Abstract: The invention describes a process for the preparation of granular dye formulations by melt granulation, using a polyethylene glycol as melt vehicle. The essential feature of the invention is that a start is made from the dye which contains water, for example from the aqueous filter cake or synthesis solution, and adjusting the moisture content of the granular formulations to 1 to 30% by partial evaporation of water from the dye/polyethylene glycol melt.

Abstract: A process is described for spray-drying readily water-soluble dyes and fluorescent brighteners from a saturated aqueous solution which contains undissolved dye or fluorescent brightener in a ratio between dissolved and undissolved matter of 1:9 to 9:1.The free-flowing dye or brightener granulates obtained in this process are distinguished by high bulk density, abrasion resistance and dimensional stability.

Abstract: The invention is concerned with a method of producing in-line dyed fibers, in a gel state, characterized in that it essentially consists of extruding the spinning dope in a coagulum bath, stretching the resulting filaments, scrubbing said filaments to remove residual solvent, passing the resulting filament tow through a dyeing bath at an overall rate in excess of 4 cm.sup.3 bath per second per square centimeter of tow surface area. The overall rate, being preferably in the 4 to 10 cm.sup.3 /sec per cm.sup.2 range, is achieved by means of crossflows to the forward advance direction of said tow, and alternately directed to and from said tow, the tow residence time in the dyeing bath being no longer than 5 seconds. The tow is then subjected to a dye fixing heat treatment, and is then scrubbed, finished, and dried. The method is particularly suitable for use with substantially acrylic and modacrylic fibers.

Abstract: Novel quaternary alkoxyalkylammonium compounds of the formula 1 ##STR1## in which R denotes C.sub.8 -C.sub.20 --, preferably C.sub.12 -C.sub.18 --, alkyl or C.sub.8 -C.sub.20 --, preferably C.sub.12 -C.sub.18 --, alkenyl, R.sub.1, R'.sub.1 and R".sub.1, which can be identical or different, denote methyl, ethyl or benzyl and at least one of the radicals R.sub.1, R'.sub.1 and R".sub.1 denotes a group of the formula --(C.sub.S H.sub.2S O).sub.x H,R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, which can be identical or different, denote methyl, ethyl or benzyl,a denotes 0 or 1, b denotes 0 or 1, of which either a or b has to be=1, m denotes 0 or 1, n denotes 2 or 3, p denotes 1, 2 or 3, S denotes 2 or 3, x denotes 1, 2, 3 or 4, and A denotes a halide, methosulfate, ethosulfate or methophosphate ion. These compounds are used as retarders and leveling agents in the dyeing of polyacrylonitrile and acid-modified polyester fibers.

Abstract: A textile finishing process in which there is employed, as a pH regulator, a compound or a mixture of compounds of formula I ##STR1## in which p is from 1 to 20,R is hydrogen, C.sub.1-3 alkyl or C.sub.1-3 alkyl substituted by hydroxyR' has independently one of the significances given for R or is --CO--R andA is --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --; --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.

Abstract: Fiber material composed of acid-modified homopolymers or copolymers of acrylonitrile (PAC fibers) which has been obtained by a wet spinning process, has not been dried and is still in a swollen condition (gel form), can be dyed advantageously and in fast colors by means of soluble dyes, the molecule of which contains several groups, namely more than one quaternary grouping and/or a strongly basic grouping carrying no charge, which exert a basic action towards the acid groups of the fiber substance. The chromophore of this colorant can belong to the category of monoazo or diazo dyes, methine, azamethine or diazamethine dyes or naphthalactam dyes.In accordance with the invention, after substantially removing the non-aqueous spinning solvent by washing, the spun material, as a moist gel, is dyed continuously or discontinuously from an aqueous dyebath; the fibers can be stretched before the dye is applied, during the dyeing process itself or immediately afterwards.

Abstract: Improvement of a process for spin-dyeing acid-modified polymers or copolymers of acrylonitrile in which cationic quaternary dyestuffs are added to the spinning mass and spun according to the wet-spinning procedure. The improvement is characterized by using dyestuffs characterized by a migration factor M of 20 or less than 20, by a combination index K of less than 2.5 and a cation weight of more than 310. Migration factor M and combination index K are known values in the dyestuff field or can be determined. The dyestuff to be used according to the invention can belong to the most different classes of dyestuffs; they fix rapidly on the polymer, and thus they do not color, or color only to a minor extent, the coagulation, stretching and washing baths although they are soluble in water and aqueous solutions of these baths.

Abstract: A glass substrate is dyed or printed with a water-soluble polycationic dyestuff in the absence of a size or binding agent. The resulting dyeings have good rubbing fastnesses.

Abstract: Coloring compositions comprising an aqueous paste or dispersion of a filler which has been dyed with a water-soluble polycationic dyestuff, preferably together with a binding agent, are used in the coating of paper and the fixing, dyeing and printing of non-woven fabrics, including tissue paper.

Abstract: Mixtures of a phthalocyanine dyestuff and a substantive azo dyestuff which preferably has cationic or basic groups are suitable for dyeing paper.

Abstract: A key button molded of a synthetic resin and having on the top surface thereof a character or symbol printed with a coloring agent comprising a dye and a solvent which is capable of dissolving the dye and the synthetic resin, wherein the character or symbol is durably formed on the top surface by the action of the solvent on the surface and body to cause the dye to permeate the surface and the body.

Abstract: Cationic dyestuffs of the general formula ##STR1## wherein D is the radical of a diazo component free of anionic groups,X is a radical of the formula COCH.sub.3, CN, COOCH.sub.3, COOC.sub.2 H.sub.5, CONH.sub.2 or COC.sub.6 H.sub.5,R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 independently of each other are hydrogen or a nonionic substituent andR.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 independently of one another are alkyl, alkenyl or aralkyl, orR.sub.3 and R.sub.4, together with the nitrogen to which they are bonded, form a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring,n is 1 or 2 andAn.sup.(-) is an anion, andwherein the cyclic and acyclic radicals can in turn be substituted, are used for dyeing synthetic and natural cationically dyeable materials, such as cotton, paper, leather, polyacrylnitrile or acid-modified polyester or polyamide fibres.

Abstract: This invention relates to dyeing textile materials of polyacrylonitrile or copolymers containing acrylonitrile in polymerized form with basic dyestuffs in aqueous dyeing liquors using the exhaust method employing retarders. The retarders are obtained by condensing (a) piperazine and piperazine derivatives with (b) ethylene chloride, epihalohydrin, propylene chloride, 1,3-dichloro-2-hydroxypropane, bis-epoxybutane, 1,4-dichlorobutene or their mixtures in mole ratios of 1:0.9 to 1:1.1. The condensation products are then quaternized with benzyl chloride using 0.8 to 1.5 moles of benzyl chloride per mole of component (a) for the quaternization. The aqueous solutions of the retarders either do not foam or show a very low foaming tendency.

Abstract: A process for the continuous dyeing of fabric webs, in which the fabric web is impregnated at a temperature between 20.degree. and 95.degree. C. with an aqueous liquor which contains dissolved and/or dispersed dyestuffs and squeezed, and the dyestuffs are fixed in a steam/air mixture, which comprises fixing the dyestuff without the impregnated fabric having been dried at an intermediate stage, keeping the dry temperature of the steam/air mixture between 110.degree. and 140.degree. C., adjusting the steam content of the steam air mixture in such a way that the wet temperature of the moist fabric web is between 50.degree. and 95.degree. C., and fixing the dyestuffs for at least 20 seconds.

Abstract: The present invention concerns our discovery that decorative sheets and coverings comprising polyvinyl chloride and having substantially non-migratable through-color images may be prepared using cationic dyestuffs. These coverings may be prepared by providing a variety of polyvinyl chloride-containing substrates with image compositions comprising cationic dyestuffs and a suitable binder, and then treating these materials such that the cationic dyestuffs migrate into the substrate. Through-color images are obtained which are substantially non-migrating, even under severe conditions.

Abstract: The fastness properties of basic dyeings on cellulosic substrates are improved by treating the substrate with a fixing agent comprising a precondensate or mixture of(A) the reaction product of an amine with cyanamide, dicyandiamide, guanidine or biguanidine, or,(B) a quaternary polyalkylene polyamine with(C) formaldehyde and/or,(D) an N-methylol compound optionally together with(E) a catalyst, e.g. MgCl.sub.2.The fixing agents are normally applied as an aftertreatment, with a subsequent heat-curing step.

Abstract: Cationic azo dyestuffs of the formula ##STR1## wherein X.sup.(+) denotes an ammonium group, m denotes 0 or 1,R denotes hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1 - to C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.1 - to C.sub.4 -alkoxy, hydroxyl, amino, sulphonamido and carboxamido, or acylamino which is optionally substituted by halogen or a quaternary group, R.sup.1 denotes hydrogen, C.sub.1 - to C.sub.4 -alkyl, halogen or C.sub.1 - to C.sub.4 -alkoxy,R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 independently of one another denote hydrogen, C.sub.1 - to C.sub.4 -alkyl, C.sub.1 - to C.sub.4 -alkoxy or acylamino, andAn.sup.(-) denotes an anion, andwherein the azo group and hydroxyl group of ring a are located adjacent to one another and further carbocyclic or heterocyclic rings can be fused to ring a, are used for dyeing paper.

Abstract: Disclosed is a Romanowsky stain having improved stability characteristics which comprises a methanol solution of Methylene Blue, an azure dye and the free acid of Eosin Y.

Abstract: This invention relates to an optical brightener composition comprising at least one optical brightener and at least one color salt consisting of an optical brightener component having at least one anionic group and a color component having at least one basic group capable of forming a slat with the anionic group, which composition has an excellent brightening effect capable of giving a clearer whiteness as well as a high light fastness.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel color salt or color complex consisting of an optical brightener component having at least one anionic group and a color component having at least one basic group capable of forming a salt with the anionic group. This color salt is capable of coloring various fibrous articles, paper, pulp, leathers, rubbers, adhesives and plastics in clear and brightened color.

Abstract: Electrically conducting acrylic and modacrylic fibers are prepared by subjecting the fibers to a first heat-treatment in a bath containing a copper compound and a reducing agent to adsorb monovalent copper ions within the fibers. The heat-treated fibers are washed thoroughly and then subjected to a second heat-treatment in the presence of a sulfur-containing compound to convert the adsorbed monovalent copper ions to copper sulfide. The electrically conducting fibers have superior conductivity which is not lost in repeated washings. The electrically conductive fibers can be dyed readily with cationic dyes without loss of electrical conductivity. The electrically conductive fibers of the present invention possess the touch and other physical characteristics of the starting acrylic or modacrylic fibers.

Abstract: There are described novel crystalline bromine and iodine salts of triazole dyes of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is the CH.sub.3 or C.sub.2 H.sub.5 group,R.sub.1 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl group,R.sub.2 is an unsubstituted or substituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl group, andX is the bromine or iodine ion,and also processes for producing them, and their use for dyeing and printing in particular polyacrylonitrile materials.

Abstract: A process for simultaneously bulking and dyeing linear polycarbonamide fibers which comprises treating the same with a solution of an alcohol containing a tinctorial amount of at least one dyestuff therein, and thereafter washing the treated fibers in hot water, soaping, and washing in hot and cold water and drying.

Abstract: Stable dust-free commercial preparations of organic substances are described, which preparations comprise an organic substance especially a dyestuff or optical brightener in dry powder form enclosed in a covering, particularly in a sack or bag sealed on all sides, made from polyethylene oxide having a molecular weight of more than 200,000 and a thickness of 10 to 80.mu., which covering is soluble in the same medium as the content.

Abstract: There is described a process for dyeing paper or, in particular, cellulose containing fibre material with an aqueous dye liquor, which dye liquor contains at least one cationic or basic dye which(a) has available at least one system of delocalized .pi.-electrons, which system consists of at least 9 conjugated double bonds lying in one plane, and(b) possesses a planar molecular structure, the said material being treated, before or during dyeing, with at least one cationic or basic levelling agent; there is no necessity to add salt additionally to the dye bath, and there are obtained by this process level dyeings which exhibit a high degree of exhaustion of the dye, and which are characterized by good fastness properties, especially by good fastness to wet processing.

Abstract: This invention provides a method of dyeing a fibrous structure containing cellulose fibers. The method includes the steps of impregnating the fibrous structure with an alkaline compound in an amount of from 1 to 20% by weight based on the weight of the fibrous structure and with a modifying agent, the molar ratio of the alkaline compound to the modifying agent being 0.1 to 2.0, and the modifying agent being a compound of the formula ##STR1## where X is --H, --NO.sub.2, --CH.sub.3, or --SO.sub.2 Cl; effecting chemical modification of the impregnated fibrous structure by heat-treating it under steaming or dry heating conditions; and then dyeing the modified fibrous structure with a dye such as a disperse dye.

Abstract: Dyestuffs of the formula: ##STR1## in which R.sub.2 and R.sub.4 which are the same or different each represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl, hydroxyalkyl or cyanethyl group, one of the substituents R.sub.1 and R.sub.3 represents the 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group and the other substituent represents an alkyl group or the 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group, the ring A is unsubstituted by or substituted by one or 2 chlorine atoms or an alkoxy or alkyl group, the rings B.sub.1 and B.sub.2 are each unsubstituted or substituted by at least one alkyl or alkoxy group and X represents a colorless monovalent anion; process for the preparation of such dyestuffs; process for the coloration with such dyestuffs based on a polymer or copolymer of acrylic nitrile or on polyamides or polyesters which have been modified by anionic groups; and fibres based on a polymer or copolymer of acrylic nitrile or on polyamides or polyesters which have been modified by anionic groups colored by means of such dyestuffs.

Abstract: Cationic or certain anionic dyes are rendered compatible with normally incompatible anionic and nonanionic polymers by the addition of certain surface active agents.

Abstract: A dyeing assistat containing at least(a) an alkylbenzene or tetrahydronaphthalene (tetralin) or a mixture thereof,(b) an anionic surfactant,(c) a non-aromatic and water-immiscible solvent and optionally also(d) a polar solvent and/or(e) a non-ionic surfactant; this dyeing assistant can be used to promote the migration of the dyes and thus to improve the levelness and dye yield when dyeing synthetic fibre material, preferably polyester, in particular in the temperature range from 80.degree. to 130.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for producing solutions of salts of water-soluble carboxylic acids of cationic dyes or optical brighteners, the solutions of cationic dye salts or brighteners salts which are obtained by this process and which are miscible with water in any proportion, and the use of these solutions for preparing dye liquors and printing pastes for dyeing, optical brightening and printing of, in particular, synthetic textile materials, which process comprises reacting the halide of a cationic dye or brighteners, in an aqueous or anhydrous medium, with at least one water-soluble carboxylic acid in the presence of an epoxide compound having a minimum of 13 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Described is a process for the level dyeing of polyacrylonitrile materials of slow, normal and rapid absorptive capacity with an aqueous dye liquor, which process comprises using a liquor containing at least one migrating cationic dye as well as, if required, further additives; and adding to the liquor, before, during or after dyeing, at least one organic cationic migration auxiliary.This process renders possible by the use of organic migration auxiliaries the obtainment of level single-shade and, in particular, combination-shade dyeings at normal dyeing temperatures.Particularly suitable migrating cationic dyestuffs are those having a more or less delocalized positive charge, the cation weight of which dyestuffs is smaller than 310, the parachor smaller than 750 and the log P (relative lipophil property) smaller than 3.6.Particularly suitable organic migration auxiliaries are those of which the cation weight is smaller than 250, the parachor smaller than 700 and the log P smaller than 6.4.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is chlorine or bromine,R.sub.1 is straight or branched chain unsubstituted C.sub.1-4 alkyl,R.sub.2 is --CH.sub.3, C.sub.2 H.sub.5, n--C.sub.3 H.sub.7 or n--C.sub.4 H.sub.9,R.sub.3 and R.sub.4, independently, are hydrogen, chlorine, bromine or methyl,R.sub.5 is methyl or ethyl,n is 2 or 3, andA.sup..crclbar. is an anion,their production and use for dyeing and printing cationic dyeable substrates, e.g., polymers and copolymers of acrylonitrile and asymmetric dicyanoethylene and synthetic polyamides and polyesters modified by the introduction of acidic groups, and for dyeing plastics in the mass, paper and leather.