Abstract: An agent for selective antimony and arsenic removal and tin retaining includes 10-30 wt % of aluminum, 65-85 wt % of calcium, 1-10 wt % of coke powder, and 1-5 wt % of lead powder. According to the content of antimony in lead, the antimony and arsenic removal and tin retaining agent is added to a molten lead which is at a temperature of about 550-650° C. at a certain proportion so as to carry out an antimony and arsenic removal reaction; after the reaction is completed, cooling is carried out, and antimony and arsenic scum is fished out to obtain a molten lead with antimony and arsenic removed; the content of antimony and arsenic is reduced to 0.0005 wt % or less, and the content of tin is substantially unchanged. The production costs for lead alloy preparation are reduced, and no smoke and odor appear in an antimony and arsenic removal reaction process.

Abstract: A unique pyrometallurgical lead refining process includes adding a Lewis acid component and an Arrhenius base compound to a molten lead bullion. The Lewis acid component and Arrhenius base compound are added in stoichiometric amounts that preferentially remove lighter amphoteric elements from the molten lead bullion, and promote reactions with amphoteric p-block elements in the lead bullion to form over the lead a slag of Lewis bases, thereby forming a slag layer incorporating the metal salts of the amphoteric p-block elements.

Abstract: A method for reducing tin in lead bullion has the steps of adding an Arrhenius base to a kettle containing lead bullion and tin, adding a byproduct of conventional detinning to the kettle, agitating contents of the kettle, and removing a layer of slag from the kettle. The disclosed method removes tin via chemical oxidation, adds lead via chemical reduction of an oxide from the byproduct of conventional detinning, and preserves most of the antimony content of the lead bullion.

Abstract: A unique pyrometallurgical lead refining process includes adding a Lewis acid component and an Arrhenius base compound to a molten lead bullion. The Lewis acid component and Arrhenius base compound are added in stoichiometric amounts that preferentially remove lighter amphoteric elements from the molten lead bullion, and promote reactions with amphoteric p-block elements in the lead bullion to form over the lead a slag of Lewis bases, thereby forming a slag layer incorporating the metal salts of the amphoteric p-block elements.

Abstract: A method for reducing tin in lead bullion has the steps of adding an Arrhenius base to a kettle containing lead bullion and tin, adding a byproduct of conventional detinning to the kettle, agitating contents of the kettle, and removing a layer of slag from the kettle. The disclosed method removes tin via chemical oxidation, adds lead via chemical reduction of an oxide from the byproduct of conventional detinning, and preserves most of the antimony content of the lead bullion.

Abstract: The invention concerns a method for eliminating bismuth from molten lead with magnesium and calcium, which consists in inputting magnesium and calcium in the form of lumps of two Mg—Ca alloys, one containing predominantly Mg, the other containing predominantly Ca, each having a Liquidus temperature lower than 650° C., and preferably less than 600° C. The Liquidus temperatures of the two alloys are preferably close to less than about 20° C. A particularly efficient treatment is obtained with a Mg—Ca alloy close to the eutectic alloy at 16.2 wt. % of calcium and containing 12 to 25% of calcium and a Ca—Mg alloy containing between 60 and 80% of calcium. The invention enables fast elimination of bismuth and adjustment of the Ca/Mg ratio during treatment.

Abstract: The thallium content of lead bullion is decreased in that iron chloride is stirred into the lead bullion so as to form a salt slag which contains thallium.

Abstract: A novel alloy for use in lead refining is disclosed comprised substantially of magnesium and calcium. The preferred ratio on a weight basis of magnesium to calcium is between about 1.2:1 to about 5.2:1. A method of refining a lead bath with the novel alloy is disclosed which provides a high recovery ratio of impurities present therein.