Abstract: A method of treating a substrate comprising contacting the substrate with a composition comprising i) an agent which provides a surface effect and ii) a polymer extender composition comprising a urethane based compound, a composition for treating a substrate, and treated substrates thereof.

Abstract: The current invention provides compositions, which are useful as stationary phases for a variety of chromatographic applications, such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and solid-phase extraction (SPE). The compositions provide both strong aromatic and hydrophobic interactions with components of a sample. Moreover, the invention provides compositions of new silanes, their immobilization on a solid substrate, such as silica, to form new stationary phases.

Abstract: Flame-retardant composition containing a first component selected from phosphorous acid or a salt of phosphorous acid and a second component selected from an isocyanic acid, an isocyanic acid precursor, a cyanate salt, a thiocyanate salt or isothiocyanic acid precursor, dicyandiamide, cyanamide or carbodiimide precursor.

Abstract: Non-fluorinated blocked polyurethanes are described as extenders and, particularly as textile auxiliaries, for use with fluorochemical polymers in treating substrates, for example fibrous substrates, such as textile fabrics or yarns. The polyurethane is prepared by reacting a polyisocyanate, a blocking agent, and a non-fluorinated isocyanate reactive compound having an average alkyl chain length of 24 to 50 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Novel laccase mediators, including carboxyamido and cyano derivatives of 2,6-dimethoxyphenol that exhibit improved hydrolytic stability and good bleaching performance. The novel laccase enzymes may be employed in conjunction with the 2,6-dimethoxyphenol derivatives of this invention to provide an improved method for bleaching denim fabrics.

Abstract: Methods of improving shrink-resistance of natural fibers (e.g., wool, wool fibers, animal hair, cotton), synthetic fibers (e.g., acetate, nylon, polyester, viscose rayon), or blends thereof (e.g., wool/cotton blends), or fabrics or yarns composed of natural fibers, synthetic fibers, or blends thereof, involving contacting the fibers (or fabric or yarn) with NaOH, H2O2, gluconic acid, dicyandiamide, and non-ionic surfactant (e.g., Triton X surfactant such as Triton X-100 and preferably Triton X-114), and optionally subsequently contacting the fibers (or fabric or yarn) with protease and non-ionic surfactant and optionally sodium sulfite and optionally triethanolamine and optionally polyacrylamide polymer. The methods do not utilize dichloroisocyanuric acid, chloroamines, peroxymonosulfuric acid, monoperoxyphthalic acid, permanganate, chlorine gas, sodium hypochlorite, or aminoplast resins.

Abstract: A new class of alpha-cyanomethine and alpha-cyanopolymethine dyes is provided having moieties which serve for the covalent attachment to biological substrates and resulting in the fluorescent labeling of the substrates. The labeled substrates are useful in analytical techniques for the detection and measurement of biological and clinical compounds of interest. Of particular interest is a class of methine molecules which are non-fluorescent in buffer solutions but intensely fluoresce when they enter a cell.

Abstract: The present invention provides a fiber-treating process wherein fiber is treated, in the presence of a polymerization initiator, with a fiber-treating composition containing (A) reactive protein synthesized by chemically bonding protein with a compound having polymerizable unsaturated group(s) or (A?) grafted protein which has been produced by graft-copolymerizing (C) hydrophilic monomer having vinyl group(s) onto (A) reactive protein synthesized by chemically bonding protein with a compound having polymerizable unsaturated group(s), and (B) hydrophilic monomer having vinyl group(s). The process provides fiber imparted with moisture absorbability and releasability durable against washing, antistaticity, water absorbability, and dry hand.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula 1 OCN—R1—NHCOX—R2—(Y)n??(1), where X is a covalent bond to R2 or is O, S or NR3, Y is a hydrogen atom or a free functional group and n is an integer from 1 to 20, can be used for functionalizing or modifying compounds or solid surfaces which have at least one group which is reactive toward isocyanate.

Abstract: A solution for forming a graft substrate containing a graft initiator, a catalyst for activating the graft initiator, a polymerizable silicon softener, and at least one additional prepolymer, each of the softener and the prepolymer which includes a functional group for reaction with an activated site on the substrate for grafting thereto and water. The treated fiber exhibits excellent crockfastness, color fastness, and abrasion resistance, strength, and has a soft hand.

Abstract: A solution for forming a graft substrate containing a graft initiator, a catalyst for activating the graft initiator, a polymerizable silicon softener, and at least one additional prepolymer, each of the softener and the prepolymer which includes a functional group for reaction with an activated site on the substrate for grafting thereto and water. The treated fiber exhibits excellent crockfastness, color fastness, and abrasion resistance, strength, and has a soft hand.

Abstract: A solution for forming a graft substrate containing a graft initiator, a catalyst for activating the graft initiator, a polymerizable silicon softener, and at least one additional prepolymer, each of the softener and the prepolymer which includes a functional group for reaction with an activated site on the substrate for grafting thereto and water. The treated fiber exhibits excellent crockfastness, color fastness, and abrasion resistance, and has a soft hand.

Abstract: A solution for forming a graft substrate containing a graft initiator, a catalyst for activating the graft initiator, a polymerizable silicon softener, and at least one additional prepolymer, each of the softener and the prepolymer which includes a functional group for reaction with an activated site on the substrate for grafting thereto and water. The treated fiber exhibits excellent crockfastness, color fastness, and abrasion resistance, and has a soft hand.

Abstract: A new class of alpha-cyanomethine and alpha-cyanopolymethine dyes is provided having moieties which serve for the covalent attachment to biological substrates and resulting in the fluorescent labeling of the substrates. The labeled substrates are useful in analytical techniques for the detection and measurement of biological and clinical compounds of interest.

Abstract: A new class of alpha-cyanomethine and alpha-cyanopolymethine dyes is provided having moieties which serve for the covalent attachment to biological substrates and resulting in the fluorescent labeling of the substrates. The labeled substrates are useful in analytical techniques for the detection and measurement of biological and clinical compounds of interest.

Abstract: A water dispersion type water and oil repellent composition obtained by polymerizing the following polymerizable monomer mixture (b) in the presence of a compound (a) having a blocked isocyanate group and no polymerizable unsaturated group: (b) a mixture comprising a polymerizable monomer having a polyfluoroalkyl group and a polymerizable monomer having no polyfluoroalkyl group.

Abstract: Aqueous dispersions comprising as component A) a compound containing two or more blocked isocyanate groups in the molecule and as component B) a compound obtainable by reacting a diepoxy compound with a diamine or polyamine and subsequently reacting the resulting reaction product with an acid and possibly as component C) a dispersant are suited together with fluorine containing oligomers or polymers for the oil-, water- and soil-repellent finishing of fiber materials.

Abstract: The fibrillation tendency of solvent-spun cellulose fiber is reduced by treating the previously dried fiber with a chemical reagent containing at least two functional groups which are reactive with cellulose and which are electrophilic carbon--carbon double bonds, particularly vinyl sulfone groups, or precursors thereof or electrophilic three-membered heterocyclic rings or precursors thereof. The chemical reagent is preferably colorless and is preferably applied to the fiber from aqueous solution. The fiber may be contained in a woven or knotted fabric.

Abstract: The present invention relates to waterproof but breathable flat materials prepared from the melt from polymer resin mixtures consisting of at least two different melt processable polyurethanes, wherein the different thermoplastic polyurethanes have soft segments with different chemical constitutions, wherein the thermoplastic polyurethane which forms the matrix is a polyurethane with a ether based soft segment, wherein the ether segment has a carbon/oxygen atomic ratio of at least two and at most three and is present at a rate of 70-95 wt. % with reference to the total weight of thermoplastic polyurethanes used for melt processing to produce a flat material, and wherein the flat materials according to the invention have a higher permeability to water vapour, determined according to DIN 53 122, and a lower water absorption, determined according to DIN 53 495, method C, than flat materials made from one of the polyurethanes used for the polymer resin mixture.

Abstract: The invention relates to a blocked polyisocyanate having an NCO functionality of from 2.2 to 4.5 and an average molecular weight of 800 to 25,000 and containing (1) blocked isocyanate groups corresponding to an NCO content of 5 to 20 wt. % calculated as free NCO, relative to unblocked polyisocyanate, (2) 1 to 75 meq of ionic groups per 100 g of blocked polyisocyanate, and (3) 3 to 40 wt.

Abstract: Di-, tri- and poly-perfluoroalkyl-substituted alcohols and acids and derivatives thereof are described which are prepared from perfluoroalkyl iodides and di-, tri- or polyallyl alcohols or acids. These compounds contain two or more perfluoroalkyl-iodoalkyl or perfluoroalkyl-alkenyl groups and one or two alcohol or acid groups or derivatized alcohol or acid functions. They can be reacted with isocyanates, epoxy compounds, anhydrides, acids or acid derivatives to prepare a great variety of oil- and water-repellent compositions which are useful for oil- and water-repellent treatment of textiles, glass, paper, leather and other substrates.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polyurethane hot melt adhesive that are hardened by the action of moisture and which contain at least one reaction product from a component that contains NCO groups and an essentially linear hydroxypolyester, hydroxypolyether, and/or hydroxypolyetherester component. In addition, the present invention relates to a procedure for manufacturing a material that is permeable to water only in vapor form, this being in the form of a fibre material, in particular in the form of a web, which is joined to a polyurethane film, in which the fibre material is coated with a polyurethane material and subsequently the polyurethane material is hardened to form a water-vapor permeable film. The present invention also relates to a material that is permeable to water only in vapor form and which is in the form of a fibre material, in particular in the form of a web, that is bonded to a polyurethane film.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for textile printing with aqueous dispersions in which an organic fixing agent is crosslinked with a blocked polyisocyanate having (i) an average molecular weight of about 800 to about 25,000, (ii) a content of blocked isocyanate groups, calculated as free NCO and based on non-blocked polyisocyanate, corresponding to an NCO content of about 5 to about 20% by weight, (iii) an ionic group content of about 1 to about 75 milliequivalents per 100 g of blocked polyisocyanate, and (iv) a content of polyalkylene oxide units of about 1 to about 20% by weight, based on blocked polyisocyanate, said blocked polyisocyanate being obtained by the reaction of(a) organic polyisocyanates,(b) isocyanate-reactive compounds containing (potential) ionic groups,(c) polyalkylene ether alcohols,(d) NCO blocking agents, and(e) optionally, isocyanate-reactive compounds that are different from components (b), (c), and (d).

Abstract: The invention relates to a blocked polyisocyanate having an NCO functionality of from 2.2 to 4.5 and an average molecular weight of 800 to 25,000 and containing (1) blocked isocyanate groups corresponding to an NCO content of 5 to 20 wt. % calculated as free NCO, relative to unblocked polyisocyanate, (2) 1 to 75 meq of ionic groups per 100 g of blocked polyisocyanate, and (3) 3 to 40 wt.

Abstract: A method for making an air bag by forming a fabric structure of filaments or yarns in the configuration of an air bag, and grafting first and/or second components onto some or all of the filaments or yarns to provide the fabric structure with increased resistance to fraying, filament or yarn pull-out, or distortion during manufacture or use of the air bag compared to non-grafted filaments or yarns. The graft component(s) may be applied to the filaments or yarns prior to, during or after formation of the fabric structure. An air bag material suitable for use in a passive restraint system is also disclosed utilizing grafted fabric substrate provided by the above described method. A passive restraint system utilizing such fabrics is also described.

Abstract: A method for imparting a softer handle to cellulosic fibres which comprises treating the fibres with a) an amino functional polymer and b) silicone polymer capable of reacting with the reactive groupings of the amino functional polymer, so as to cause the polymers a) and b) to be applied to the cellulosic fibres. The method may be performed either as a continuous process or as a batch process.

Abstract: Textiles can be finished in a wash- and cleaning-resistant manner by impregnation if aqueous dispersions are employed for this purpose which contain reactive copolymers and/or cocondensates having perfluoroalkyl groups and water-dispersible polyisocyanate mixtures whose NCO groups are not blocked.

Abstract: A corrugated paperboard strength enhancing process includes at least one resin application station located within the confines of the corrugator at a position where it is operable to apply a preselected amount of a strength enhancing resin to at least one side of the medium after it has been fluted. At least one liner is adhered to the set of opposed flute tips. Thereafter the combined board with the resin compound on selected transverse portions of the fluted medium is allowed to cure, under selected temperature and moisture conditions and without the application of pressure that would crush the fluted medium. A suitable resin for the intended purpose is an isocyanate compound.

Abstract: Durable press finishes are applied to cellulosic materials such as cotton by cross-linking a polycarboxylic acid within the cellulosic fibers using a cyanamide compound cross-linker devoid of phosphorus. Wrinkle-resistant, durable cellulosic materials free from formaldehyde odor result.

Abstract: An electrically conducting material including a cyanic group-containing material having adsorbed thereby copper sulfide. The cyanic group-containing material is in the form of powder or shaped body such as fiber, film, plate, rod or like and is formed of a synthetic polymer such as polyacrylonitrile or a polyamide having introduced thereinto cyanic groups; a naturally occurring polymeric substance such as cotton having introduced thereinto cyanic groups; or a low molecular compound such as phthalonitrile. The electrically conducting material may be prepared by treating the cyanic group-containing material with a source of monovalent copper ions and a sulfur-containing compound to form copper sulfide adsorbed by the cyanic group-containing material.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for aftertreating cellulose and cellulosic materials printed with reactive dyes by treating said printed material with an aqueous liquor that contains at least one cationic assistant, at least one amphoteric and/or at least one cationic fluorescent whitening agent. The prints so obtained have very good washfastness, especially very good wetfastness, and the required degree of whiteness.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for obtaining wash- and cleaning-resistant textile finishes by impregnating with customary reactive perfluoroalkyl-containing (co)polymers and/or precondensates in aqueous dispersion and concluding heating, wherein the dispersions have NCO-containing compounds which have a molecular weight of at least 450 and/or contain a diphenylmethane-based polyisocyanate mixture in blocked form.The process according to the invention has made it possible to equip textiles with water-repellant and oil-repellant finishes which are very highly wash- and cleaning-resistant.

Abstract: There is provided a method of finishing a cellulosic fiber-containing textile product with a resin bath based on a water-soluble urethane prepolymer. This treatment provides for improvements in dry and wet creased crease resistance and wash-and-wear properties of cellulosic fiber-containing textile products.

Abstract: Cotton and cotton-containing fabrics are desized in strongly alkaline aqueous solution with an alkali metal hypochlorite by a process in which from 0.5 to 8.0 g/l of a tertiary hydroxyalkylamine which is soluble in aqueous alkaline solution, of an oxyethylated and/or oxypropylated ethylenediamine, of an oxyethylated polyethyleneimine, of malonic acid, of cyanuric acid, of a cyanuric acid derivative, of a urea derivative, of cyanoguanidine, of oxazolidone, of pyrrolidone, of N-methylpyrrolidone, of N-methylimidazole or of a mixture of these is added to the aqueous bath, as an activator for the hypochlorite. Activators for hypochlorite are used in the desizing of cotton and cotton-containing fabrics in strongly alkaline aqueous solutions.

Abstract: A selectively reinforced paperboard carton having areas of reinforcement formed by impregnating the uncoated paperboard carton blank in patterned areas with a polyisocyanate which reacts with hydroxyl groups within the paperboard to form a cured polyurethane reinforcement. The preferred polyisocyanate is polymethylene polyphenylisocyanate.

Abstract: Wet and dry crocking are reduced on dyed textile cellulosic materials and their blends by aftertreatment with finish mixtures containing effective amounts of a reactive polyamine component and a blocked urethane prepolymer component. The polyamine component is a polyamide, epoxidized polyamide, chain-extended polyamide, epoxidized chain extended polyamide, epoxidized polyamine or epoxidized polyalkylenimine and the blocked urethane prepolymer component is a reaction product of excess polyisocyanate and hydroxy terminated polyether or hydroxy terminated polyester whose reactive isocyanate groups are blocked. Finish mixtures are applied to the dyed textile material, dried and cured to improve wet and dry crockfastness.

Abstract: Wet and dry crocking are reduced on dyed textile cellulosic materials and their blends by aftertreatment with finish mixtures containing effective amounts of a reactive component and a blocked urethane prepolymer component. The reactive component is a polyamide, epoxidized polyamide, chain-extended polyamide, epoxidized chain extended polyamide, polyamine epoxidized polyamine or epoxidized polyalkylenimine and the blocked urethane prepolymer component is a reaction product of excess polyisocyanate and hydroxy terminated polyether or hydroxy terminated polyester whose reactive isocyanate groups are blocked. Finish mixtures are applied to the dyed textile material, dried and cured to improve wet and dry crockfastness.

Abstract: A thermally reactive water-soluble urethane prepolymer having a plurality of masked isocyanate groups capable of regenerating free isocyanate groups at an elevated temperature, said urethane prepolymer having the formula: ##STR1## wherein A is an organic bridging group having a valency from 3 to 5,X is the residue of an active hydrogen compound having 2 to 4 active hydrogen atoms with removal of said active hydrogen atoms,Y is a masking group for isocyanate group,Z is the residue of a compound having at least one active hydrogen atom and at least one ionizable group with removal of said active hydrogen atom,a is an integer from 2 to 4, andb and c are such that the sum of b+c equals 2 to 4 and the products of ab and ac are at least 2 and at least 1, respectively.

Abstract: Fibrous materials of any kind is finished with an organic compound having fiber-finishing properties and containing one or several groups of the formula ##STR1## in which X is sulfonyl or carbonyl and A represents hydrogen or one equivalent of a mono-, bi- or trivalent metal or an ammonium group, is applied onto the fibrous material in the form of an aqueous or organo-aqueous solution or dispersion, and the fibrous material thus treated is then subjected, if necessary, to a heat treatment for the fixation of this organic compound onto the fibrous material. Organic fiber-finishing compounds containing the above-mentioned group may be for example dyestuffs, optical brighteners or compounds increasing the crease resistance.

Abstract: Electrically conducting fibers are prepared by introducing cyanic groups into a synthetic or natural starting fiber and then subjecting the fiber to a heat treatment with a copper compound, a reducing agent capable of reducing bivalent copper ions to monovalent copper ions, and a sulfur-containing compound capable of discharging a sulfur atom or sulfur ion for reaction with monovalent copper ions adsorbed by the fiber so that copper sulfide is impregnated into the fibers. Heat treatment with the sulfur-containing compound can be simultaneous with or separate from heat treatment with the copper compound and reducing agent. The electrically conducting fibers of the present invention have excellent conductivity, improved washability and are not plagued by the problem of static charging associated with the starting synthetic or natural fiber.

Abstract: The invention is a process whereby a fibrous cellulosic textile material is rendered wrinkle resistant by impregnating the material with an aqueous mixture of urea and at least one phosphoric acid, wherein the mole ratio of urea to phosphoric acid is about 4:1 to 8:1, to deposit thereon about 7.0-35% by weight of urea, and about 3.0-9.0% by weight of the phosphoric acid, based on the weight of the untreated material; heating the treated material to obtain a phosphorylated material; contacting the phosphorylated material with an aqueous solution of cyanamide to deposit thereon about 0.75-13.5% by weight of cyanamide, based on the weight of the phosphorylated material; and, heating the treated material to impart wrinkle resistance thereto.

Abstract: A process for the treatment of textiles, especially to impart shrink resistance thereto, in which there is applied to the textile a water-soluble curable polymeric material in the presence of alkali in an aqueous medium and simultaneously with or subsequently to such application there is applied a compatible exhaustion agent and the polymeric material is exhusted onto the textile and cured thereon.

Abstract: Knitted fabrics are fulled and shrinkproofed by a process wherein a loosely-knitted fabric is exposed to a diisocyanate. The so-treated material is then fulled and treated with a polyamine, whereby a polyurea is formed on the surface of the fibers and the fabric thus becomes shrinkproofed.

Abstract: Process for preparing a vehicle substance capable of covalent bonding with iological material, especially enzymes, by reacting a matrix containing --OH or NH.sub.2 groups with an organic diisocyanate under anhydrous conditions. The distance between the matrix and biological material may be extended by a stepwise reaction of the matrix with an organic diisocyanate, and organic spacer containing two or more --OH and/or NH.sub.2 groups and again with an organic diisocyanate. The coupling of the vehicle material with biological material takes place in buffered aqueous solution.

Abstract: Water-soluble polyurethanes are obtained by reacting sulfonated anionic polyesters containing about 0.8 to 2% sulfur with at least one diisocyanate to form film-forming polyurethanes which are directly soluble in water. The polyurethanes of the invention are advantageously applied in aqueous solution form as sizing for textiles and for bonding leathers.

Abstract: A transparent cellulosic paper is produced by coating or impregnating a cellulosic paper with an organic solvent solution containing a compound having a weight-average molecular weight of 200 to 2,000 and having at least two isocyanate groups in a molecule or with an organic solvent solution containing, in addition to said compound, at least one compound selected from the group consisting of an aliphatic monohydric alcohol having 6 to 18 carbon atoms and a nonionic surface active agent to the polyethylene glycol type having one hydroxyl group in a molecule, the ratio OH/NCO in the solution being less than 1; removing said organic solvent; and allowing the coated or impregnated paper to harden by aging.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of a composition containing PCS from polyisocyanates which comprises the following steps in the stated order:Step 1: Mixing a polyisocyanate with(a) an aqueous solution of an alkali metal or ammonium bisulphite or metabisulphite, or an aqueous solution of a mixture of any two or more of these salts, and(b) a compound or mixture of compounds containing on average one or more tertiary amino group per molecule, and(c) at least one water miscible solvent containing a hydroxy and/or ether group.Step 2: Mixing the reaction mixture from Step 1 with either or both of(d) at least one mineral acid or a solution thereof(e) an aqueous dispersion, emulsion, or latex of at least one water-insoluble organic polymer prepared from the polymerization of at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer or an organic polymer containing a plurality of urethane linkages.

Abstract: The present invention relates to water-dispersible polyurethane elastomers having a substantially linear molecular structure, characterized by(a) lateral polyalkylene oxide polyether chains having a content of ethylene oxide units of from about 0.5 to 10% by weight, based on the polyurethane as a whole and(b) a content of .dbd.N.sym..dbd., --COO.crclbar. or --SO.sub.3.crclbar. groups of from about 0.1 to 15 milliequivalents per 100 g,To aqueous dispersions of these water-dispersible polyurethane elastomers and to processes for producing these water-dispersible polyurethane elastomers.

Abstract: Hydrophilic additives are provided which may be introduced into fibrous articles to provide improved water absorbency and charge dissipation properties which resist abrasion and laundering. The fibrous articles are treated by contacting the articles with at least one hydrophilic additive, polyfunctional reactant and nitrogen catalyst under conditions sufficient to incorporate hydrophilic additive, polyfunctional reactant and nitrogen catalyst in the articles, followed by heating the fibrous articles to obtain the desired fiber characteristics.

Abstract: A composition for the treatment of fibrous materials which has the average molecular formula represented by the structure (I),r(nhconr'r'').sub.x (NHCOSO.sub.3.sup.- M.sup.+).sub.Y (I)where R is an organic radical, containing at least 6 carbon atoms; R' is an alkyl or aryl radical which may or may not contain substituents; R" is either hydrogen or an alkyl radical; x and y are each greater than zero and x + y .gtoreq.2; M.sup.+ is a monovalent cation or one equivalent of a polyvalent cation such that there is electrical neutrality in the molecule; and the molecular weight, as represented by the formula (I), is in excess of 500.