Abstract: The invention discloses a method for synergistically preparing ferrosilicon alloy and glass-ceramics from photovoltaic waste slag and non-ferrous metal smelting iron slag, and belongs to the technical field of collaborative resource utilization of various smelting slag areas. According to the method, the zinc rotary kiln slag and a reduction tempering agent are subjected to batching, mixing and high-temperature melting to form a reduction-state iron-containing material. The iron-containing material and the silicon slag are further subjected to mixed melting, water quenching and sorting to obtain the ferrosilicon alloy and residual waste slag. The residual waste slag is subjected to tempering, melting, molding, annealing and heat treatment to obtain the glass ceramics. According to the method, the ferrosilicon alloy and the glass ceramics are prepared from the silicon slag and the zinc rotary kiln slag, and a collaborative resource utilization target of the regional smelting slag is achieved.

Abstract: A method of treating an offgas includes purifying the offgas to remove particulate matter, water, undesirable gaseous components and inert gases to produce a dried carbon oxide gas feedstock, and converting at least a portion of carbon oxides in the dried carbon oxide gas feedstock into solid carbon. In other embodiments, a method includes passing a dried carbon oxide gas feedstock through a multi-stage catalytic converter. A first stage is configured to catalyze methane-reforming reactions to convert methane into carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and hydrogen with residual methane. A second stage is configured to catalyze the Bosch reaction and convert carbon oxides and hydrogen to solid carbon and water.

Abstract: In order to carry out foaming of a slag having a high ratio of chromium oxide having values of often above 20% of a non-corrosive melt in an AOD (Argon Oxygen Decarburization) or MRP (Metallurgical Refining Process) converter or CONARC SSt for stainless steel by adding a foam material, according to the invention a previously defined mixture (5) of a metal oxide, iron carrier, carbon and binding material in the form of pellets or briquettes (4) is introduced into the converter, which reacts in a chemically reducing manner under the slag layer (2) due to the high ambient temperature, wherein gaseous carbon monoxide formed in particular by means of the reduction process of the metal oxide with the carbon within the pellets or briquettes (4) induces the slag foaming with the gas bubbles (7) thereof and wherein the specific density of the pellets or briquettes (4) and the resolve time of the reduction process are selected so that optimal bubble formation in respect of size and duration is achieved.

Abstract: A method of suppressing slag foaming that can grasp a state of slag foaming in the continuous melting furnace and accurately suppress the slag foaming so as to enable continuous production of molten metal in a stable state. This method includes charging of a suppressor into slag in the furnace, measuring a flow rate of a flue gas discharged from the continuous melting furnace during blowing of the slag over time, increasing a charging speed rate of the suppressor if the flue gas flow rate has an increasing tendency and decreasing the charging speed rate of the suppressor if the flue gas flow rate has a decreasing tendency.

Abstract: A method for reducing the chromium content from a metallurgical slag, in which the slag is charged onto an iron bath in the liquid state and the reduction of Cr is effected by the iron bath having a C content of 2 to 4% by weight, wherein a) the Cr-containing slag having a Cr content of 2 to 20% by weight is charged onto an iron bath having a C content of below 1% by weight, whereupon b) the carbon content of the iron bath is raised to about 2 to 4% by weight by the addition of carbon carriers at the simultaneous supply of energy, c) the liquid slag having a Cr content of about 0.1% by weight is tapped after the reduction of Cr, d) a cooling agent, preferably scrap, is added to the iron melt and the C content of the melt is lowered to below 1% by weight, and e) a portion of the Cr-containing melt is tapped in the liquid state, while the remaining portion is left in the converter in the liquid state for the treatment of the subsequent melt.

Abstract: A slag composition containing from about 85 to about 99 weight percent of steelmaking slag and from about 1 to about 15 weight percent of a foaming additive. The steelmaking slag is at a temperature of from about 2500 to about 3100 degrees Fahrenheit. The foaming additive contains from about 20 to about 80 weight percent of a source of elemental carbon, from about 5 to about 80 weight percent of calcium carbide, and from about 25 to about 75 weight percent of anoxide compound. The weight ratio of the source of elemental carbon to the calcium carbide is at least 2.

Abstract: Deoxidizing compositions and two-stage methods for deoxidizing molten steel produce purer steel products, at lower cost, than traditional aluminum and silicon-based deoxidation technologies. A first deoxidizing composition is free from elemental aluminum and reduces oxygen content primarily by the conversion of carbon to carbon monoxide, along with the conversion of silicon to silica. A subsequently-added second deoxidizing composition lowers the oxygen content to a highly desirable level, with the production of substantially less alumina impurities than the prior art technologies.

Abstract: In a method for treating slags or slag mixtures having iron oxide contents of >5 wt. -%, in particular steelworks slags, in which the steel slags optionally mixed with other slags are charged onto a metal bath, a steel bath having a carbon content of <1.5 wt. -%, preferably <0.5 wt. -%, is used as the metal bath and the steel bath, after the charging of the steel slags, is carburized to above 2.0 wt. -% C, preferably >2.5 wt. -% C, by introducing carbon or carbon carriers.

Abstract: A steel processing material comprises a dried post combustion material (PCM) and a slag foaming material.

Abstract: A process that produces pozzolanes, synthetic blast furnace slags, belite, or alite clinkers, as well as pig iron alloys, from oxidic liquid slag. The oxidic liquid slag is reduced above an iron bath in a reactor containing submerged tuyeres. Carbon is blown through the submerged tuyeres and into the iron bath to maintain the iron bath at a carbon content of between 2.5 wt % and 4.6 wt %.

Abstract: An iron scrap having a composition comprising iron and iron-soluble elements in the sum of 100 mass %, and containing Cu, elements of the Groups IIIa, VIII, Ib, IIb, IIIb, IVb and Vb having affinity with Cu, and unavoidable impurities, is melted in an oxygen-containing atmosphere. A predetermined amount of C, and whenever necessary, a predetermined amount of at least one of Cr and Mo and/or a predetermined amount of at least one of Mn, V and Ti, are added to the molten steel. The molten iron is then separated into an Fe-enriched layer and a Cu-enriched layer under the molten state. Cu and the above elements having affinity with Cu are separated and precipitated into the Cu-enriched layer by utilizing the difference of the specific gravity between the layers. According to this method, impurity elements detrimental to the stable production of a steel material having a homogeneous property, such as Cu, Sn, etc., can be removed economically and efficiently when the iron scrap is recycled.

Abstract: A continuous process for recovering vanadium values from petroleum coke is disclosed. A vanadium containing coke is charged to a molten metal bath to which oxygen containing gas is added in an amount sufficient to heat balance the process and produce off gas. The carbon in the coke dissolves in the molten metal bath as does the vanadium content of the coke. A majority, and preferably all, of the net addition of vanadium to the process is removed in the form of “dust” from the molten metal bath.

Abstract: A process for the recovery of vanadium from a petroleum coke or heavy hydrocarbon feed comprising dissolving the feed in a molten metal bath to which oxygen containing gas is added to maintain heat balance and bum off carbon. Preferably the feed is added via a high pressure nozzle as a coke/steam mixture discharged down into a molten metal bath. Preferably the net gas make from the molten metal reactor is quenched and/or cooled to permit dust recovery, with recycle of dust to the molten metal reactor. An iron/vanadium product is withdrawn from the molten metal reactor as a product.

Abstract: A process for producing a foaming slag above a stainless steel melted in an electric furnace, in which: a powder containing at least one metal oxide and carbon in its composition is introduced into the slag, at least one oxide present in the powder is reduced by its reaction with the carbon to form in the slag bubbles composed of the metal of the metal oxide and of carbon monoxide, the bubbles present in the slag giving rise to a slag in the form of a stable foam.

Abstract: A method of liquid iron production using high sulfur fuels is provided in which the level of sulfur in the iron is maintained below 0.1%. The low sulfur content is achieved even in the presence of high sulfur concentrations in the reducing gases and without the introduction of lime or limestone. According to one aspect, liquid iron in the fusion zone of a smelting system is saturated with carbon, thereby desulfurizing the liquid iron. The carbon saturation level is at least 4.5% carbon by weight and preferably, at least 5.0% carbon by weight. According to another aspect, the desulfurization of the liquid iron is enhanced by elevating the tapping temperatures to temperatures in excess of 1465° C., and preferably of about 1490° C. According to another aspect, the desulfurization process is supplemented by the presence of significant levels of silicon and/or manganese, both of which are highly soluble in the liquid iron.

Abstract: The tundish flux composition of the invention employs solid recycled ladle metallurgy furnace (LMF) slag as a fluidizing and refining base ingredient in a mixture of raw materials. The preferred recycled LMF slag material comprises about 35% to about 65% CaO, about 10% to about 35% Al2O3, about 1% to about 10% SiO2, about 3% to about 15% MgO, about 0.3% to about 10% FeO, about 0.1% to about 5% MnO, about 0.1% to about 0.15% P2O5, and about 0.1% to about 0.5% S. The tundish flux composition comprises from about 10% to about 80% of recycled LMF slag with the balance being raw materials selected from a calcium oxide source, a fluorine source, a magnesium oxide source, a carbon source, a silica source, a sodium source, a potassium source, and mixtures of these raw materials.

Abstract: In a process for separating tin as well as, if required, copper from scrap melts, in particular, tinplate melts or metallic melts as formed in the working up of waste or metal-oxide-containing combustion residues, the carbon content of the melt is adjusted to 3 to 4.2% by weight and hot wind, oxygen or air enriched with oxygen is locally blown on partial regions of the surface of the melt bath, whereby SnO is discharged, via the gaseous phase, from the redox-gradient-exhibiting zone formed between the carbon-rich bath and the iron oxides produced by top-blowing.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for monitoring and control of smeltmetallurgical processes, endothermic as well as exothermic ones, preferably pyrometallurgical processes, by means of optical spectrometry, whereby one first determines for each endothermic and exothermic smeltmetallurgical process and/or process step characteristic emissions or absorptions and identifies the atomic or molecular origin of the emissions/absorptions, that one during a running process records changes in the characteristic emissions/absorptions and relates these changes to the condition of the process and with reference hereto controls the process.

Abstract: To produce deoxidized steel by the addition of deoxidizing agents to molten crude steel having an oxygen content of at least 200 ppm and the subsequent addition of alloying agents, the deoxidation is realized at least partially under the formation of liquid deoxidation products by the simultaneous addition of the two deoxidizing agents FeSi and FeMn. The method according to the invention ensures a great analytical precision of the steel and is not limited to the production of certain steels.

Abstract: A method for sulphur and silicon control in the production of ferrochromium is characterized by controlling the reducing conditions in a melting furnace into which have been fed the highly pre-reduced products of a reduction smelter and by adjusting the CaO content of the final slag.