Abstract: Provided is a fabric having improved moisture-management performance and being resilient to repeated washing, as well as a process for manufacturing the fabric. The process, employing consecutive steps of hydrophilization and hydrophobization, includes defatting cotton or cellulose fibers and their coating with silicone nanoparticles.

Abstract: Branched polyesters with sulfonate groups can be obtained by reacting components A, B, optionally C, and optionally D to yield branched polyesters, then reacting these branched polyesters with hydrogen sulfite. Component A is at least one ?,?-olefinically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid, component B is at least one di- or higher-functional alcohol, optional component C is at least one di- or higher-functional carboxylic acid or hydroxycarboxylic acid without an ?,?-olefinically unsaturated bond, and optional component D is at least one compound of formula CH3(—O—CH2—CH2)n—OH. In reacting the branched polyesters with hydrogen sulfite, a molar amount of hydrogen sulfite is at most 95 mol %, based on an amount of ?,?-olefinically unsaturated dicarboxylic acid.

Abstract: A sensor for determining the level of the liquid in the lye container for removing foam in the lye container of a drum washing machine with a lye discharge system arranged on the floor of the lye container with a lye pump during a program step, which is provided for dehydrating the lye container. Its sensor signal P is recorded during operation of the lye pump. According to the present invention the sequence p/t of the sensor signal contains a component ?p/?t, whereof the presence indicates the presence of foam in the measuring region. Further, in the presence of the component a foam treatment measure suiting the type of component is introduced.

Abstract: An improved method for dying leather with propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGME) systems comprising adding polyacrylate resin base, C3 and C4 alcohols, and n-butyl acetate and negating the need for teflon dispersions, dibutyl phthalate, and improves the dye penetration, hastens the flash times, improve the dust free time, and improves the tape time.

Abstract: An improved method for dyeing leather wit propylene glycol monomethyl ether (PGME) systems comprising adding polyacrylate resins base, C-3 and C-4 alcohols, and n-butyl acetate and negating the need for aqueous compositions, Teflon dispersions, dibutyl phthalate, and improves the dye penetration, hastens the flash times, improves the dust free time, and improves the tape time.

Abstract: The present invention is generally directed to a process for making fabrics containing cotton fibers more aesthetically pleasing and resistant to staining by anionic dyes by derivatizing the cotton so that it exhibits a permanent anionic charge. By increasing the anionic charge of the fibers, the fibers become resistant to anionic coloring agents which may undesirably come into contact with the fibers and the fibers can absorb greater amounts of cationic softeners and biocides. Furthermore, the negative charges repel each other resulting in a fabric with greater loft and hydrophilicity. This results in greater smoothness, better hand, and more comfort. Besides being used to prevent the cross-staining of fabrics, the present invention can also be used to make carpet materials resistant to anionic staining agents.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an ink-jet printing cloth composed of cellulose fibers, wherein the specific gravity of the cloth in an absolute dry condition is controlled within a range of from 1.45 to 1.49 by mercerization.

Abstract: A composition is provided for improving decolorizing and desizing garments and fabrics with a reducing agent in a washer. A surfactant is added so as to improve wet out and to reduce the surface tension of the water.

Abstract: A process for treating keratinous material, in particular the hair, for the purpose of obtaining a permanent reshaping of the latter, in particular in the form of permanent-waved hair. The process includes the following steps: (i) a so-called "acidic composition" containing at least one carboxylic acid and/or one of the associated salts thereof is applied to the keratinous material to be treated, the pH of the acidic composition ranging from 2.

Abstract: Mercerization wetting compositions comprising a compound of the formula ##STR1## where R.sub.1 is hydroxyl or --SO.sub.3 M,R.sub.2 is C.sub.4 -C.sub.18 alkyl,M is an alkali metal,n is 0 or 1, andm is from 2 to 6 are described. The mercerization wetting compositions of the invention are high-wetting and low-foaming. Moreover, the compounds are readily biodegradable.

Abstract: Mercerization wetting compositions comprising a compound of the formula ##STR1## where R.sub.1 is hydroxyl or --SO.sub.3 M,R.sub.2 is C.sub.4 -C.sub.18 alkyl,M is an alkali metal,n is 0 or 1, andm is from 2 to 6 are described. The mercerization wetting compositions of the invention are high-wetting and low-foaming. Moreover, the compounds are readily biodegradable.

Abstract: 1. A process comprisinga) a two liquor process for treating a cellulosic substrate with alkali and applying a dye to the substrate characterized by pad treating the substrate with alkali and dyeing by pad dyeing or printing with a reactive dyestuff without an intermediate washing step; orb) a one liquor process for treating a cellulosic substrate with alkali and a dye characterized in that the substrate is pad treated with alkali and reactive dye.

Abstract: A method is provided for improving the dyeability and other properties of cellulosic materials, especially knitted cotton goods, wherein the material is impregnated with an aqueous liquor containing an effective amount of potassium hydroxide and preferably also an alkali metal silicate, a wetting agent and a sequestering agent, at a temperature of at least about 7.degree. C. (45.degree. F.). The application of tension is not necessary and the treatment is particularly useful for tubular knitted goods.

Abstract: A process for producing a regenerated cellulose fiber having a good hand and a good shrink resistance characterized by attaching a liquid not readily soluble in liquid ammonia and adsorbable on regenerated cellulose fiber to the surface of regenerated cellulose fiber or attaching a polymer to the surface of regenerated cellulose fiber in the form of a film or not carrying out the surface treatment mentioned above, and adjusting the moisture content of said regenerated cellulose fiber to 5% or more based on the absolute dry weight of said fiber, and thereafter impregnating said regenerated cellulose fiber with liquid ammonia, and subsequently removing the ammonia from the regenerated cellulose fiber.

Abstract: A woven, predominantly cellulosic fabric, such as an open-weave cotton-based fabric, having at least about 11 percent stretchability in the weft direction with less than about 6 percent growth (after repeated wash-dry cycles) and having wrinkle resistance and shrinkage control within commercial tolerances, is produced by first subjecting a woven, predominantly cellulosic fabric precursor to warp-wise tension while maintaining the fabric in a relaxed state in the filling direction. Next, the fabric is contacted with aqueous alkali while maintaining the aforesaid warp-wise tension, after which the thus-mercerized fabric is subjected to a tensile force in the filling direction sufficient to impart to the fabric, while said force is being applied and while maintaining warp-wise tension, a width of within about -1 and +3 percent of the initial greige width. The fabric is then washed with water to substantially remove the aqueous alkali while maintaining warp-wise tension.

Abstract: Chemical bleaching pretreatment processes are provided for cotton goods and other cellulosic materials which have the effect of enhancing the bleached cloth whiteness levels and/or reducing the bleaching time or intensity. The goods may be pretreated by intimately contacting them, as by immersion in a bath, in an alkaline scour solution having a pH of 10 to 14 and a temperature of 160.degree.-212.degree. F. for from 5 seconds to 31/2 minutes. A second and separate pretreatment involves immersing the goods in such an alkaline scour solution and, immediately prior or subsequent thereto, in an acid solution having a pH less than about 3 at a temperature in the range 45.degree. to 212.degree. F. for from 1 to 10 seconds. Optionally, either the alkaline scour pretreatment or the combination acid/alkaline scour pretreatment may be preceded by an up to 31/2 minute water dip or rinse in water ranging from just above ambient to 212.degree. F.

Abstract: The mercerizing of cellulose fibers is improved by using an aqueous alkaline bath composition having as a wetting agent alkali salts of alkene sulfonic acids having 6 to 10 carbon atoms and single or double branched structures in a concentration of about 1 to 5 grams per liter of bath composition.

Abstract: Polymer-containing, crosslinked, durable press 100% cotton, high-cotton blend, and other cellulosic fabrics are given a durable pucker without steaming by treatment with a rewetting agent, followed by drying, printing with a caustic printing paste permitting the printed fabric to develop a pucker at room temperature in a substantially tension-free state, and washing. Alternatively, the application of the rewetting agent can be bypassed by adding compatible wetting agents directly to the printing paste. The present process is also compatible with pigment printing processes so that caustic printing and pigment printing can be combined, the cold-puckered fabric being dried and then heated to set the pigment vehicle.

Abstract: A process of treating textile material of a cellulosic nature with ammonia includes the step of first applying water to the textile material before the material is impregnated with ammonia. The amount of water applied must be enough to raise the moisture content of the material to a level above that normally present in the prevailing conditions of atmospheric humidity but with a maximum value of 30% by weight of the dry material.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is the mercerization of textiles with a composition comprising an aqueous caustic solution of mercerizing strength containing as a wetting agent at least 0.10% of a mixture of a nonionic surfactant and a polycarboxylic acid or salt thereof of the formula ##STR1## wherein x and y are integers from 3 to 9, x and y together equal 12, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are selected from the group of hydrogen and COOM with at least one of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 being COOM, and wherein M is a member of the group consisting of hydrogen, sodium, potassium, lithium and ammonium, the proportion of nonionic surfactant to polycarboxylic acid being between about 1:0.8 to 1:3.

Abstract: A method for treating a knitted fabric containing cotton fibers with an alkali hydroxide, which comprises impregnating said fabric with an aqueous solution of an alkali hydroxide while continuously feeding it in the open form in the longitudinal direction, allowing the fabric to shrink in the longitudinal direction, then feeding it to a tenter while giving an overfeed, thereby to hold it to a given width, and then washing the fabric. The knitted cotton fabrics so treated have superior dimensional stability, especially dimensional stability in the widthwise direction, a deep silky luster, a soft bulky hand, and a superior dyeability.

Abstract: Process for improving the wettability of textile material by means of aqueous treating liquors containing 10 to 60 % by volume of a saturated aliphatic alcohol of up to 2 carbon atoms, or dyeing or finishing liquors containing these mixtures, which comprises adding to these mixtures at least another aliphatic, straight-chain or branched, monohydric alcohol having more than 2 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Alkaline baths for treating fiber material composed of or containing native cellulose such as cotton do not cause appreciable degradation of the cellulose chain when having added thereto amino alkylene phosphonic acids and/or 1-hydroxy alkane-1,1-diphosphonic acids or their salts.