Abstract: Process for dyeing and printing cellulosic fiber materials with vat dyes in the presence of enediols as reducing agents and alkali, using in addition small amount of organic water-miscible solvents, for example low molecular weight alcohols, when reducing the vat dyes. The vatting of the vat dyes proceeds uniformly and completely within a relatively short time, and the resulting vat dyes are reproducible and notable for high levelness and fastness properties.

Abstract: Liquid compositions of sulfur dyes in reduced form are obtained by reducing a sulfur dye in an alkaline medium to which no sulfide reducing agent has been added, preferably employing a reducing sugar as reducing agent and a sulfur dye which has been washed to remove inorganic salts therefrom.

Abstract: A process for dyeing cellulose fibres or cellulose-containing blend fibres with vat dyes, sulfur dyes, leuco vat ester dyes or azoic dyes by the pad dyeing process without incurring ending, in which an aqueous dyeing liquor is used which, aside from the dye, contains a colorless compound of the formula ##STR1## or of the formula ##STR2## where Q is ##STR3## or .dbd.N--, Y is hydrogen, halogen, cyano, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkylsulfonyl,V and W, independently of each other, are each R.sub.2 --X.sub.2 --, R.sub.3 --X.sub.3 --, hydroxyl C.sub.1 --C.sub.5 alkoxy or an unsubstituted or C.sub.1 --C.sub.5 alkyl-- or C.sub.5 --C.sub.6 cycloalkyl-monosubstituted or --disubstituted amino group, the alkyl radical being unsubstituted or substituted by hydroxyl, cyano, sulfo or sulfato,R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, independently of one another, are each an aromatic or heteroaromatic radical,X.sub.1, X.sub.2 and X.sub.

Abstract: Specific vatting accelerators according to claims 1 and 2 are described. These can be added to a vat dye or sulfur dye composition, or to a dye bath or printing paste containing a vat dye or sulfue dye, by virtue of which an improvement of dye yield, particularly on cellulose materials, is obtained.

Abstract: A mixture of a textile auxiliary (T) obtained by reacting epichlorohydrin and ammonia in defined mole ratio, and a polymeric compound (P) which is a water-soluble homopolymer of a mono- or di-allylamine, or a water-soluble copolymer consisting of mono-, di- or tri-allylamine units may be used as an aftertreatment agent for fixation of anionic and sulphur dyeings on cellulosic fibres. The treated dyeings have better fastness properties than dyeings treated with either (T) or (P) alone.

Abstract: The wet-fastness properties of cellulose materials dyed with sulfur dyestuffs is improved by treating the cellulose materials, before, during or after dyeing, with a polymer which is a copolymer or homopolymer of a monomer of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 denote, for example, hydrogen or (C.sub.1 -C.sub.22)-alkyl; R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 denote hydrogen or methyl; and Y.sup..crclbar. denotes, for example, a monovalent anion.

Abstract: Polyester-cotton blend textile substrates are dyed with a disperse dye and then with a sulfur dye from the same dyebath which is maintained at a temperature no higher than 105.degree. C. when the sulfur dye is present therein and which preferably contains glucose as the reducing agent for the sulfur dye.

Abstract: The alkaline reoxidation of vat and sulfur vat dyes by means of hydrogen peroxide is difficult to control and to keep constant. By using agents which split off hypochlorite in the heat, for example sodium N-chloro-p-toluenesulfonamide, at pH values above 8 it is possible according to the invention even to reoxidize reliably combinations of these dyes having different oxidation behaviors. At the same time it became possible to combine the necessary soaping process with reoxidation.

Abstract: A hair-reserving penetration dyeing of the leather side of wool- or fur-bearing skins is obtained by dyeing the wooled or fur skins in aqueous medium with hydrosoluble sulpho-group-containing sulphur dyes (a) in the presence of dye-substantive uptake assistant (b) and of non-ionic and/or anionic hydrophilic dispersants (c) and optionally in the presence of leather fatting agents (d).

Abstract: Specific vatting accelerators according to claims 1 and 2 are described. These can be added to a vat dye or sulfur dye composition, or to a dye bath or printing paste containing a vat dye or sulfur dye, by virtue of which an improvement of dye yield, particularly on cellulose materials, is obtained.

Abstract: The reoxidation of sulfur dyestuffs in an acid medium is associated with disadvantages, such as pollution of the environment, the risk of corrosion on equipment etc. Admittedly oxidation in an alkaline medium does not have these disadvantages, but it is, in turn, more difficult to control (dependence on pH and constancy of color shade).These difficulties are eliminated in accordance with the invention if the textile material containing cellulose fibers which has the sulfur dyestuffs in the reduced form applied and fixed thereto is subjected to the oxidative action of sodium benzenesulfochloroamide or p-toluenesulfochloroamide under alkaline conditions in order to develop the dyestuff. This can be carried out either continuously or discontinuously.

Abstract: A process for the continuous dyeing of fabric webs, in which the fabric web is impregnated at a temperature between 20.degree. and 95.degree. C. with an aqueous liquor which contains dissolved and/or dispersed dyestuffs and squeezed, and the dyestuffs are fixed in a steam/air mixture, which comprises fixing the dyestuff without the impregnated fabric having been dried at an intermediate stage, keeping the dry temperature of the steam/air mixture between 110.degree. and 140.degree. C., adjusting the steam content of the steam air mixture in such a way that the wet temperature of the moist fabric web is between 50.degree. and 95.degree. C., and fixing the dyestuffs for at least 20 seconds.

Abstract: The simultaneous oxidation and fixation are effected in the presence of a stable aqueous composition comprising an oxidation agent selected among the iodates and bromates of alkaline metals and a fixation agent selected among thermo-hardenable cationic resins.

Abstract: The process for recovering recyclable sulphur from a strongly colored solution obtained from the production of sulphur dyestuffs containing alkali metal sulfides, alkali metal polysulfides, sulphur dyestuffs or mixtures thereof comprising(a) mixing said solution at an alkaline pH with a decolorizing amount of an iron or zinc compound which is a hydroxide or the salt of an inorganic acid whereby a precipitate is formed,(b) separating the precipitate to isolate a decolorized solution, and either(c) precipitating elemental sulphur from the decolorized solution by adding sulphur dioxide or alkali metal thiosulfate under acidic conditions, and(d) separating the precipitated elemental sulphur, or(e) recycling the decolorized solution for use in the manufacture of sulphur dyestuffs.

Abstract: New sulphur dyestuffs are prepared by reacting sulphur with a 4-hydroxydiphenylamine of the formula ##STR1## wherein R and R.sup.1 denote hydrogen or alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and the nucleus A has at least one free ortho-position in relation to the imino group, in a first stage at an elevated temperature to form a thiazine compound which is then sulphurized in a second stage in a water-soluble solvent at an elevated temperature to produce the sulphur dyestuff, and wherein a molar ratio of first stage reactants of 1:(2 to 2.4) between the 4-hydroxydiphenylamine compound and sulphur is maintained.

Abstract: Oxidation of dyeings with reduced vat and sulfur dyes, is accomplished in an improved manner with sodium chlorite under acid conditions of preferably pH 4.5-6 at 30.degree.-65.degree. C. in the presence of chelating agents which prevent the release of chlorine or chlorine compounds, such chelating agents being selected from derivatives of amino carboxylic acids, such as EDTA, and hydroxyalkane phosphonic acids.

Abstract: Textile materials such as fiber and cloth can be dyed more satisfactorily with sulfur dyes or sulfurized vat dyes by allowing an organic mercapto compound and/or an organic sulfur compound capable of generating mercapto groups under dyeing conditions to be present in dye baths. Still more improved dyeing results may be obtained by allowing a sulfite salt compound to be further present in such dye baths.

Abstract: An acidic, aqueous oxidant including ionized bromate, iodate and a soluble molybdenum-containing material.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the oxidation of sulphur dyes, particularly when they are incorporated in natural or regenerated cellulose textile fibres such as cotton, which employs an alternative oxidant to the ecologically undesirable dichromate now used. The process employs two steps, in the first of which the sulphur dyed textile is contacted with dilute hydrogen peroxide, very conveniently having a pH of 3-5 and at a temperature of from 40-80.degree. C. and in the second step, the textile is then contacted with a dilute solution of activator often ferric sulphate, preferably at pH 3-4 and from 0.1 to 1.0 g/l activator concentration. The process can be effected with relatively minor alteration or addition to existing equipment.

Abstract: In the processs for isolating solid sulphur dyestuffs from crude sulphur dyestuff melts, the improvement comprises adding 10.sup.-4 to 1% by weight, relative to the amount of dyestuff, of an organic flocculating auxiliary to the crude dyestuff melt to produce a filterable dyestuff precipitate and then separating said precipitate.

Abstract: The dyeing of cotton in glycol and glycol ether solvents containing direct or sulfur dyes is disclosed. Prior to dyeing, the fabric is treated with an aqueous solution to swell the fibers. When the pretreated cotton is dyed in solvent containing 0.25% to 2% potassium thiocyanate it results in improved color saturation. The instant invention is extremely effective for either cotton or cotton/polyester blends.

Abstract: A padding auxiliary is used in a dyeing process using a padding liquor wherein the padding auxiliary is an aqueous solution or dispersion containing(a) 20 to 50 percent by weight of a mixture of 50 to 100 percent by weight of a compound of the following formula ##STR1## and 50 to 0 percent by weight of a compound of the following formula ##STR2## (b) b percent by weight of a compound of the formula ##STR3## and (c) c percent by weight of a compound of the formula ##STR4## wherein b is a number from 0 to 5, c is a number from 0 to 5 and the numbers for b and c are chosen such that the sum of the numbers for b and c is a number from 1 to 10;R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are independently an aliphatic moiety with 5 to 12 carbon atoms or an araliphatic moiety with 7 to 13 carbon atoms;X.sym., Y.sym. and Z.sym. is each independently an alkali metal cation, ammonium cation or a cation of an alkylamine or hydroxyalkylamine wherein the alkyl has 1-12 carbon atoms;R.sup.

Abstract: An improved sodium hydrosulfite dye reducing composition is described for reducing vat or sulfur dye in aqueous dye bath solutions, comprised of sodium dithionite, at least 1 percent sodium sulfite by weight of sodium dithionite, and stabilized by alkali metal hydroxide, the improvement characterized by including in this composition an effective surface crust inhibiting amount of an anionic surfactant selected from the group consisting of alkyl sulfates, alkyl aryl phosphate esters, N-acyl-N-alkyl taurates, .alpha.-olefin sulfonates, alkyl aryl disulfonates, dodecylated oxydibenzene sulfonates, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: Polyester fiber materials are colored by contacting them with aqueous compositions containing an organic pigment or a vat dyestuff or both and an oxpropylate of a mono- to hexahydric alkanol of 2 to 6 carbon atoms (containing 20 to 60 propylene oxide units) and fixing in a manner which is common for polyester. The colorations are fast to migration, especially to bleeding into PVC-coatings.

Abstract: Dyeing and printing with sulfur dyestuffs involves dissolving the dyestuff by reduction. The dissolved reduced dyestuff is applied to the material to be dyed or printed and the dyestuff is reconverted into in soluble dyestuff by oxidation. The present invention improves the prior art by using as the dyestuff reducing agent a compound of the formula ##STR1## or an alkali metal salt thereof, wherein R is --H or --OH and R' is --H, --CH.sub.3 or --CH.sub.2 OH.

Abstract: According to this invention, there is provided an improved method of dyeing fibrous products characterized in that, in the dyeing of fibrous products using an oxidation-reduction dyeing type dye and an aqueous alkali solution of thiourea dioxide as a reducing solution, the reduction of the dye with the said aqueous alkali solution of thiourea dioxide is carried out in the presence of one or more substances selected from the group consisting of saturated aliphatic ketones having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, saturated aliphatic ketocarboxylic acids having 3 to 10 carbon atoms and alicyclic ketones having 3 to 10 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Process for the continuous dyeing of textile webs made from cellulose fibers or wool, or mixtures containing such fibers, with reactive or sulfur dyestuffs in reduced form, or with reactive or acid dyestuffs, which comprises preheating the textile material to temperatures of from 97.degree. to 104.degree. C. by means of IR radiators or microwaves while maintaining a residual moisture corresponding at least to the water retention amount (normal humidity) of the fibers, and subsequently treating it with steam for 10 to 300 seconds without applying additional pressure, in order to fix the dyestuffs.

Abstract: According to this invention, there is provided a method of dyeing fibrous products characterized in that, in the dyeing of fibrous products using an oxidation-reduction dyeing type dye and an aqueous alkali solution of thiourea dioxide as a reducing solution, the reduction of the dye with the said aqueous alkali solution of thiourea dioxide is carried out in the presence of one or more dialdehyde compounds selected from dialdehyde compounds represented by the general formulaOHC--R--CHO (I)in which R is a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic or aromatic organic compound radical.

Abstract: Green sulfur dyestuff is produced by reacting phenothiazine in sulfuric acid with an oxidizing agent, condensing the oxidized phenothiazine with p-nitrosophenol and thionating with sulfur and sodium sulfide the condensate in a bake or reflux process.