Abstract: A solution for forming a graft substrate containing a graft initiator, a catalyst for activating the graft initiator, a polymerizable silicon softener, and at least one additional prepolymer, each of the softener and the prepolymer which includes a functional group for reaction with an activated site on the substrate for grafting thereto and water. The treated fiber exhibits excellent crockfastness, color fastness, and abrasion resistance, strength, and has a soft hand.

Abstract: A solution for forming a graft substrate containing a graft initiator, a catalyst for activating the graft initiator, a polymerizable silicon softener, and at least one additional prepolymer, each of the softener and the prepolymer which includes a functional group for reaction with an activated site on the substrate for grafting thereto and water. The treated fiber exhibits excellent crockfastness, color fastness, and abrasion resistance, strength, and has a soft hand.

Abstract: A solution for forming a graft substrate containing a graft initiator, a catalyst for activating the graft initiator, a polymerizable silicon softener, and at least one additional prepolymer, each of the softener and the prepolymer which includes a functional group for reaction with an activated site on the substrate for grafting thereto and water. The treated fiber exhibits excellent crockfastness, color fastness, and abrasion resistance, and has a soft hand.

Abstract: A solution for forming a graft substrate containing a graft initiator, a catalyst for activating the graft initiator, a polymerizable silicon softener, and at least one additional prepolymer, each of the softener and the prepolymer which includes a functional group for reaction with an activated site on the substrate for grafting thereto and water. The treated fiber exhibits excellent crockfastness, color fastness, and abrasion resistance, and has a soft hand.

Abstract: A method for dry-cleaning articles such as fabrics and clothing in carbon dioxide while concurrently applying a sizing agent to the articles comprises contacting an article to be cleaned with a liquid dry cleaning composition for a time sufficient to clean the fabric. The liquid dry-cleaning composition comprises a mixture of carbon dioxide, a surfactant, a sizing agent. An organic co-solvent is preferably included. After the contacting step, the article is separated from the liquid dry cleaning composition. The method is preferably carried out at ambient temperature. Preferred sizing agents are low molecular weight hydrocarbon resins. The surfactant is preferably one that does not contain a CO2-philic group. The organic co-solvent is preferably an alkane and has a flash point above 140° F.

Abstract: The present invention relates to detergent compositions comprising an enzyme that increases the water-solubility of fatty acid-containing stains/soils, especially an acid-thiolligase, a desaturase enzyme and/or a glutathione S-transferase. These detergent compositions provide cleaning performance on body soils and/or oily/greasy soils and stains.

Abstract: A method for imparting durable press and softness characteristics to garments. The initial step of the process is to start with a garment in which the pH is between about 6 and 7. The garments are immersed in a mixture of water, a non-ionic wetter, a glyoxal resin and aminofunctional silicone, and a cationic HDPE in specific amounts, depending upon the type of fabric of which the garments are made. The mixture is extracted from the garments to a specific extent. After mixture extraction, the garments are pressed and baked.

Abstract: A composition for a formaldehyde scavenger is provided which consists of a water-soluble blend of a substituted or unsubstituted polyhydric alcohol and an active methylene compound selected from the group consisting of dialkyl malonate and alkylacetoacetate.

Abstract: Polyhydroxyalkyl melamine used in the processing of textiles with amino resins to reduce formaldehyde emissions and improve textile "hand".

Abstract: Methods for lowering the free formaldehyde release in carbamate durable press treatment solution and finished fabric are disclosed. Concentrated carbamate finishing agent solution of lowered free formaldehyde content comprises oxidizing a carbamate finishing agent solution containing free formaldehyde with a sufficient amount of magnesium monoperoxyphthalate oxidant to decrease the free formaldehyde content of the solution. Sufficient amount of catalyst is added to this solution to produce press properties in cellulose containing fabric to make a treatment bath. Cellulose containing fabric is immersed in this bath for sufficient time and temperature to produce lowered free formaldehyde release carbamate durable press finished fabric.

Abstract: The title compounds, having the formula (RO.sub.2 CNHCH.sub.2).sub.3 PY where Y=oxygen or sulfur, are prepared by reacting a tetrakis(N-carbalkoxylaminomethyl)phosphonium salt having the formula (RO.sub.2 CNHCH.sub.2).sub.4 P.sup.+ X.sup.- with ammonia or a primary or secondary amine, followed by an oxidizing or sulfurizing agent. The products, after methylolation with formaldehyde, are useful as finishing agents for imparting flame retardant properties to cotton fabrics.

Abstract: Hydroxymethylated organic carbamates are reacted with water soluble alcohols to produce etherified hydroxymethylated carbamates which are used with an acid catalyst to treat cellulosic textiles for sufficient time and temperature to produce a durable press low formaldehyde release cellulosic textile. Carbamates from the group consisting of alkyl or alkoxyalkyl carbamates of less than six carbons can be used. Water soluble aliphatic monohydric and polyhydric alcohols of one to six carbons are also satisfactory. The hydroxymethylated carbamate is reacted with the alcohol at about 10.degree. C.-100.degree. C. for about 0.5 to 16 hours at a pH from about 1 to 6. Concentrations of acid catalyst range from 0.5 to 3.0% of the solution. Curing temperatures range from about 120.degree. C. to 160.degree. C. for about 0.5 to 10 minutes.

Abstract: Hydroxymethylated organic carbamates are reacted with water soluble alcohols to produce etherified hydroxymethylated carbamates which are used with an acid catalyst to treat cellulosic textiles for sufficient time and temperature to produce a durable press low formaldehyde release cellulosic textile. Carbamates from the group consisting of alkyl or alkoxyalkyl carbamates of less than six carbons can be used. Water soluble aliphatic monohydric and polyhydric alcohols of one to six carbons are also satisfactory. The hydroxymethylated carbamate is reacted with the alcohol at about 10.degree. C. to 100.degree. C. about 0.5 to 16 hours at a pH from about 1 to 6. Concentrations of acid catalyst range from 0.5 to 3.0% of the solution. Curing temperatures range from about 120.degree. C. to 160.degree. C. for about 0.5 to 10 minutes.

Abstract: A composition adapted to treating textiles and non-woven cellulosic products comprising a mixture of a cross-linking agent and a nitroalkanol. A method of reducing the residual formaldehyde content of the wrinkle-resistant fabric and a wrinkle-resistant fabric per se comprising the use of the claimed composition.

Abstract: A composition comprising a mixture of a curable ureaaldehyde resin or other crosslinking agent and a nitroalkanol and having particular utility for treating textiles and non-woven cellulose products to provide permanent press and wrinkle-resistant characteristics.

Abstract: Zwitterions are employed as catalysts in a chemical finishing process to treat cellulosic textiles with crosslinking agents and produce easy-care properties in the finished materials. The process comprises treatment of the textile material, such as cotton fabric, by impregnating it with a solution containing a cellulose-crosslinking agent and, as catalyst a zwitterion, alone or in combination with a magnesium salt, drying and curing the fabric. Said finished fabrics are characterized by an unusual combination of useful, desirable properties--smooth-drying appearance, wrinkle resistance, serviceable strength, and inoffensive formaldehyde release.

Abstract: A finishing agent for fabrics containing cellulose that is free of formaldehyde is prepared from equimolar amounts of methyl carbamate and glutaraldehyde. The reaction product, although unstable in dilute aqueous solution, can be applied to fabric from concentrated aqueous solution or can be methylated for application from dilute solution. Fabric is given wrinkle-resistance and durable-press properties with no release of formaldehyde from the agent or from the treated fabric.

Abstract: A process for elimination of free formaldehyde in textile materials treated with methylolated carbamates is disclosed. Textile materials comprising natural or regenerated cellulose are impregnated in the usual way with a dimethylolated carbamate. After impregnation, drying and curing, at least one side of the treated textile material is treated with a combination of a volatile inert carrier and a formaldehyde acceptor such as urea, ethylene urea, or propylene urea.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a textile finish, the finish thus obtained and its use for the easycare finishing of textiles containing, or consisting of, cellulose. The finish comprises an aqueous solution, of from 30 to 70 percent strength by weight, of a mixture of the conventionally methyloloated(=hydroxymethylated) carbamates I and II ##STR1## where R is hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, in the weight ratio I:II of from 1:1 to 1:20. The finish is prepared by reacting a glycol or an alkylglycol of the formula IIIR--(OCH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2).sub.9-100 --OH IIIwhere R has the above meanings, and isobutanol with urea at above 100.degree. C., so as to eliminate ammonia and produce carbamates, and methylolation with formaldehyde. In a first stage, the glycol or alkylglycol of the formula III is reacted to the extent of at least 50% with urea, in the absence of a catalyst, at from 130 to 160.degree. C.

Abstract: Flame retardance is imparted to textile materials by impregnating them with a flame retardant composition comprising(a) at least one compound represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of aryl, arylalkyl, alkylaryl, alkenyl and alkyl having from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms and ##STR2## R.sup.3 represents an alkylene group having from 1 to about 5 carbon atoms, and R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are each independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, ##STR3## wherein R.sup.6 represents an alkyl group having from 1 to about 4 carbon atoms; provided that not all of said R.sup.4 's and R.sup.5 's are --CH.sub.3 at the same time:(b) an aminoplast; and(c) an acid catalyst; and heating the impregnated textile material sufficiently to cure said flame retardant composition.

Abstract: Improved levels of abrasion resistance, breaking strength are coupled with high levels of resilience, as measured by durable-press appearance rating and wrinkle recovery angles, by a process in which cotton or cotton-containing fabric is treated with polyfunctional N-methylol reagents, a Bronsted acidic catalyst or Bronsted acid-generating catalyst and selected phosphate salts. The fabric is impregnated with these and supplementary agents as desired and cured by conventional methods.

Abstract: The title compounds, having the formula (RO.sub.2 CNHCH.sub.2).sub.3 PY where Y=oxygen or sulfur, are prepared by reacting a tris(N-carbalkoxylaminomethyl)phosphine, having the formula (RO.sub.2 CNHCH.sub.2).sub.3 P, with an oxidizing or sulfurizing agent. The products, after methylolation with formaldehyde, are useful as finishing agents for imparting flame retardant properties to cotton fabrics.

Abstract: An aluminum acetate salt solution containing sodium and chloride ions is prepared by reaction of aqueous aluminum chloride and sodium acetate. It is suitable for use as a catalyst in the treatment of cellulosic-containing textiles with formaldehyde or a formaldehyde-amide adduct crosslinking agent to produce durable press properties in the finished material. There is no discoloration in the thus-treated fabric which also exhibits greater strength than is normally present in fabric treated to the same level of wrinkle resistance with an aluminum salt catalyst.

Abstract: The title compounds, having the formula (RO.sub.2 CNHCH.sub.2).sub.3 PY where Y=oxygen or sulfur, are prepared by reacting a tris(N-carbalkoxylaminomethyl)phosphine, having the formula (RO.sub.2 CNHCH.sub.2).sub.3 P, with an oxidizing or sulfurizing agent. The products, after methylolation with formaldehyde, are useful as finishing agents for imparting flame retardant properties to cotton fabrics.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a textile finish, the textile finish thus obtained and its use for the easy-care finishing of textiles containing, or consisting of, cellulose. The textile finish comprises an aqueous solution, of from 30 to 70 percent strength by weight, of a mixture of the conventionally formaldehyde-methylolated carbamates I and II ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are hydrogen, or one is hydrogen and the other is methyl, in the weight ratio I:II of from 12:1 to 1:20.The textile finish is prepared by reacting a glycol or an alkylglycol of the formulae III and IV ##STR2## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 have the above meanings, with urea at above 100.degree. C., so as to eliminate ammonia and give carbamates, and subsequent conventional methylolation with formaldehyde, wherein, in a first stage, the glycol or alkylglycol of the formula III is reacted to the extent of at least 50% with urea, in the absence of a catalyst, at from 130.

Abstract: The title compounds, having the formula (RO.sub.2 CNHCH.sub.2).sub.3 P, are prepared by reacting a quaternary phosphonium salt, having the formula (RO.sub.2 CNHCH.sub.2).sub.4 P.sup.+ X.sup.-, with a base, preferably one that is capable of reacting with and thereby inactivating the by-product formaldehyde or formaldehyde derivative. The products are useful as intermediates for the preparation of finishing agents that impart flame retardant properties to cotton fabrics.

Abstract: A process for scavenging free formaldehyde from cellulosic-containing articles, such as textile materials, which process comprises contacting the cellulosic-containing textile material containing free formaldehyde with a formaldehyde scavenger which comprises a heterocyclic compound free of carbonyl groups, and containing an NH group, with the ring made up of nitrogen or carbon atoms, the ring being unsaturated or, when fused to a phenyl group, being unsaturated or saturated, and the NH group bonded to a carbon or nitrogen atom which is directly bonded by a double bond to a carbon or nitrogen atom.

Abstract: A process is provided for finishing fabric containing cellulose fibers to improve its crease resistance, soil release and wet soiling properties while retaining a hand similar to that of the fabric prior to finishing wherein a latex containing a cross-linkable resin which will impart crease resistance to a fabric contains the polymerization product of a mixture of from 70% to about 97% by weight of an ester of acrylic acid and a saturated monohydric alcohol having 1 to 8 carbon atoms and from about 30 to 3% of an ester of acrylic acid and an unsaturated monohydric alcohol having 2 to 5 carbon atoms.

Abstract: An aluminum chlorhydroxide-phosphoric acid catalyst system has been devised that is practical for treatments of cellulose-containing textile materials with formaldehyde and formaldehyde-amide adducts under flash curing conditions to produce valuable, improved durable-press properties in the treated textiles.

Abstract: Brominated carbamoyl derivatives of the structure:R.sub.2 N -- C(O) --O--(R.sup.1).sub.n -- CH.sub.2 --C (X).sub.2 --CH.sub.2 -- (R.sup.1).sub.n --O--C(O)NR.sub.2wherein:R is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkanol, cycloalkyl of from 5 to 7 carbon atoms, phenyl, alkyl substituted by phenyl, phenyl substituted by alkyl, hydroxy terminated oxyalkylene, hydroxy substituted hydroxy terminated oxyalkylene and halogen substituted hydroxy terminated oxyalkylene;R.sup.1 is independently selected from the group consisting of alkylene; oxyalkylene, hydroxy substituted oxyalkylene, halogen substituted oxyalkylene and alkylene or oxyalkylene substituted by the group -- O -- C(O)NR.sub.

Abstract: Fire retardancy and wrinkle resistance are imparted to cellulosic textiles by impregnation of said textiles with the phosphoalkylated reaction product of a polyisocyanate and an alkyleneamine.

Abstract: A catalyst system composed of aluminum chlorhydroxide [Al.sub.2 (OH).sub.5 Cl] and hydrogen peroxide [H.sub.2 O.sub.2 ] is disclosed which through synergistic interaction of these components is highly efficient and effective in treatments of cellulose-containing textiles with formaldehyde-amide adduct crosslinking agents. Products with durable-press properties are produced through use of the new catalyst system in treatments employing flash curing conditions, i.e., short processing times at high temperatures, as well as in treatments employing curing temperatures down to 130.degree. C. with longer processing times. Unlike previously known synergistically activated catalyst systems based upon Al.sub.2 (OH).sub.5 Cl, the presently disclosed system utilizes the combination of Al.sub.2 (OH).sub.5 Cl with H.sub.2 O.sub.2, an oxidizing agent, rather than with an acid or a salt with latent acidic or Lewis acid properties.

Abstract: The method of treating a textile fabric comprising cellulosic fibers to produce a modified fabric intermediate from which permanently shaped wearing apparel having an improved dry crease recovery can be made, comprising the steps of: (1) impregnating the material with a cellulose cross-linking reagent selected from the groups consisting of: (a) reaction products of formaldehyde with carboxamides wherein said reaction products contain 2 or 3 N-methylol groups and methyl ethers thereof; (b) compounds having the following generic formula:R.sub.1 OCH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 SO.sub.2 (QSO.sub.2).sub.n CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 OR.sub.2where R.sub.1 and R.sub.

Abstract: Durable press properties are imparted to cellulosic fabrics by reacting with either of two new tertiary amino-N-methylol reagents. Autocatalysis was shown by these reagents when applied as the free bases or as hydrochlorides to cotton fabric by conventional methods. Resilience, recurability, improved scorch resistance, and enhanced dye and brightener sorptions are realized.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to a method for the preparation and isolation of anhydrous crystalline dimethylolated methyl-, and ethyl carbamate by lyophilization. Further, the instant invention is a dimethylolated methyl-, and ethyl carbamate, the chemical entity of which consists of an increased formaldehyde to nitrogen ratio, which is essentially free of free formaldehyde.The dimethylol methyl-, and ethyl carbamates are represented by the general formula ROCON(CH.sub.2 OH).sub.n, with n being 2, and in which R is an aliphatic or modified aliphatic group.

Abstract: A creaseproofing composition prepared by reacting urea with a monoalkyl ether of an ethylene glycol having 1 to 10 ethyleneoxy groups, removing the excess monoalkyl ether and then reacting the remaining mixture without isolation of any carbamate formed with formaldehyde. The composition obtained and its method of use as a creaseproofing chemical are described.

Abstract: In mild cure finishing, strong catalysts are required because of the modest curing conditions employed in the process. Suitable catalysts for mild cure finishing include strong inorganic acids, strong organic acids, active inorganic complexes, salt/acid combinations, and salts that are strong Lewis acids (i.e, certain metal salts). Ammonium salts of inorganic acids, although often used in other types of treatments for producing wrinkle resistant textiles, are not satisfactory catalysts for mild cure finishing. Unexpectedly and surprisingly, it has been discovered that ammonium salts of certain, but not all, sulfonic acids can serve as effective catalysts for mild cure finishing of cellulose-containing fabrics to produce wrinkle resistance and durable press properties. Among ammonium sulfonates which provide the catalysis needed for mild cure finishing are ammonium methanesulfonate, ammonium carboxymethanesulfonate (NH.sub.4 O.sub.3 SCH.sub.2 COOH), ammonium benzenesulfonate, and ammonium p-toluenesulfonate.