Abstract: Fermentable sugar useful for the production of biofuels can be produced from biomass by contacting the biomass with a solution containing at least one ?-hydroxysulfonic acid. The ?-hydroxysulfonic acid can be easily removed from the product and recycled.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present technology may include a curable, carbohydrate binder composition. The composition may include a carbohydrate. The composition may also include a urea compound. The composition may further include a nitrogen-containing compound. The nitrogen-containing compound may not be the urea compound.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are a washing method and a laundry machine adopting the same, and more particularly, a steam washing method and a laundry machine that is capable of washing laundry only using steam and effectively performing a washing operation under the optimum operation condition. The steam washing method includes a selection step of allowing a user to select a steam washing course, in which a washing operation is performed only using steam, through an input unit, and an operation step of performing an operation based on the steam washing course while controlling at least one of a steam supply unit, a water supply unit, and a drum drive unit.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing an oxidized cellulose pulp fibrillar network and a composite with lignocellulosic fibers comprising the following steps: (a) oxidizing a cellulose pulp to obtain about 0.3 to 2.5 mmol carboxylic groups per gram cellulose pulp; and about 0.1 to 5.0 mmol aldehyde groups per gram cellulose pulp; (b) homogenization of the cellulose pulp of step (a) wherein the cellulose fibers are refined to provide a cellulose pulp comprising 0-50% of fibers having an average length 0.7 mm-2.1 mm; and 50-100% of fibers having a particle size of 0.05-500 micrometer (?m); and optionally (c) combining with lignocellulosic fiber. Also step (d) drying of the cellulose pulp obtained by step (b) or step (c) may be included in the process.

Abstract: A hemostatic textile material to stop bleeding comprising a dialdehyde cellulose (DAC) carrier wherein the degree of oxidation of the dialdehyde cellulose varies from about 1.5% to 12%; and a blood coagulation factor selected from the group consisting of chitosan and gelatin; the blood coagulation factor being chemically immobilized thereon; and further optionally comprising a bacteriolytic agent selected from the group consisting of a lysozyme enzyme, silver nitrate, and chlorhexidine; and further optionally comprising a selected component that prevents hemolysis, the component selected from the group consisting of tranexamic acid or ?-aminocaproic acid chemically immobilized thereon.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to compositions useful for maintaining the clean impression of a carpet (that is, its scent and appearance) over an extended time despite occurrences that might damage the carpet surface. The composition, which includes an antimicrobial agent, an enzyme inhibitor, and an odor-reacting compound, can be used by a consumer to remove contaminants from the carpet and to prevent the odor associated with the decomposition of future contamination. Specifically, the composition has been shown effective in neutralizing odors associated with the decomposition of organic materials (such as urine or food spills) by absorbing and/or removing the odor-generating source. A manufacturing treatment composition and methods for using are also disclosed.

Abstract: Formaldehyde-free durable press finished textiles having cross-linked polymaleate finishes are provided. The finish comprises a cross-linked polymaleate having a crosslinked adjunct selected from the group having the formula: wherein R is independently H, OH, OM, or a unit having the formula: and mixtures thereof; X is H, OH, or OSO3M, M is H, a salt forming cation, and mixtures thereof; the indices x, y, and z are each independently from 0 to about 7; x+z is greater than or equal to 1, Q is H, OH, OM but not H when both x and z are greater than or equal to 1 and the textile has a durable press rating of at least about 3.0 and a tensile strength retention of greater than 40%.

Abstract: The present invention relates to cross-linked cellulosic fiber having improved absorbency characteristics when compared to conventional cross-linked fibers. The cross-linked cellulosic fiber is obtainable by reacting pulp in the sheet or fluff form with one or more reagents selected from organic molecule having acid and aldehyde functional groups “acid aldehydes.” The invention also relates to a method of producing the cross-linked fiber. The method includes heating the treated cellulosic fibers to promote intrafiber cross-linking. The cross-linked fibers are characterized by having an improved centrifuge retention capacity, fluid acquisition rate, resiliency, absorbent capacity, absorbency under load, and other absorbent properties. The inventive cross-linked fibers are useful in forming absorbent composites, and in particular absorbent cores for use in absorbent articles.

Abstract: The present invention relates to cross-linked cellulosic fiber having improved absorbency characteristics when compared to conventional cross-linked fibers. The cross-linked cellulosic fiber is obtainable by reacting pulp in the sheet or fluff form with one or more reagents selected from organic molecule having acid and aldehyde functional groups “acid aldehydes.” The invention also relates to a method of producing the cross-linked fiber. The method includes heating the treated cellulosic fibers to promote intrafiber cross-linking. The cross-linked fibers are characterized by having an improved centrifuge retention capacity, fluid acquisition rate, resiliency, absorbent capacity, absorbency under load, and other absorbent properties. The inventive cross-linked fibers are useful in forming absorbent composites, and in particular absorbent cores for use in absorbent articles.

Abstract: Formaldehyde-free durable press finished textiles having cross-linked polymaleate finishes are provided. The finish comprises a cross-linked polymaleate having a crosslinked adjunct selected from the group having the formula: wherein R is independently H, OH, OM, or a unit having the formula: and mixtures thereof; X is H, OH, or OSO3M, M is H, a salt forming cation, and mixtures thereof; the indices x, y, and z are each independently from 0 to about 7; x+z is greater than or equal to 1, Q is H, OH, OM but not H when both x and z are greater than or equal to 1 and the textile has a durable press rating of at least about 3.0 and a tensile strength retention of greater than 40%.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing synthetic hair fiber comprising halogen-containing synthetic fiber, in which synthetic hair fiber can be evenly dyed at a low temperature in a short period, maintaining excellent fastness, without abnormal shrinking (frizzing) and embrittlement of the fiber due to swelling. The object is attained by dipping the synthetic hair fiber bundle in a solution containing a dye, a carrier (accelerating agent) and a solvent for halogen-containing fiber, and then dyeing at 60° to 90° C.

Abstract: Novel textile finishing compositions for finishing textile articles are provided via the present invention. The textile finishing compositions disclosed herein comprise a cross-linking agent and a catalytic amount of an esterification agent. The cross-linking agents employed herein are selected from polycarboxylates such as homopolymers of ethylenically-?,?-unsaturated dicarboxylates, copolymers of all ethylenically-?,?-unsaturated dicarboxylates, and copolymers of ethylenically-?,?-unsaturated dicarboxylates polymerized with vinyl-containing monomers. Also provided via the present invention are methods for applying the aforementioned finishing compositions to textile articles.

Abstract: Garments are constructed from lyocell fabric which has been resinated using a textile resin having just two groups per molecule which can reactively cross-link with cellulose molecules of the lyocell fabric then causticised by application under tension of an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide, and the constructed garments are dyed in a garment dyeing operation. Garments can be produced by this route which retain a smooth, evenly-dyed appearance with unpuckered seams and minimal creasing and so present a desired formal look, as distinct from the casual look imparted by the effects of fibrillation normally produced when lyocell garments undergo garment dyeing.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of grafted polymers as greying inhibitors during the washing and aftertreatment of textile goods. Said polymers are obtained by polymerising A) 10 to 95 wt. % of grafted monomers containing, in relation to A), a) 1 to 99 wt. % of at least one vinyl ester, b) 1 to 99 wt. % of at least one N-vinyl lactam, c) 0 to 90 wt. % of at least one other monoethylenically unsaturated monomer which can be copolymerized with monomers a) and b), and d) 0 to 5 wt. % of at least one monomer having at least two ethylenically unsaturated, non-conjugated double bonds in the molecule, in the presence of A) 5 to 90 wt. % of at least one polymer B), chosen from polyalkylene oxides containing at least 3 units of a C2 to C4 alkylene oxide, and polytetrahydrofuranes containing at least 3 units of tetramethyl oxide units, and the mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Articles containing cellulose materials and treated with a chemical additive are disclosed. In accordance with the present invention, at least a portion of the cellulose containing the article is modified to include a first moiety. A chemical additive, such as softener or a humectant, is then chosen that includes a second moiety. When the chemical additive is applied to the article, the second moiety on the chemical additive forms a chemical linkage with the first moiety on the cellulose material. In this manner, the chemical additive becomes bonded to the cellulose material alleviating problems associated with retention. In one embodiment, the present invention is directed to the formation of tissue products, such as facial tissue, bath tissue and paper towels.

Abstract: A cationic cellulosic fibre containing between 1 and 30 cationic groups and between 0.1 and 20 aldehyde groups per 100 anhydroglucose units is a suitable basis for producing paper and tissue products without the necessity of using non-biodegradable cationic polymers as wet strength additives. The cationic cellulosic fibre can be obtained by oxidation of the fibre to introduce aldehyde groups, followed by reaction of part of the aldehyde groups with a nitrogen-containing reagent such as betaine hydrazide hydrochloride. The fibre is advantageously combined with an anionic polymer such as monoaldehyde carboxyl-starch or with anionic cyclodextrin.

Abstract: A process for treating a textile fabric to impart or enhance at least one property of the fabric comprising: introducing the fabric into an aqueous formaldehyde containing solution to provide a wet pickup of an effective amount of the solution by the fabric, applying to the fabric an effective amount of a catalyst for catalyzing a reaction between formaldehyde and the fabric; thereafter exposing the wet fabric to a temperature of at least about 300° F. to react the formaldehyde with the fabric to impart or enhance the property of the fabric before there is a substantial loss of formaldehyde from the exposed fabric.

Abstract: The present invention relates to cross-linked cellulosic fiber having improved absorbency characteristics when compared to conventional cross-linked fibers. The cross-linked cellulosic fiber is obtainable by reacting pulp in the sheet or fluff form with one or more reagents selected from organic molecule having acid and aldehyde functional groups “acid aldehydes.” The invention also relates to a method of producing the cross-linked fiber. The method includes heating the treated cellulosic fibers to promote intrafiber cross-linking. The cross-linked fibers are characterized by having an improved centrifuge retention capacity, fluid acquisition rate, resiliency, absorbent capacity, absorbency under load, and other absorbent properties. The inventive cross-linked fibers are useful in forming absorbent composites, and in particular absorbent cores for use in absorbent articles.

Abstract: An agent containing a lubricant, a non-ionic surfactant and an amphoteric surfactant of a specified kind in specified amounts is applied at a specified rate to spun synthetic fibers before draft and false-twisting processes are simultaneously carried on these fibers such that false-twisted yarns with a high quality without dyeing specks and without abnormal tension variations can be obtained.

Abstract: The present invention relates to cross-linked cellulosic fiber having improved absorbency characteristics when compared to conventional cross-linked fibers. The cross-linked cellulosic fiber is obtainable by reacting pulp in the sheet or fluff form with one or more reagents selected from organic molecule having acid and aldehyde functional groups “acid aldehydes.” The invention also relates to a method of producing the cross-linked fiber. The method includes heating the treated cellulosic fibers to promote intrafiber cross-linking. The cross-linked fibers are characterized by having an improved centrifuge retention capacity, fluid acquisition rate, resiliency, absorbent capacity, absorbency under load, and other absorbent properties. The inventive cross-linked fibers are useful in forming absorbent composites, and in particular absorbent cores for use in absorbent articles.

Abstract: Fabrics containing rayon fibers may exhibit, after the fabric has been aqueous laundered at least one time, changes in dimension in length and in width of less than about 5% each, a durable press value of at least about 2.5, and a water absorbency time of less than about 100 seconds. Fabrics containing rayon fibers may also exhibit, after the fabric has been aqueous laundered at least one time, changes in dimension in length and in width of less than about 8% each, a durable press value of at least about 3.5, and a water absorbency time of less than about 100 second.

Abstract: The present invention relates to substrate comprising fabric, the substrate treated with a composition comprising: a) an aldehyde, said aldehyde a mono-functional aldehyde, a di-functional aldehyde, or mixtures thereof; b) a polyethylene glycol having the formula: R(OCH2CH2)xOR  wherein R is hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, and mixtures thereof, and the index x has a value of 15 to 45; c) an acid catalyst; and d) optionally, a surface modifying agent; wherein the treated substrate has at least three enhanced fabric benefits, said benefits selected from the group consisting of: i) durable press; ii) hand feel; iii) anti-abrasion; iv) anti-shrinkage; and v) anti-yellowing. The present invention further relates to a system and a process for providing a substrate having the above described enhanced fabric benefits.

Abstract: Cellulosic fiber-containing fabrics are made wrinkle resistant by a durable press wrinkle-free process which comprises treating a cellulosic fiber-containing fabric with formaldehyde, a catalyst capable of catalyzing the crosslinking reaction between the formaldehyde and cellulose and a silicone elastomer, heat-curing the treated cellulose fiber-containing fabric, preferably having a moisture content of more than 20% by weight, under conditions at which formaldehyde reacts with cellulose in the presence of the catalyst without a substantial loss of formaldehyde before the reaction of the formaldehyde with cellulose to improve the wrinkle resistance of the fabric in the presence of a silicone elastomeric softener to provide higher wrinkle resistance, and better tear strength after washing, with less treatment.

Abstract: A modified cellulosic fiber having superabsorbent properties is described. The modified fiber of the invention has a fibrous structure substantially identical to the cellulosic fiber from which it is derived. The modified fiber is a water-swellable. water-insoluble fiber that substantially retains its fibrous structure in its expanded, water-swelled state. The modified fiber is a sulfated and crosslinked cellulosic fiber having a liquid absorption capacity of at least about 4 g/g. In one embodiment, the modified fiber is an individual, crosslinked, sulfated cellulosic fiber. In another aspects, the invention provides a rollgood that includes the modified fiber, absorbent composites and articles that include the modified fiber, and methods for making the modified cellulosic fiber.

Abstract: A durable press process for rayon fiber-containing fabrics comprising treating a rayon fiber-containing fabric with an aqueous mixture containing a high concentration of formaldehyde, and a catalyst capable of catalyzing the crosslinking reaction between formaldehyde and the rayon, wherein the concentration of the formaldehyde is sufficient to produce a durable press fabric without substantially shrinkage of the treated fabric, followed by heat curing the treated fabric to produce a durable press rayon fabric without substantial shrinkage.

Abstract: Compositions and methods of rendering cellulosic materials flame resistant, and articles of manufacture including the materials, are disclosed. The compositions include one or more crosslinking agents, and, optionally, one or more phosphorus-based compounds. Dimethyloldihydroxyethylene urea, imidazole, imidazolidinones, dialdehydes, and dichlorotriazines are preferred crosslinking agents. The methods involve applying the composition to the material, and covalently linking the crosslinking agent to the material. An advantage of covalently linking the crosslinking agent to the cellulosic material is the lack of any potential toxicity associated with uncrosslinked fire retardants on the cellulosic material and the stability of the bonds between the material and the crosslinking agent to conventional steam cleaning and other carpet cleaning methods. In a preferred embodiment, the fire-retardant cotton-fiber composition is used to prepare cotton carpets, upholstery or raised surface apparel.

Abstract: Compositions and methods of rendering cellulosic materials fire retardant, and articles of manufacture including the materials, are disclosed. The compositions include an amino acid, protein and/or peptide and optionally include one or more crosslinking and/or coupling agents. Enzymes are a preferred protein. The methods involve applying the composition to the material, and optionally involve covalently linking the amino acid, protein and/or peptide to the material, either directly or via a crosslinking agent. An advantage of covalently linking the amino acid, protein and/or peptide to the cellulosic material is the lack of any potential toxicity associated with breathable dust particles of unbound amino acid, protein and/or peptide, and the stability of the bonds between the material and the amino acid, protein and/or peptide to conventional steam cleaning and other carpet cleaning methods.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions, useful for making lyocell fibers, having a high hemicellulose content, a low lignin content and including cellulose that has a low average degree of polymerization (D.P.). Further, the present invention provides processes for making compositions, useful for making lyocell fibers, having a high hemicellulose content, a low lignin content and including cellulose that has a low average degree of polymerization. The present invention also provides lyocell fibers containing a high proportion of hemicellulose. Further, the lyocell fibers of the present invention have enhanced dye-binding properties and a reduced tendency to fibrillate.

Abstract: A method of treating a fabric including cellulose fiber to increase water absorption and hydrophilicity by graft polymerisation. The method includes pre-treating the fabric in a solution of an inhibitor for about one hour, and washing the fabric to remove excess inhibitor solution. The fabric is placed in a grafting solution of a hydrophilic monomer for about three hours, washed in methanol, and decrystallized in a solution of zinc chloride for about one hour. The decrystallised fabric is then treated in a solution of sodium hydroxide at 50° C. for about one hour.

Abstract: An agent containing a lubricant, a non-ionic surfactant and an amphoteric surfactant of a specified kind in specified amounts is applied at a specified rate to spun synthetic fibers before draft and false-twisting processes are simultaneously carried on these fibers such that false-twisted yarns with a high quality without dyeing specks and without abnormal tension variations can be obtained.

Abstract: A process for treating a textile fabric to impart or enhance at least one property of the fabric comprising: introducing the fabric into an aqueous formaldehyde containing solution to provide a wet pickup of an effective amount of the solution by the fabric, applying to the fabric an effective amount of a catalyst for catalyzing a reaction between formaldehyde and the fabric; thereafter exposing the wet fabric to a temperature of at least about 300° F. to react the formaldehyde with the fabric to impart or enhance the property of the fabric before there is a substantial loss of formaldehyde from the exposed fabric.

Abstract: Cellulosic fiber-containing fabrics are made wrinkle resistant by a durable press wrinkle-free process which comprises treating a cellulosic fiber-containing fabric with formaldehyde, a catalyst capable of catalyzing the crosslinking reaction between the formaldehyde and cellulose and a silicone elastomer, heat-curing the treated cellulose fiber-containing fabric, preferably having a moisture content of more than 20% by weight, under conditions at which formaldehyde reacts with cellulose in the presence of the catalyst without a substantial loss of formaldehyde before the reaction of the formaldehyde with cellulose to improve the wrinkle resistance of the fabric in the presence of a silicone elastomeric softener to provide higher wrinkle resistance, and better tear strength after washing, with less treatment.

Abstract: A method for shrink-proofing a cellulosic fiber textile that involves liquid ammonia treatment, hot water or alkali treatment under tension or under no tension, and with optional resin treatment.

Abstract: An absorbent cellulose product includes cellulose fibers which are cross-linked by reaction with an effective quantity of one or more water-soluble polymers which are produced in advance, which have an average molecular weight of between 350 and 70,000 g/mol, and which possess free acid or aldehyde groups. When the product is being prepared, the cellulose fibers are impregnated with the polymers in aqueous solution. The impregnated substance is dried and defibered at the latest after drying, after which the defibered cellulose fibers are cross-linked in the dry state by means of heating the impregnated, dried and defibered cellulose product.