Abstract: A method for ironmaking by smelting reduction in a stir-generated vortex includes: (1) placing a pig iron in an induction furnace, and then heating the pig iron to a molten state to form a molten iron, and maintaining the molten iron to be greater than or equal to 1450° C.; (2) stirring a center of the molten iron to form a vortex with a height-to-diameter ratio of 0.5-2.5, and continuously performing stirring; (3) mixing and grinding on an iron-containing mineral, a reducing agent and a slag-forming agent in a mass ratio of 1:(0.1-0.15):(0.25-0.4) to obtain a powder mixture, spraying and blowing the powder mixture to a center of the vortex, performing a reduction reaction, and stopping the stirring after the molten iron and molten slags are obtained, wherein a waste gas is produced; and (4) discharging the molten iron and the molten slags respectively, and exhausting a treated waste gas.

Abstract: Provided are a method and a refining device for producing molten steel of outstanding cleanliness, and more particularly provides a method and device for refining inclusions by forming droplets from molten steel and dropping same into slag during pre-processing in a continuous casting process in a steel-making process.

Abstract: Methods of forming metal matrix nanocomposites are provided. The methods include the steps of introducing a master metal matrix nanocomposite into a molten metal at a temperature above the melting temperature of the master metal matrix nanocomposite, allowing at least a portion of the master metal matrix nanocomposite to mix with the molten metal and, then, solidifying the molten metal to provide a second metal matrix nanocomposite.

Abstract: A top-blowing lance includes a refining oxygen gas blowing nozzle having a plurality of ejection openings through which oxygen gas is blown into an iron bath in a reaction vessel, the ejection openings being disposed along a circular orbit at intervals, and a burner nozzle having an axis coaxial with the central axis of the circular orbit, forming a flame inside the refining oxygen gas blowing nozzle, and having ejection openings for blowing a powder heated by the flame into the iron bath, wherein an indicator A that indicates the positional relationship between the ejection openings of the refining oxygen gas blowing nozzle and the ejection openings of the burner nozzle satisfies the specified conditions.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing molten iron, the method being capable of minimizing the generation of converter dust and increasing the thermal degree of freedom in the converter process. In addition, the present invention provides a method for improving a converter operation method in the production of steels. The present invention relates to a method for producing molten iron including the steps of: 1) supplying carbon-containing molten pig iron to a converter, 2) continuously supplying iron oxide into the converter, and 3) blowing a mixed gas comprising a fuel gas and a combustion-supporting gas at a speed equal to or faster than the speed of sound to the molten pig iron to cause a combustion reaction, thereby heating the molten pig iron by heat of the combustion reaction.

Abstract: A lance for injecting a solid material into a vessel, such as a direct smelting vessel for producing molten iron, has a core tube assembly comprising a passageway for solid material. The core tube assembly has an inlet for receiving solid material at a rear end and an outlet for discharging material at a forward end. The core tube assembly comprises an outer tube of a structural material and an inner tube of a wear resistant material that are bonded together. A method of manufacturing the core tube assembly may include spin casting the outer tube of the structural material; spin casting the inner tube of the wear resistant material onto the inner surface of the outer tube; and metallurgically bonding the tubes together.

Abstract: A method of desulfurizing steel including steps of forming a slag over a molten metal, drawing a vacuum to less than 5 torr over the slag and molten metal, stirring the molten metal and slag, and deoxidizing and desulfurizing the molten metal and slag to degas the steel reducing at least sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen contents, and reducing activity of oxygen in the molten metal to less than 30 ppm. The method includes forming a slag composition after degassing the steel comprising CaO between about 50 and 70% by weight, SiO2 between about 20 and 28% by weight, CaF2 between about 5 and 15% by weight, MgO not more than 8% by weight, Al2O3 not more than 1% by weight, and a combination of FeO+MnO not more than 2% by weight, where the sum of CaO+CaF2+SiO2+MgO is at least 85% by weight.

Abstract: Methods of forming metal matrix nanocomposites are provided. The methods include the steps of introducing a master metal matrix nanocomposite into a molten metal at a temperature above the melting temperature of the master metal matrix nanocomposite, allowing at least a portion of the master metal matrix nanocomposite to mix with the molten metal and, then, solidifying the molten metal to provide a second metal matrix nanocomposite.

Abstract: A method of making a steel with low carbon less than 0.035% by weight including steps of preparing a heat of molten steel composition in a steelmaking furnace to a tapping temperature as desired for desulfurization at a VTD, tapping open into a ladle the molten steel composition with an oxygen level between about 600 and 1120 ppm, providing slag forming compound to the ladle to form a slag cover over the molten steel composition in the ladle, transporting the molten steel composition in the ladle to a VTD, decarburizing the molten steel composition at the VTD by drawing a vacuum of less than 650 millibars, after decarburizing, adding one or more deoxidizers to the molten steel composition and deoxidizing the molten steel composition, after deoxidizing, adding one or more flux compounds to desulfurize the molten steel composition, and casting the molten steel composition to form a steel with low carbon less than 0.035% by weight.

Abstract: A steelmaking process is disclosed. The process includes producing molten steel and molten steelmaking slag in a steelmaking process, the steelmaking slag including iron units and flux units, and thereafter producing molten iron in a molten bath based direct smelting process using a substantial portion of the steelmaking slag as part of the feed material requirements for the direct smelting process. A direct smelting process is also disclosed. The process includes pre-treating ferrous material including steelmaking slag and thereafter direct smelting molten iron using the pretreated ferrous material as part of the feed material for the process.

Abstract: A method of producing a fluxing agent that can be used in production of steel, preferably stainless steel, employs as a raw material a hydroxide sludge that results from neutralization of metal-contaminated pickling liquid from a pickling step for a steel and contains at least one fluoride-containing compound. The hydroxide sludge is calcined. Steel, preferably stainless steel, is produced by decarburizing a steel heat, whereby a slag is formed on top of the steel heat, and adding a fluxing agent to the slag.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an amorphous alloy by using liquid pig iron. The exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides a method for manufacturing an amorphous alloy, including providing liquid pig iron, adding an alloy material to the liquid pig iron, and solidifying the liquid pig iron.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of processing a starting material in the form of a metal oxide-containing raw metallurgical slag to obtain a processed slag product. The method includes admixing the raw slag with a reductant to obtain a reaction mixture and heating the reaction mixture to cause the reductant to reduce the metal oxide in the slag, to obtain molten metal, in particular containing ferromanganese, and molten processed slag, in particular having a manganese content of at most 10% by mass. The method further includes separating the molten processed slag from the molten metal and causing or allowing the molten processed slag to solidify, thereby to obtain a solid processed slag product. This processed slag product may be, as desired, a filler for use in brick-making or for use in formulating a ready-mix concrete, an extender for extending a cement or for producing a blended cement, or an aggregate for use in the construction or building industry.

Abstract: A method of suppressing slag foaming that can grasp a state of slag foaming in the continuous melting furnace and accurately suppress the slag foaming so as to enable continuous production of molten metal in a stable state. This method includes charging of a suppressor into slag in the furnace, measuring a flow rate of a flue gas discharged from the continuous melting furnace during blowing of the slag over time, increasing a charging speed rate of the suppressor if the flue gas flow rate has an increasing tendency and decreasing the charging speed rate of the suppressor if the flue gas flow rate has a decreasing tendency.

Abstract: A method of making a steel with low carbon less than 0.035% by weight including steps of preparing a heat of molten steel composition in a steelmaking furnace to a tapping temperature as desired for desulfurization at a VTD, tapping open into a ladle the molten steel composition with an oxygen level between about 600 and 1120 ppm, providing slag forming compound to the ladle to form a slag cover over the molten steel composition in the ladle, transporting the molten steel to a VTD, decarburizing the molten steel composition at the VTD by drawing a vacuum of less than 650 millibars, after decarburizing, transporting the molten steel to an LMF and deoxidizing the molten steel composition, after deoxidizing, returning to the VTD to desulfurize and degas the molten steel composition, and casting the molten steel composition to form a steel with low carbon less than 0.035% by weight.

Abstract: The steel for steel pipes of the present invention is the one for steel pipes excellent in sour-resistance performance including C, Mn, Si, P, S, Ti, Al, Ca, N and O, and optionally including a predetermined amount of one or more of Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, V, B and Nb, in which inclusions in the steel have Ca, Al, O and S as main components, the CaO content in the inclusions is 30 to 80%, the ratio of the N content in the steel (ppm) to the CaO content in the inclusions (%) is from 0.28 to 2.0, and the CaS content in the inclusions is 25% or less. In addition, the method of producing steel for steel pipes of the present invention is to produce steel for steel pipes in which Ca is added so that the ratio of the N content in the steel to the amount of Ca addition (kg/t) into the molten steel is from 200 to 857.

Abstract: A method of suppressing slag foaming that can grasp a state of slag foaming in the continuous melting furnace and accurately suppress the slag foaming so as to enable continuous production of molten metal in a stable state. This method includes charging of a suppressor into slag in the furnace, measuring a flow rate of a flue gas discharged from the continuous melting furnace during blowing of the slag over time, increasing a charging speed rate of the suppressor if the flue gas flow rate has an increasing tendency and decreasing the charging speed rate of the suppressor if the flue gas flow rate has a decreasing tendency.

Abstract: A method for recarburising a molten ferro-alloy in a ladle or ladle furnace comprises the step of adding a carbon-containing polymer to the ladle or furnace. The polymer is adapted to function as a recarburiser of the ferro-alloy. In this regard, the polymer can have a format which, when it contacts the molten ferro-alloy, promotes dissolution of carbon from the polymer into the molten ferro-alloy.

Abstract: A steelmaking process is disclosed. The process includes producing molten steel and molten steelmaking slag in a steelmaking process, the steelmaking slag including iron units and flux units, and thereafter producing molten iron in a molten bath based direct smelting process using a substantial portion of the steelmaking slag as part of the feed material requirements for the direct smelting process. A direct smelting process is also disclosed. The process includes pre-treating ferrous material including steelmaking slag and thereafter direct smelting molten iron using the pretreated ferrous material as part of the feed material for the process.

Abstract: A direct smelting vessel (3) for operating a molten bath-based direct smelting process under pressure conditions in the vessel is disclosed. The vessel includes a forehearth (67) for tapping molten metal continuously from the vessel. The forehearth includes an open connection (97) that extends through a side wall of the vessel into the interior of the vessel. The open connection is formed to dampen the impact of sudden changes in pressure in the vessel on molten metal flow in the forehearth that could result in an undesirable surge of molten metal from the forehearth. The open connection is also formed so that molten metal does not freeze in the connection for at least 6 hours when molten metal is not being discharged from the vessel into the forehearth via the open connection.

Abstract: A method of producing a fluxing agent that can be used in production of steel, preferably stainless steel, employs as a raw material a hydroxide sludge that results from neutralization of metal-contaminated pickling liquid from a pickling step for a steel and contains at least one fluoride-containing compound. The hydroxide sludge is calcined. Steel, preferably stainless steel, is produced by decarburizing a steel heat, whereby a slag is formed on top of the steel heat, and adding a fluxing agent to the slag.

Abstract: For the production of stainless steel of the ferritic AISI 4xx group of steels, particularly the AISI 430 group of steels, based on liquid pig iron and FeCr solids, the invention proposes the use of the AOD (Argon Oxygen Decarburization) process in which oxygen and inert gas (inactive gas) together are blown into the bath through nozzles and top-blown onto the surface of the bath by a blowing lance. The aim of the treatment is to conclude a smelting charge within an optimal time period, to achieve the intended tapping temperature and composition, and to minimize chromium losses. This is achieved by a correspondingly applied technology and by means of a metallurgic process model which observes, prognosticates and controls the treatment of the smelting charge.

Abstract: The steel for steel pipes of the present invention is the one for steel pipes excellent in sour-resistance performance including C, Mn, Si, P, S, Ti, Al, Ca, N and O, and optionally including a predetermined amount of one or more of Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, V, B and Nb, in which inclusions in the steel have Ca, Al, O and S as main components, the CaO content in the inclusions is 30 to 80%, the ratio of the N content in the steel (ppm) to the CaO content in the inclusions (%) is from 0.28 to 2.0, and the CaS content in the inclusions is 25% or less. In addition, the method of producing steel for steel pipes of the present invention is to produce steel for steel pipes in which Ca is added so that the ratio of the N content in the steel to the amount of Ca addition (kg/t) into the molten steel is from 200 to 857.

Abstract: The invention relates to titanium oxide containing slag compositions and associated methods for reducing the nitrogen content of metals. The titanium oxide slag compositions can be used to reduce nitrogen content in various molten metals including steel, nickel, copper, iron, and the like. The nitrogen content of the metals can be reduced by contacting the metal with the titanium oxide containing slag composition. The slag compositions are capable of reducing the nitrogen content of steel to less than 20 ppm without the need for specialized high-quality starting materials or processing equipment.

Abstract: A method of making a material for use as a steel-making slag comprises mixing sufficient lime and/or magnesia containing materials with combustion ash until the so-formed composition has a basicity ratio appropriate for use in steel making.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for preparing and delivering various types of carbon and microalloy steel, free of oxygen with abundance of nuclei, when cast producing ultra fine grain steel free of internal defeats with excellent quality. A horizontal sealed table caster has a chamber, containing a suitable atmosphere for casting, with a tube connecting to a tundish so as to allow a liquid to flow into the chamber. The liquid metal is captured on a cooling belt along the bottom of the chamber and is maintained as a specific width and depth. The cooling belt serves as a heat sink causing the liquid metal to solidify from the bottom up, allowing inclusions to migrate to the surface of the steel. A layer of liquid metal is maintained on top of the solidifying steel until the solidification reaches the surface. The belt moves the solid metal toward the exit of the chamber.

Abstract: The present invention develops a manufacture method, via conventional liquid metallurgy, of finished and semi-finished metallic parts as casting, ingot, blooms and slabs in alloys base Fe, base Ni and base Co, microstructurally reinforced with complex molybdenum and titanium carbide particles, by means of their previous elaboration and latter addition to the molten alloy in the melting furnace. Then, when the alloy solidifies, they are inserted and distributed within the grains of the base metallic matrix, enhancing their mechanical properties and behavior at room as well as at high temperatures.

Abstract: A duplex stainless steel containing C, Si, Mn, P, S, Al, Ni, Cr, Mo, N (nitrogen, O (oxygen), Ca, Mg, Cu, B, and W, and the balance Fe and impurities, where a number of oxide-based inclusions, which have a total content of Ca and Mg of 20 to 40% by mass and also have a long diameter of not less than 7 ?m, is not more than a 10 per 1 mm2 of the cross section perpendicular to the working direction, or further, the number of oxide-based inclusions, which have a content of S of not less than 15% by mass and also have a long diameter of not less than 1 ?m, is not more than 10 per 0.1 mm2 of the cross section perpendicular to the working direction. Particularly, the contents of Cu, B and W are desirably 0.2 to 2%, 0.001 to 0.01%, and 0.1 to 4% by mass, respectively.

Abstract: To produce metallic iron from iron ore, a composition comprising a mass of material formed from a mixture of iron ore particles and particles of a reductant that is either a biomass material in particulate form or a plastic resinous material in particulate form is used. The reductant can also be a mixture of biomass material and resin in any proportions. The mass of material comprises at least one body having a shape adapted for smelting such as pellets, briquettes, pieces or lumps. The pellets have sufficient cohesion to maintain the shape into which they have been formed.

Abstract: A method of producing stainless steel includes the steps of melting a raw material in an electric furnace to form molten steel, and then refining the molten steel by a refining furnace to produce stainless steel in a stainless steel producing process. In the method, a carbonaceous reducing agent is added to a zinc-containing waste material produced in the stainless steel producing process, the resultant mixture is agglomerated by a briquette press to form agglomerates incorporated with a carbonaceous material, the agglomerates incorporated with the carbonaceous material are heated in a rotary hearth furnace to reduce and evaporate zinc to form dezincified agglomerates, and then the dezincified agglomerates are charged as a coolant in an oxidation period of the refining furnace.

Abstract: A nodular graphite cast iron is provided, having a pearlite matrix, with high strength and high toughness. The nodular graphite cast iron consists essentially of, by weight %: from 3.0 to 4.6% of carbon; from 1.6 to 2.5% of silicon; from 0.2 to 0.6% of manganese; from 0.02 to 0.05% of magnesium; from 0.0004 to 0.090% of zirconium; at least one of tin and copper such that ? ranges from 0.01 to 0.06% where ? indicates a tin conversion amount defined by a summation of a weight % of the tin and 0.1× a weight % of the copper; and the balance of iron and inevitable foreign matters.

Abstract: A method for forming a nanocomposite material and articles made with the nanocomposite material are presented.

Abstract: The prevent invention provides a method for producing a feed material for molten metal production and a method for producing a molten metal capable of sufficiently carbonizing biomass and effectively using carbonized biomass as a reducing agent. In the method for producing a feed material for molten metal production, a mixture containing an iron oxide-containing material and biomass is heated in a heating furnace substantially isolated from oxygen to carbonize the biomass in the mixture and obtain a feed material for molten metal production, or the mixture is charged in a reducing furnace to reduce the iron oxide-containing material after being heated in the heating furnace. In the method for producing a molten metal, the feed material for molten metal production obtained by the method for producing a feed material for molten metal production is charged in a melting furnace to obtain a molten metal.

Abstract: A method of producing stainless steel includes the steps of melting a raw material in an electric furnace to form molten steel, and then refining the molten steel by a refining furnace to produce stainless steel in a stainless steel producing process. In the method, a carbonaceous reducing agent is added to a zinc-containing waste material produced in the stainless steel producing process, the resultant mixture is agglomerated by a briquette press to form agglomerates incorporated with a carbonaceous material, the agglomerates incorporated with the carbonaceous material are heated in a rotary hearth furnace to reduce and evaporate zinc to form dezincified agglomerates, and then the dezincified agglomerates are charged as a coolant in an oxidation period of the refining furnace.

Abstract: The additives, in particulate solid form, are conveyed pneumatically in a divergent stream from a pneumatic gun to impinge upon the molten iron and mix therewith. The gun is spaced above a surface of molten iron such that the pneumatically conveyed stream including the additive has a central axis which is either horizontal (or at an acute angle to the horizontal). The gun is prefereably adjustable for adjustment of the stream angle, and the stream may be either added to pouring metal or to cover a surface of the molten iron.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of desulfurizing hot metal, which method utilizes desulfurization slag resulting from a KR hot metal desulfurizing treatment as a desulfurizing agent for hot metal again to reduce hot metal desulfurization costs and the amount of slag generated, thereby solving environmental problems.

Abstract: A procedure for starting up a direct smelting process for producing iron from a metalliferous feed material in a metallurgical vessel is disclosed. The vessel is of the type which includes a plurality of feed material injection lances/tuyeres (11, 13). The start-up procedure includes the steps of: (a) preheating the vessel; (b) supplying a charge of molten iron to the vessel and forming a molten bath in the vessel, (c) supplying carbonaceous material and flux to the molten bath and injecting oxygen-containing gas through one or more than one feed material injection lance/tuyere and combusting carbon and bath derived gas (if present) and thereby heating the molten bath and generating slag; and (d) suppling metalliferous feed material to the vessel while continuing supply of carbonaceous material and flux and injection of oxygen-containing gas and smelting metalliferous feed material and producing molten iron and thereby completing the start-up procedure.

Abstract: A slag conditioner for extending the life of a BOF vessel lining utilizing recycled blast furnace filter cake dewatered by contact with a hot slag; its process of production, and method of use.

Abstract: To be able to produce metal melts using any metal carriers incurring in metallurgical practice as the charging materials, namely in the most diverse quantitative compositions, a plant for producing metal melts is provided with the following characteristic features: an electric arc furnace vessel (1) provided with one charging opening (11, 21) for a metal melt and/or scrap and/or direct reduced metal, in particular direct reduced iron, and/or ore and at least one electrode (16) and one slag tapping means (22), an oxygen-blowing converter vessel (3) provided with one melt tapping means (41), wherein the oxygen-blowing converter vessel (3) and the electric arc furnace vessel (1) form a unit which is connected via an overflow weir (34) and which is rigidly mounted on the foundation and, wherein the bath surface related specifically to the bath volume is smaller in the oxygen-blowing converter vessel (3) than in the electric arc furnace vessel (1) and the oxygen-blowing converter vessel (3) shares a common re

Abstract: The method for producing a mother alloy for an iron-based amorphous alloy has the steps of (a) melting raw materials for elements constituting the amorphous alloy together with at least one oxide of an element constituting the amorphous alloy, the raw materials containing aluminum as an inevitable impurity, and the oxide having a smaller standard free energy of formation than that of Al2O3 in an absolute value; and (b) removing the resultant Al2O3 from the melt, thereby reducing the content of aluminum to 50 ppm or less in the melt.

Abstract: A method and composition for removing sulfur from molten ferrous material, particularly molten pig iron. The desulfurization agent includes a magnesium particle coated with a heat absorbing compound. The heat absorbing compound absorbs heat around the magnesium particle to reduce the rate the magnesium particle vaporizes in the molten iron. The particle size of the magnesium particle is at least about twice the particle size of the heat absorbing compound. A bonding agent can be used to bond the particles of the heat absorbing compound to the particle of magnesium.

Abstract: A method and composition for removing sulfur from molten ferrous material, particularly molten pig iron. The desulfurization agent includes a magnesium particle coated with a heat absorbing compound. The heat absorbing compound absorbs heat around the magnesium particle to reduce the rate the magnesium particle vaporizes in the molten iron. The particle size of the magnesium particle is at least about twice the particle size of the heat absorbing compound. A bonding agent can be used to bond the particles of the heat absorbing compound to the particle of magnesium.

Abstract: A dispersion strengthening method for metallic melts that are used to form large articles. The method comprises adding nanophase particles into a molten metallic melt and dispersing the nanophase particles in the metallic melt. The nanophase particles comprising particles with diameters in the range of about 5 nanometers to about 100 nanometers. The step of dispersing the nanophase particles in the metallic melt spaces the particles from each other with an average interparticle spacing (IPS) in a range from about 10 nanometers to about 500 nanometers.

Abstract: The tundish flux composition of the invention employs solid recycled ladle metallurgy furnace (LMF) slag as a fluidizing and refining base ingredient in a mixture of raw materials. The preferred recycled LMF slag material comprises about 35% to about 65% CaO, about 10% to about 35% Al2O3, about 1% to about 10% SiO2, about 3% to about 15% MgO, about 0.3% to about 10% FeO, about 0.1% to about 5% MnO, about 0.1% to about 0.15% P2O5, and about 0.1% to about 0.5% S. The tundish flux composition comprises from about 10% to about 80% of recycled LMF slag with the balance being raw materials selected from a calcium oxide source, a fluorine source, a magnesium oxide source, a carbon source, a silica source, a sodium source, a potassium source, and mixtures of these raw materials.

Abstract: The present invention provides a metal containing compound reduction and melting process which entails feeding a burden made of a mixture of the metal containing compound and a suitable reductant in particulate form into an electrically heatable vessel which contains a bath of the metal in liquid form so that a reaction zone is formed in the burden in which the metal containing compound is reduced and a melting zone is formed below the reaction zone in which the reduced metal is melted; and controlling the process in such a manner that substantially all of the reduction of the metal containing compound takes place in the solid phase.

Abstract: An alloy of Al and two or more of Ca, Mg and REM is added as a deoxidizing agent to molten steel, and the amount of Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 in the resulting inclusion is adjusted to a range of 30-85 wt % to obtain an alumina cluster-free Al-killed steel.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for desulphurization of a pig iron melt for further processing wherein the melt is brought into close contact with a ground solid slag. As desulphurizing agent, the slag accumulating in secondary steelmaking with a basicity of at least 4, an iron content in the range of 4 to 6 wt.-% and a phosphorous content in the range .ltoreq.0.4 wt.-%, is used in ground form or the slag is used together with calcium carbide and magnesium as a solid mixture in ground form.

Abstract: A multiple stage process for obtaining Ni units from Ni laterite ores and sulfur-bearing Ni concentrates during production of nickel-alloyed iron, nickel-alloyed steel or nickel-alloyed stainless steel in a reactor equipped with top- and bottom-blowing means. Dried Ni laterite ore is charged into an iron/slag bath mixture containing dissolved carbon and a metalloid reductant such as aluminum or silicon. The laterite ore is melted while heat is generated by oxidation of the metalloid and carbon in the reactor. After the laterite ore is melted, top-blowing of pure oxygen and bottom-blowing of an oxygen-containing gas are ceased. Bottom injection of an inert stirring gas is begun. A sulfur-bearing Ni concentrate and aluminum are added to the bath.

Abstract: A method of controlling slag coating in a steel converter in which slag is left in the converter after tapping, and a slag solidifying agent is added to the slag to form a coated slag which is used to coat the bottom and/or side wall surface of the converter. The method is performed bya) examining the composition of the slag at the tapping time;b) determining, based on the examined slag and through an equilibrium calculation using thermodynamic data, the amount of solidifying agent per unit weight of the slag necessary for maintaining the liquid volume fraction of the coated slag to a value not greater than about 40% at the planned tapping temperature of the next charge of steel;c) determining the amount of charge of the solidifying agent based on the calculated required amount of the solidifying agent and the amount of the slag remaining in the converter; andd) adding the calculated charge of the solidifying agent to the slag after tapping, to form a coated slag.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for preparing a hydraulically settable cement base material starting from steel slags formed in a steel-making process, which method comprises the formation, in steel slags in the liquid state, of a ferrite gradient by adding a ferrite-precipitating compound, the separation, if required, of the high-ferrite fraction formed, the separation of at least the low-ferrite fraction formed, the cooling and the comminution thereof to obtain a hydraulically settable material. The ferrite-precipitating compound used has preferably acid components, and can expediently generate silicic acid. At least before the cooling of the low-ferrite fraction, the aluminum content of the liquid slag material is regulated by the addition of an aluminate-containing material, such as bauxite. The high-ferrite fraction separated can be returned to the steel-making process to reduce or remove the addition of a flux in the production of steel.