Abstract: The present invention refers to a process for the direct cationization of cotton fiber and its dyeing with reactive dyes. The opening of the initial fiber is carried out with two cylinders with rounded tips. Subsequently, the fiber is impregnated with cationizing agents in a vat and then sent to an autoclave with soft water. The soft water vapor present in the autoclave heats the fiber and allows the fixation of the reagents in a homogeneous way. The fiber is rinsed, neutralized and centrifuged before being dried. The fiber obtained is converted into yarn. The cationized yarn forms a fabric to be dyed.

Abstract: In one aspect, a composition for treating fibers comprises an acidic aqueous or aqueous-based continuous phase and a liquid repellent phase comprising a dendrimer component and/or non-dendrimer alkyl urethane. The treatment composition, for example, can have pH of 2.5 to 6.5. In some embodiments, carboxylic acid is employed in the treatment composition for providing the acidic character of the aqueous or aqueous-based continuous phase. Moreover, the treatment composition can further comprise at least one of an acid stain resist component and soil release component. In some embodiments, fibers treated with compositions described herein exhibit ionic character.

Abstract: Methods are directed to the use of a supercritical fluid for performing a dyeing of a material such that dye from a first material is used to dye a second material. A supercritical fluid is passed through a first material in a pressurized vessel. The supercritical fluid transports the dye from the first material to at least a second material causing a dye profile of the second material to change as a result of dye from the first material perfusing the second material.

Abstract: In one aspect, a composition for treating fibers comprises an acidic aqueous or aqueous-based continuous phase and a liquid repellent phase comprising a dendrimer component and/or non-dendrimer alkyl urethane. The treatment composition, for example, can have pH of 2.5 to 6.5. In some embodiments, carboxylic acid is employed in the treatment composition for providing the acidic character of the aqueous or aqueous-based continuous phase. Moreover, the treatment composition can further comprise at least one of an acid stain resist component and soil release component. In some embodiments, fibers treated with compositions described herein exhibit ionic character.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods for functionalizing the surfaces of cellulose nanoparticles. In embodiments, nanoparticles are aerosolized, and then passed through a flow reactor where they are contacted with gaseous reactants to functionalize the surface of the nanoparticles. In other embodiments, the nanoparticles are aerosolized, and then passed through a plasma reactor where they are contacted with gaseous reactants to functionalize the surface of the nanoparticles. Once the functionalized nanoparticles are produced, they may be combined with polymers to form polymer composites having both a polymer and the functionalized nanoparticles. Systems for producing these functionalized nanoparticles, coupled with downstream polymer processing equipment for forming the polymer composites, are also provided.

Abstract: A flame-retardant fabric may include a cellulosic fiber and a modacrylic fiber, the cellulosic fiber being a natural cellulose fiber containing a phosphorus compound, the modacrylic fiber containing an antimony compound, the flame-retardant fabric including the modacrylic fiber containing the antimony compound in an amount of 14 to 54 wt %, antimony in an amount of not less than 1.7 wt %, and phosphorus in an amount of 0.3 to 1.5 wt % with respect to the total weight of the flame-retardant fabric, and the flame-retardant fabric having a weight per unit area of not less than 160 g/m2. The flame-retardant fabric can be produced by subjecting a fabric including a natural cellulose fiber and a modacrylic fiber containing an antimony compound to flame-retardant treatment with a phosphorus compound.

Abstract: A pulp in accordance with a particular embodiment includes crosslinked cellulose fibers. The pulp can have high brightness, reactivity, and intrinsic viscosity. The pulp, therefore, can be well suited for use as a precursor in the production of low-color, high-viscosity cellulose derivatives. A method in accordance with a particular embodiment of the present technology includes forming a pulp from a cellulosic feedstock, bleaching the pulp, crosslinking cellulose fibers within the pulp while the pulp has a high consistency, and drying the pulp. The bleaching process can reduce a lignin content of the pulp to less than or equal to 0.09% by oven-dried weight of the crosslinked cellulose fibers. Crosslinking the cellulose fibers can include exposing the cellulose fibers to a glycidyl ether crosslinker having two or more glycidyl groups and a molecular weight per epoxide within a range from 140 to 175.

Abstract: The present invention provides a production process characterized in that a false twisting process is added between a spinning process and a winding process so that yarn slivers undergo excessive pre-torsion in an axial direction and twists which are same in quantity but different in twisting direction are generated on the yarn slivers. Absorption of glucose-containing sulfur dyestuff is performed in a dyeing process. An ammonia removal process is performed in a high-temperature and high-pressure tank so that residual ammonia in a fabric is evaporated. The evaporated ammonia is collected and then fed back to a mercerizing process for continuous use. The present invention also provides a production line including a spinning unit having a false twisting device, a dyeing unit configured to realize the dyeing process, and a liquid ammonia finishing unit consisting of a fabric mercerizing device, an ammonia removal device, an ammonia recycling device and a controller.

Abstract: According to one representative embodiment, a method of treating aortic insufficiency comprises delivering a support structure to a position around the leaflets of a native heart valve. The support structure comprises an annular body defining an interior and at least one projection extending radially inwardly from the annular body. An expandable prosthetic heart valve can be advanced into the native heart valve and into the interior of the annular body. The prosthetic heart valve can be expanded into contact with the leaflets of the native valve, thereby causing the leaflets of the native valve to be frictionally secured between an inner surface of the annular body and an outer surface of the prosthetic heart valve and causing the at least one projection and a portion of one of the leaflets contacted by the at least one projection to extend into an opening of the frame of the prosthetic valve.

Abstract: A fibrillated blend of lyocell and cellulosic pulp having a degree of polymerization of 200 to 1000 as measured by ASTM Test 1795-96, a method of making the blend and materials which incorporate the blend.

Abstract: The present invention relates to fiber-reinforced thermoplastic resin composition comprising 0.1 to 10 mass % of a (meth)acrylic-based polymer, 1 to 70 mass % of reinforcing fiber, and 20 to 98.9 mass % of thermoplastic resin, wherein the (meth)acrylic-based polymer has, in a side chain, at least one functional group selected from a hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, an amide group, and an urea group, and has a cohesive energy density (CED) of 385 to 550 MPa. The present invention provides, particularly in the case of using a polyolefin-based resin as matrix resin, a fiber-reinforced thermoplastic resin composition and a reinforcing fiber bundle which have high adhesiveness and good mechanical characteristics.

Abstract: A method for producing an antimicrobial cellulose fiber. The method includes reacting a reactive compound with an antimicrobial agent to prepare a reactive antimicrobial compound, chemically fixing the reactive antimicrobial compound to a cellulose fiber through chemical bonding between the reactive compound and the cellulose fiber, and stabilizing the cellulose fiber structure. Further disclosed is an antimicrobial cellulose fiber produced by the method. The antimicrobial cellulose fiber is a human friendly material that has excellent antimicrobial activity and deodorizing performance. The antimicrobial cellulose fiber can be manufactured in the form of raw cotton, sliver, roving yarn, spun yarn, woven fabric, knitted fabric, non-woven fabric, etc. The antimicrobial cellulose fiber may be blended with other fibers, such as natural fibers and synthetic fibers.

Abstract: A fabrication of natural cellulose fiber with flame-retarding capability comprises following steps. Blend pulp and solvent of N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMMO) to form slurry. Evaporate extra water content from slurry by a Thin Film Evaporator (TFE) to form dope. By Dry-Jet Wet Spinning, spin and extrude dope for coagulating and regenerating. Water-rinse and dry to form natural cellulose fiber. Soaking roll natural cellulose fiber by flame retardant of N-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(methoxy phosphorus acyl). Orderly dry, bake, neutralize, soaping clean, water rinse, baking dry, soaking rolled, alkaline clean, water rinse, dry and oil the natural cellulose fiber to produce natural cellulose fiber of flame retarding capacity. Because of cross-linking reaction for the flame retardant of N-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(methoxy phosphorus acyl) with natural cellulose fiber, the flame-retarding capability thereof meet requirements of testing standards in American ASTM D6413-1999 and ASTM D2863-1995.

Abstract: A Meltblown process for producing non-woven fabrics with flame-retarding capability from natural cellulose comprises following steps. Blend pulp and solvent of N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (NMMO) to form slurry. Evaporate water content from slurry by a Thin Film Evaporator to form dope. Extrude the dope off spinneret bank to form filament bundle via meltblown process. Coagulating regenerate, water rinse, hydro-entangled needle-punch and dry the filament bundle to form normal natural cellulose nonwoven. Soaking roll formed nonwoven by flame retardant of N-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(methoxy phosphorus acyl). Orderly dry, bake, neutralize, soaping clean, water rinse, baking dry, soaking roll, alkaline clean, water rinse, dry and coil the nonwoven to produce modified natural cellulose nonwoven of flame retarding capacity.

Abstract: A process of covalently modifying a lignocellulosic material is provided. The process includes oxidizing a lignocellulosic material having hydroxyl groups with an oxidant to oxidize at least a portion of the hydroxyl groups to carboxylic acid groups, optionally activating the carboxylic acid groups with an activating agent to form activated carboxylic acid groups, and reacting the carboxylic acid groups or the activated carboxylic acid groups with a first nitrogen-containing reagent selected from amino acids, peptides, or protected derivatives thereof to provide a treated lignocellulosic material. The treated lignocellulosic materials thus prepared displays resistance to degradation.

Abstract: A method for treating laundry in a clothes dryer having a rotating drum defining a treatment chamber that includes applying a treating chemistry, which may include a treating chemistry that benefits from uniform distribution, on the laundry and drying the laundry after the applying of the treating chemistry.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel inorganic brighteners, a process for their preparation and their use for brightening substrates. More specifically, the novel inorganic brighteners are phosphors characterized in that they have (i) an absorption maximum in the range of from 350 to 375 nm; (ii) a steep decrease of the absorption band near 400 nm; (iii) a quantum yield of the phosphorescence of at least 0.8; and (iv) a phosphorescence maximum in the range between 415 and 445 nm.

Abstract: Cellulose nanofibers include: a linear portion; and a curved portion, in which an average of a length of the linear portion and an average of a maximum diameter of the linear portion have a relationship that satisfies the following Equation (a): (The average of the length of the linear portion)/(The average of the maximum diameter of the linear portion)?10??Equation (a)

Abstract: A solvent spun bamboo fiber with a high wet modulus and a producing method thereof are disclosed. The producing method includes: activating by adding a bamboo pulp into de-ionized water, adjusting the pH value, adding cellulase and adjusting the pH value by adding alkali; squeezing by vacuum dehydration; pre-dissolving by adding an aqueous solution containing 50-88% by mass of N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide; then dissolving by putting the above pre-dissolved mixture into a dissolver, heating, vacuumizing, dehydrating, dissolving, homogenizing and defoaming; spinning by spraying through a spinneret and forming a bamboo fiber by dry-wet spinning; water washing; bleaching; oiling; and drying. The present method is simple to operate, free of industrial pollution, low energy consuming, and highly safe. The bamboo fiber produced by the present method not only keeps the natural physical and chemical properties of bamboo fiber, but also has a high wet modulus without harmful chemical residues.

Abstract: The invention relates to basic bisazo compounds according to formula (I) wherein all substituents are defined as in Claim 1, their production, their use as dyestuffs as well as material dyed with these dyestuffs.

Abstract: Processing of cellulose, and more particularly, fiber opening and downstream processing and chemistry are provided. A process includes moistening a cellulose sheet stock to a water content in a range from about 20% to about 50%, attriting the moistened cellulose sheet to a wet pulp, flash drying the wet pulp to a floccule of cellulose having a moisture content from about 4% to about 8%, and esterifying the floccule of cellulose to provide a cellulose ester product.

Abstract: A method for treating mercerized cotton for incorporating ultraviolet radiation protection into the mercerized cotton is disclosed which comprises the steps of placing the mercerized cotton into a solution of Zn(II), removing the mercerized cotton from the solution, and washing the mercerized cotton. Other methods for treating cotton for protection from ultraviolet radiation are also disclosed.

Abstract: Cellulosic fibers treated with telomers of polyacrylic acid.

Abstract: Compositions and methods that preserve and enhance the brightness of pulp, and also improve the color of pulp or paper, when applied during different stages of a papermaking process, are disclosed. The compositions and methods maintain or enhance brightness, prevent yellowing, and enhance the performance of paper products. The compositions can include a mixture of reducing agents and can also include optical brighteners, chelants, polycarboxylates, or other additives. The mixture of reducing agents can include a borohydride, such as sodium borohydride, and any other reducing agent, such as a sulfite or bisulfite.

Abstract: A method for weaving a carpet including tying a row of knots with a yarn and weaving two or more weft strands next to the row of knots, where the weft strands are 100% cotton and the yarn is wool yarn hand-carded and hand-spun into a single strand is described.

Abstract: The invention relates to a high-strength and abrasion-resistant fibrous material and to a method for the production thereof. According to said method, a natural fiber material is solubilized in an alkaline manner. The fibrous material is treated with an alkaline material, without being subjected to mechanical stress a) at a temperature of between 5 and 30° C. and then b) at a temperature of between 80 and 150° C., and is then optionally washed and/or dried.

Abstract: An antimicrobial sports equipment piece used in a sport or game, namely an antimicrobial tennis ball, is described. Also described are methods of using an antimicrobial tennis ball and methods of preventing, inhibiting, or killing microbes contacting the tennis ball during play to prevent or inhibit contamination by a microbe or cross-contamination between persons contacting the tennis ball.

Abstract: Methods of treating fabrics using sol-gel halamine chemistry to impart antimicrobial properties thereto are described, as well as fabrics produced by the described methods. In one embodiment, the antimicrobial fabrics may be used to fabricate antimicrobial divider curtains for use in hospitals and medical facilities.

Abstract: A method for treating a fabric for protection from ultraviolet radiation is disclosed which comprises the steps of dispensing a suspension of zinc oxide particles treated with an acid polymer into a washing machine during a time in which a fabric is being washed in the washing machine and mixing the treated zinc oxide particles and the fabric for the treated zinc oxide particles to bind to the fabric. Other methods for treating a fabric for protection from ultraviolet radiation are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method of preparing a reinforced fluoropolymer composite is presented, which includes reacting a surface of a nanocrystalline cellulose with a fluorinated electrophile to form a fluoro-functionalized nanocrystalline in which the outer circumference of the nanocrystalline cellulose has been functionalized with fluorinated substrates, and contacting the fluoro-functionalized nanocrystalline cellulose with a fluoropolymer to form a fluoropolymer composite. Also presented is a method of preparing fluoro-functionalized nanocrystalline cellulose, including reacting a surface of a nanocrystalline cellulose with a fluorinated electrophile forming fluoro-functionalized nanocrystalline cellulose in which the outer circumference of the nanocrystalline cellulose has been functionalized with fluorinated substrates, precipitating the fluoro-functionalized nanocrystalline cellulose and isolating and purifying the fluoro-functionalized nanocrystalline cellulose.

Abstract: An ecological fabric having protection from ultraviolet radiation incorporated therein is disclosed in which the fabric is treated by a method comprising the steps of dissolving zinc acetate or other zinc salt in a liquid to form a solution containing Zn(II) ions, adding a fabric to the solution, mixing the solution and the fabric, and adding a base to the solution when the solution and the fabric are being mixed to form a suspension of zinc oxide nanoparticles in contact with the fabric. Other methods are disclosed such as modifying a fabric by carboxylation or phosphorylation of the fabric followed by binding of the UV-blocking nanoparticles to the modified fabric and modifying UV-blocking nanoparticles with a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) or polymer layer containing an active chemical group capable of binding to the fabric and depositing the UV-blocking nanoparticles on the fabric.

Abstract: A new, facile, low cost and easy-to-operate method of forming and immobilizing metal nanoparticles on substrates is invented. The method comprises steps of chemical modification of the substrates with chemical linkers, chelation of the metal ions to the modified substrates, the washing of the unbound metal ions and in-situ reduction of the metal ions to produce metal nanoparticles on the substrates with/without the finishing treatment of the metal nanoparticles functionalized substrates with minimum particles aggregations. The metal nanoparticles functionalized substrates generated by the method have wide applications, for example, as anti-microbial agents. The metal nanoparticles are strongly bonded to the substrates, resulting in low metal leaching to the environment.

Abstract: Compositions are provided for spray dyeing of a cellulosic, such as cotton, fabric or garment. The compositions include a reactive dye, a wetter, an alkali, and water. The present compositions are made by first mixing the reactive dye, the wetter, and the water to form a solution, and thereafter adding the alkali to the solution.

Abstract: A method of making a composition for spray application onto surfaces of a cotton fabric includes mixing together a wetter, a reactive dye and water to form a first solution, adding a thickener into the first solution for between about five minutes and sixty minutes to form a partial composition, and adding an alkali with the partial composition to complete the composition.

Abstract: Methods for treating a fibrous structure in need of treatment with a chemical additive, such as a chemical softener, and products produced therefrom, are provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the treatment of a cellulosic molded body which is characterized in that the molded body is contacted with an alkaline dispersion containing undissolved chitosan particles. The chitosan particles are present in the dispersion preferably in a particle size of from 0.1 to 1500 ?m, preferably from 1 to 800 ?m.

Abstract: Embodiments herein provide a nanoparticle, such as a metal nanoparticle, coupled to a linker molecule to form a nanoparticle-linker construct. In an embodiment, a nanoparticle-linker construct may be further bound to a substrate to take advantage of one or more properties of the nanoparticle. In an embodiment, a functionalized nanoparticle (a nanoparticle having a reactive functionality) may be bound to a linker to form a functionalized nanoparticle-linker construct which may in-turn be bound to a substrate.

Abstract: An eco-friendly liquid composition for pretreatment of fabrics is disclosed. The composition may include one or more nonionic surfactants, water, and optional ingredients such as a small amount of anionic surfactant, protease enzyme, borax, pH adjusting agent, fragrance, and preservative. The one or more nonionic surfactants may include alkyl polyglycoside. If nonionic surfactants other than the alkyl polyglycoside are included, at least 60% of the total nonionic surfactant in the composition is alkyl polyglycoside. The composition may have a Natural Index of at least 98% as defined herein. The composition may be essentially free of any propellant and bleach component.

Abstract: An antibacterial wound dressing is based on or derived from gel-forming fibres such as carboxymethyl cellulose or alginate fibres having silver ions linked thereto at some but not all of the exchangeable sites such that the distribution of silver ions over the exchangeable sites is substantially uniform. The silvered fibres for the wound dressing can be prepared by contacting an assembly of precursor gel-forming fibres having exchangeable sites under conditions which do not cause irreversible gelling of the fibres with an amount of a solution containing silver ions so as to link silver ions at some but not all of the exchangeable sites, the whole of the assembly of precursor gel-forming fibres being contacted essentially simultaneously with the entire solution containing silver ions.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for modifying citrus fiber. Citrus fiber is obtained having a c* close packing concentration value of less than 3.8 w %, anhydrous basis. The citrus fiber can have a viscosity of at least 1000 mPa·s, wherein said citrus fiber is dispersed in standardized water at a mixing speed of from 800 rpm to 1000 rpm, to a 3 w/w % citrus fiber/standardized water solution, and wherein said viscosity is measured at a shear rate of 5 s?1 at 20 C. Citrus fiber can be obtained having a CIELAB L* value of at least 90. The citrus fiber can be used in food products, feed products, beverages, personal care products, pharmaceutical products or detergent products.

Abstract: A method for treating a fabric for protection from ultraviolet radiation is disclosed which comprises the steps of dispensing a suspension of zinc oxide particles treated with an acid polymer into a washing machine during a time in which a fabric is being washed in the washing machine and mixing the treated zinc oxide particles and the fabric for the treated zinc oxide particles to bind to the fabric. Other methods for treating a fabric for protection from ultraviolet radiation are also disclosed.

Abstract: A composition for treating fabric includes about 0.1 to about 10.0% cross linking agent, about 0.1 to about 5.0% polyolefin, about 0.1 to about 0.5% wetting agent, about 0.0 to about 8.0% aminofunctional silicone, about 0.0 to about 6.0% ionizing agent, about 0.0 to about 2.0% catalyst and any remainder as a carrier. The composition has a pH of between about 2.0 to about 4.0 and at least some aminofunctional silicone and/or ionizing agent is provided.

Abstract: Customers obtain customized textile materials by selecting style, shape, size, pattern and color for an undyed textile product. Based on a selection made by the customer, the textile product is transformed by a dyeing operation performed on a single item (or multiple items selected to be dyed the same) to yield a product, such as a shirt, pants, or jacket, which has a color and pattern of his or her own choosing, in the size and style he or she desires. The process can be performed in a retail setting using a dye apparatus which allows the process to be viewed by the customer. To enhance the educational and entertainment experience of the customer, the dyeing operation can be performed in a transparent tank or water kettle in the retail outlet so that the customer can view, for example, the garment as it is being dyed to the customer's specifications.

Abstract: Cellulose nanofibers are produced using a 4-hydroxy TEMPO derivative by treating a cellulosic material with an oxidizing agent in water in the presence of a cellulose oxidation catalyst containing an N-oxyl compound to prepare oxidized cellulos, and microfibrillating the oxidized cellulose.

Abstract: An ecological fabric having protection from ultraviolet radiation incorporated therein is disclosed in which the fabric is treated by a method comprising the steps of dissolving zinc acetate or other zinc salt in a liquid to form a solution containing Zn(II) ions, adding a fabric to the solution, mixing the solution and the fabric, and adding a base to the solution when the solution and the fabric are being mixed to form a suspension of zinc oxide nanoparticles in contact with the fabric. Other methods are disclosed such as modifying a fabric by carboxylation or phosphorylation of the fabric followed by binding of the UV-blocking nanoparticles to the modified fabric and modifying UV-blocking nanoparticles with a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) or polymer layer containing an active chemical group capable of binding to the fabric and depositing the UV-blocking nanoparticles on the fabric.

Abstract: NM7O and NM3O coated clay are embedded into a fabric matrix to produce a protective fabric. A NM7O blended garment can be manufactured for the purpose of containing malodors. The destruction of chemical warfare agents can also be accomplished by incorporating these materials into disposable protective clothing for military, Haz-Mat team and First responders. The fabrics so treated with MN7O have uses as diverse as for a disposable silver polish wipe. In the case of NM3O coated clay, the treated fabric can be used as a copper and brass polish.

Abstract: Highly durable hydrophobic, oleophobic, and anti-icing coatings and methods of their preparation and use are described herein.

Abstract: A method for making fire retardant material including fire retardant cellulosic insulation is described. The method includes an arrangement for adding one or more feedstocks and a fire retardancy chemical compound to a common blend tank prior to feedstock drying. The one or more feedstocks may include at least one virgin pulp stock feed and at least one recycled material stock feed. The amount and type of both the virgin feedstock and the recycled material feedstock is selectable. Old newsprint (ONP) may be one type of recycled material feedstock. Another suitable type of recycled material feedstock is old corrugated containers (OCC). The method further includes retaining the fiber feedstock and the chemical compound together for enough time to ensure adherence or impregnations of enough of the chemical to the fibers after the drying process. Fluffing or fiberizing of the treated fibers may be accomplished under less severe conditions than ordinarily employed when making conventional cellulose insulation.

Abstract: The invention relates to an aqueous dye solution comprising a) 5 to 30% by weight of an anionic or cationic direct dye, b) 0.01 to 5% by weight of the compound of formula (1), in which M represents hydrogen, an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, ammonium or ammonium, that is mono-, di-, tri- or tetra-substituted by C1-C4alkyl or C2-C4hydroxyalkyl or mixtures thereof, c) 0 to 10% by weight of an inorganic or an organic acid, d) 0 to 20% by weight of further additives and e) water to complete to 100%, with the proviso that direct dyes of the formula (2) in which K is a residue of a coupling component of the acetoacetanilide, pyridone, pyrazolone or pyrimidine series and M is as defined above, are excluded, a process for their preparation and the use thereof for dyeing paper.

Abstract: A method for functionalising a textile substrate made of a hydrophilic material in order to impart humidity transfer properties thereto, wherein the method includes the steps of: preparing a formulation of at least one hydrophobic material containing at least one group reacting under ionising radiation; forming a discontinuous layer using the formulation on a surface of the textile substrate; and applying an ionising radiation onto the discontinuous layer in order to graft the hydrophobic material on the surface of the substrate by the reaction of the reactive groups.