallic powders for electronic and other applications. The method is based on the preparation of a stable high concentration precursor solution, production of a high density aerosol mist of the precursor solutions, selection of mist droplets with upper and lower size bounds, controlled drying of the droplets, their conversion to metallic powder in a high temperature gaseous atmosphere and the separation of the powders from carrier gases without significant loss inside the process hardware.

Abstract: According to the present invention there is now provided a method for preparing a powder containing W and Co and/or Ni characterized in reacting APT and a soluble salt of Co (Ni) in water at temperatures from room temperature to the boiling point of the solution keeping the solution pH at a constant level during the chemical reactions. The powder is filtered off, dried and reduced to a metallic powder which may be further carburized to form a powder containing WC and Co and/or Ni.

Abstract: There is disclosed a method for preparing a powder containing ammonium salts of W+Co(Ni) complex ions, through chemical reactions, in a water solution at temperatures from 70.degree. C. to the boiling point and at pH around neutral, between tungstate salts and cobalt (nickel) salts characterized in that said tungstate salts are the highly soluble sodium tungstate or ammonium metatungstate.

Abstract: Doped tungsten powder, or sintered tungsten bodies formed therefrom, having a fine dispersion of oxide particles of at least one metal from the group zirconium, hafnium, lanthanum, yttrium, and rare earth's are formed by the method of this invention. A mixture of a salt solution comprised of a soluble salt of the metal, and a tungsten blue oxide powder is formed. A hydroxide precipitating solution is admixed with the mixture to form a hydroxide precipitate of the metal on the tungsten blue oxide powder. The tungsten blue oxide powder and hydroxide precipitate are heated in a reducing atmosphere to form the tungsten powder having the dispersion of oxide particles. The doped tungsten powder can be consolidated and sintered to form tungsten bodies having a fine dispersion of the metal oxide.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for producing an agglomerated molybdenum plasma spray powder with a controlled level of oxygen which comprises forming a relatively uniform mixture of agglomerated powders containing molybdenum dioxide and one or more ammonium-containing compounds of molybdenum wherein the mixture has an oxygen content of greater than about 25% by weight and reducing the mixture in a moving bed furnace at a temperature of from about 700.degree. C. to about 1000.degree. C. for a sufficient time to remove a portion of the oxygen therefrom and form reduced molybdenum powder agglomerates having an oxygen content of no greater than about 25% by weight. The reduction takes place in the direction from the outside surface of the agglometates to the inside surface.