Abstract: A wrench socket has a fastener receiving recess extending inwardly from an end face of the socket. A first set of equally spaced-apart long points and a second set of equally spaced-apart short points are formed on the inner surface of the recess, each short point located between two long points. The points are parallel to the longitudinal axis of the recess. The long points extend inwardly from the end face for a length that is substantially greater than the height of the fastener element that fits within the recess while the short points extend inwardly from the end face for a length that allows axial pressure to be applied to the fastener element by the inner ends of the short points. Preferably the second set of points extend inwardly from the end face for a length that is slightly less than the height of the fastener element.

Abstract: A jam proof lug nut and socket wrench combination. A lug nut has a polygonal shaped tapered main body. The tapered outer surfaces of the main body are arranged at an angle relative to the nut longitudinal axis greater than the interior polygonal surfaces of the socket wrench relative to its axis of rotation.

Abstract: The invention provides an open-ended ratcheting wrench for a hex head fastener. The wrench includes a jaw having an inner surface defining an opening for receiving the fastener. The inner surface includes arcuate heel and nose surfaces that are configured to cause the jaw to ratchet when it is rotated in one direction and that drive the fastener when the jaw is rotated in the opposite direction. The inner surface also includes tapered surfaces that provide undercut areas to protect the corners on the fastener when torque is applied to the fastener. This reduces wear at the corners. The wrench also includes a manually operable handle for rotating the jaw.

Abstract: An English-Metric drive including a generally cylindrical rigid body having a polygonal shaped bore extended axially therethrough and with the polygonal shaped bore bounded by a first hexagonal arrangement of twelve planar primary facets axially aligned with and offset from a second hexagonal arrangement of twelve planar secondary facets to thereby create a set of six primary points and a set of six secondary points with each primary point formed of a pair of primary facets joined at an apex and with each secondary point formed of a pair of secondary facets joined at an apex and wherein a first distance as measured between one of the primary facets of one of the primary points of the first arrangement and the parallel primary facet positioned directly opposite thereto is between about 1/2 to 31/2% different than a second distance as measured between one of the secondary facets of one of the secondary points of the second arrangement and the parallel secondary facet positioned directly opposite thereto.

Abstract: The invention is a tool having contoured opposing jaws for fully engaging hexagonally shaped fasteners on at least four sides for any fastener within the operating range of the tool. The jaws include a two-surfaced jaw and an opposingly disposed three-surfaced jaw. The jaw surfaces are configured and positioned relative to one another in such a way as to maintain a shape which conforms to that of the fastener's hexagonal shape during adjustment.

Abstract: An extensible wrench handle that can be used with a removable wrench head. The wrench handle has a cross beam shaped primary handle over which an extension may be slid to various positions for increasing or decreasing torque. The wrench handle is also provided with a flexible head that is pivotal about a forward end of the primary handle. The flex head has a substantially square drive post which protrudes from a flat surface of the flex head, the edges of the drive post being convex curved surfaces. The wrench head is an open end wrench that has upper and lower jaws that are joined by a web. A neck is joined to the web and has a drive hole which extends through the neck. The drive hole is defined by sidewalls which are convex arcuate surfaces.

Abstract: A speed wrench has a short jaw and a long jaw interconnected by a throat, the jaws respectively having short and long driving surfaces which are generally parallel but which may be very slightly inclined with respect to each other. The throat has a generally flat surface portion adjacent to the short driving surface and inclined at an angle of at least 120.degree. thereto and connected thereto by an arcuate recess in the short jaw. This generally flat surface portion may be slightly convex having a radius greater than twice the distance between the driving surfaces. The remainder of the throat is arcuate and is shaped and dimensioned so that it will not contact a fastener engaged with the driving surfaces. Open-end wrench and adjustable wrench versions are disclosed, and in the former the support surface portion of the throat has a length approximately one-half the side dimension of an associated fastener. In the adjustable wrench version, at least the long driving surface may be serrated.

Abstract: A wrench allows the user to apply sequential strokes to a rotatable element such as an hexagonal nut or bolt without removing the wrench from the element.sub.--. The wrench has a head with two jaws adapted to engage the rotatable element. A spring-mounted, retractable jaw member is linearly slidable within a slot in one of the jaws and biased toward the base of the wrench head. The retractable jaw member also has an exposed engaging surface on one side. The opposing jaw has another fixed engaging surface extending substantially parallel to the engaging surface on the retractable jaw member. The two engaging surfaces cooperate to grip a rotatable element and apply torque to the element to rotate it in one direction. On the return stroke, a relatively small amount of resistance from the rotatable element forces the retractable jaw member inward into its slot, allowing the wrench to rotate back around the element without turning it in the reverse direction.

Abstract: A composite, non-electrically conductive, non-sparking, non-magnetic and lightweight cutter/plier hand tool has two pivotally interconnected lever members, each of unitary, one-piece construction and formed by compression molding of multiple plies of a discontinuous random glass fiber-reinforced plastic sheet molding compound. Fixed to the jaw of each lever member is a ceramic insert made of transformation toughened zirconia, formed by dry compression and then sintering of a powdered form of the ceramic material. Each insert has a serrated gripping portion and a cutting portion, with cutting surfaces on the opposed inserts operating in shearing relationship. Three versions of the inserts are disclosed.

Abstract: Each side of an active head, having a roughly polygonal cross-section, of a tool includes two half-sides, active zones of which are asymmetrical with respect to each other relative to the axial mid-plane such side, so as to apply, to the driven profile, a greater torque in one direction compared to the other for a given stress experienced by the tool.

Abstract: A sleeve module includes a hexagonal recess longitudinally defined by six sides of the sleeve module, any two adjacent sides of the six sides of the sleeve module being alternately formed with a support side and an urging side, a protruding portion formed on each of the support sides and extending radially and inwardly therefrom, each of the urging sides having a first end portion and a second end portion, a plurality of first teeth formed on the first end portion of each of the urging sides and facing toward an adjacent support side, a plurality of second teeth formed on the second end portion of associated urging side and facing oppositely to the plurality of first teeth.

Abstract: A tool for removing oil filter canisters or cartridges from an internal combustion engine, consists of a pair of elongate sidewalls that extend from the base of the tool along substantially the entire length of a canister or cartridge that is to be removed. The sidewalls of the tool are arranged to be drawn together by a cam and slot mechanism which is incorporated in the base of the tool and which is operated by an axially applied wrench. The sidewalls of the tool slant toward each other such that the distal ends of the sidewalls make primary, initial, gripping contact with the base of the canister or cartridge, with the inner surface of the sidewalls making secondary, gripping contact with a substantial portion of the sidewall of the canister or cartridge.

Abstract: An improved ratchet wrench is disclosed that minimizes the number of moving parts that are needed in the device to provide a low torque ratcheting action along with a non-ratcheting high torque mode of operation. Proximate each of the engaging faces of the wrench head, there is an irregular pyramidal cutout. The base of the cutout is a three sided polygon and forms a trailing engagement face when the wrench head is turned in the direction for providing torque to the nut. The apex of this cutout irregular pyramid is contiguous to, and provides a perpendicular junction between, the engaging face and the face of the wrench head. Thus, when the wrench direction is reversed, the wrench head rises up away from engagement with the nut and, upon the cooperating vertices of the nut reaching the next cutout, falls back into engagement with another set of trailing engagement edges. Ratcheting action for low torque applications is thus provided.

Abstract: An open-end wrench is disclosed which can be used with a variety of fastener head shapes and which reduces marring or rounding-off of the corners of the fastener head. The wrench has a wrench cavity for receiving the fastener. The wrench cavity includes offset convex drive surfaces which have a radius of curvature equal to half of the fastener head width. Clearance surfaces are provided adjacent to and in continuously curving contact with the drive surfaces to accept the corners of the fastener head when force is applied to turn the fastener.

Abstract: A wrench for driving a nut utilizes curved drive faces. The drive faces are convex and protrude inward toward a center line between the jaw portions. Notches are formed on each drive face near the free end. One wrench is adjustable, having a positioner that pushes the nut outward as the movable jaw closes. The positioner maintains the nut in a position in contact with the curved drive surfaces.

Abstract: A drive socket for imparting torque loads to a fastener element includes a body with a cavity opening to a distal end for receiving the fastener element. The cavity has protuberances projecting inwardly toward the central axis from the cavity surface to engage the fastener element. The protuberances have a frusto-pyramidal shape and are uniformly spaced circumferentially around and longitudinally along the cavity surface. The protuberances thus form a cross-hatched or knurled pattern. The cavity is tapered to further assist in fastener engagement. The protuberances firmly engage the fastener element at longitudinally intermittent points to apply torque loads and facilitate rotary displacement.

Abstract: A wrench structure including a wrench head having a fixed jaw, with a movable jaw arranged in a sliding confronting relationship relative to the fixed jaw is arranged, wherein the fixed and movable jaws each include mirror image confronting faces, with each face having a mirror image V-shaped recess to accommodate enhanced securement of a wrench flat complementary surface portion of an associated workpiece for grasping within the V-shaped recesses.

Abstract: A wrench for turning a fastener nut having a central axis and an even-numbered plurality of flat bounding surfaces parallel to the fastener access wherein diametrically opposite pairs of surfaces are parallel to each other and the bounding surfaces intersect in adjacent pairs to form fastener corners. The wrench includes a fastener nut socket defined by a central socket axis. The socket includes a plurality of uniformly spaced peripherally and radially disposed sides and a plurality of uniformly spaced fastener corner clearance recesses disposed between sides. Each side includes a planar surface and a pair of complimentary surfaces, wherein a complimentary surface diverges outwardly from each end of the planar surface at an angle of approximately three degrees (3.degree.). The planar surface has a length approximately equal to 0.35 times (.times.) the minor diameter of the fastener nut to be driven.

Abstract: A screwdriver and screw may be used in combination or with conventional screws and screwdrivers. The screwdriver has a head with forward and rearward faces. Curved driving surfaces on the faces extend from left and right side edges toward a longitudinal axis of the screwdriver. The screw has a slot with equal and opposite faces which are convex curved surfaces. The screw also has a bottom with protruding retainer lips and shoulders which extend upward along a side edge of each face for maintaining the driver in the slot. The bottom is a convex curved surface.

Abstract: An open-end ratchet wrench is shown which has a handle and a generally C-shaped head at one end of the handle providing a pair of open-ended jaws with spaced confronting jaw faces. The jaws are provided in the form of a plurality of rotatable toothed gears which are presized and prealigned to engage and rotate about the angular side surfaces of a nut or bolt head to be received between the jaws for turning. A ratchet mechanism is also provided for selectively preventing rotation of at least one of the gears in one direction.

Abstract: A wrench for driving a nut utilizes curved drive faces. The drive faces are convex and protrude inward toward a center line between the jaw portions. Notches are formed on each drive face near the free end. One wrench is adjustable, having a positioner that pushes the nut outward as the movable jaw closes. The positioner maintains the nut in a position in contact with the curved drive surfaces.

Abstract: The open-end wrenching head includes two jaws and a throat interconnecting the jaws. The jaws include planar jaw driving surfaces each with a roughened region thereon adjacent to the throat and an unroughened region adjacent to the outermost end of the jaw driving surface, each of the roughened and unroughened regions being constructed and arranged to engage a portion of a selected side of a fastener. The throat may include either an arcuate surface or two planar throat driving surfaces. Each of the roughened regions has a coefficient of friction substantially greater than that of the unroughened regions and may be formed by deposition of an abrasive material by any of a number of processes or by deformation of the jaw driving surface by any of a number of processes.

Abstract: The present invention involves a wrench for tightening and loosening bolts, nuts and fasteners having n number of equal length outside working surfaces. The wrench has a working wrench head with an orifice which contains at least two pairs of flat inside working surfaces. The pairs of inside working surfaces are arranged about and equidistant from an imaginary central axis through the orifice, and the surfaces of each pair form a surface contact angle a with one another. A handle which, is removably or permanently connected to the working wrench head and adapted for rotation of the working wrench head. In one preferred embodiment, the wrench has at least two pairs of surface contact angles that are directly opposite one another.

Abstract: A wrench, such as a socket, for a torquing device, such as a ratchet wrench for cooperating with a fastener, such as a nut or bolt. The fastener has plurality of faces that join each other at respective edges. The fastener also has radii that are measured from the center of the fastener to the respective faces thereof, a first radius from the center of the fastener which is normal to the face of the fastener; a second radius at an angle of approximately 15.degree. from the first radius and a third radius at an angle of approximately 15.degree. plus a flank angle from the first radius. The coupling element includes a plurality of adjoining surfaces. Each surface includes an adjoining flank section at each end thereof that is angled with respect to the surface in a direction away from the corner of the fastener, the angle being the flank angle.

Abstract: An adjustable wrench has a drive shaft adapted to be turned by a conventional ratchet wrench. A housing is mounted on the output end of the shaft and three equidistantly spaced jaws are mounted between the shaft and surrounding housing. Cam surfaces are on the jaws and inside of the housing so that housing rotation in one direction will open the jaws and in the other direction will close them. A ratchet mechanism connects the shaft to the housing.

Abstract: A composition including ethylene glycol and friction particles mixed together in predetermined proportions. The composition is used to aid in the removal of headed fasteners. The composition may also be used in place of a lock washer. The composition is most effective when used with fasteners made of soft metals.

Abstract: A plastic wrench consitsint of a handle (2) and a gripping head (3,4), having a polygonal opening (5,6) in which there is embedded an open metal insert (10,11), likewise polygonal, and the walls of which form gripping jaws, wherein the walls (12,13,14,15) of the insert (10,11) forming the jaw are parallel and protrude slightly from the lateral faces (16-19) of the openings (5,6) of each gripping head (3,4), whereim the metal insert (10,11) is made from a hard, flexible and resilient metal having a coefficient of hardness of between 45 and 50 HRC, and wherein, in the region of the jaws (12-15), the thickness E2 of the insert (10,11) is between 0.5 and 0.7 times the thickness E1 of the gripping head (3,4).

Abstract: A locking plier having a pair of opposed, pivotable work-gripping jaws with facing curved portions on each jaw between the tip and the pivot, and transverse work-gripping teeth in the curved portion of each jaw, the face of the teeth in the curved portion of one jaw which faces toward the handle being at an angle of from about 75.degree. to about 85.degree. to the primary form centerline, and the face of the teeth in the curved portion of the other jaw which faces away from the handle being at an angle of from about 75.degree. to about 85.degree. to the primary form centerline, each such tooth having an included angle of from about 45.degree. to about 90.degree..

Abstract: An open end wrench for use with a nut allows ratcheting of the wrench without removing the wrench from the nut. The wrench has fixed upper and lower jaw portions. An upper primary drive face and an upper secondary drive surface are located on the upper jaw portions. A lower primary drive face and a lower secondary drive face are located on the lower jaw portions. A rear stop face is located at the junction of the upper and lower jaw portions. Clearances are provided in the upper and lower jaws to enable the wrench to be rotated relative to the nut either approximately 30 degrees from a primary to a secondary drive position, or 60 degrees from primary to primary drive positions.

Abstract: An adjustable wrench comprising a handle, a stationary outer jaw member integrally formed with the handle and having at least one outer face and a support surface for a moveable jaw, and a moveable jaw member riding on the support surface and continuously supported thereby during its entire range of movement, the moveable jaw member having an inner face parallel to the stationary outer face whereby the turning of a nut placed between the stationary outer face and the moveable inner face creates a force a part of which is applied to the moveable jaw member in a direction perpendicular to the direction of travel of the moveable jaw member thereby forcing the moveable jaw member against the support surface.

Abstract: An adjustable wrench particularly useful to facilitate ease of installation and removal of fluid fittings in and from a fluid system. The wrench includes an elongated handle threadedly cooperating with a body member. The body member has a pair of opposed clamping faces defining a clamping cavity adapted to receive an associated fitting. Relative rotation between the handle and body portion axially advances and retracts a smooth end face of the handle into and out of abutting engagement with a side wall of the fitting. A cutout region in the wrench body is adapted to receive one branch of an associated tee or cross type fluid fitting. The subject wrench readily facilitates clamping engagement of a fitting while coupling nuts are run up on or backed off of the fitting branches by conventional means.

Abstract: An adjustable wrench having a fixed jaw and a spring biased movable jaw. A coil spring acts on an end of a worm gear opposite the fixed jaw, which, in turn, acts on a rack of teeth provided on a portion of the movable jaw to force the movable jaw towards the fixed jaw. The worm gear is rotated to advance the movable jaw against an object which is to be gripped. Upon contact of both the movable jaw and the fixed jaw with the object, the worm gear is rotated further to compress the coil spring. The force of the coil spring against the worm gear diminishes looseness between the worm gear and the movable jaw, and compression of the coil spring further diminishes any such looseness and enhances holding power of the wrench about the object.

Abstract: The biting edges of a toothed bit are forced into a damaged bolt or the like and rotated by operation of an impact wrench coupled to the toothed bit to rotationally disengage and extract the damaged bolt.

Abstract: A tamperproof fire hydrant which can only be operated with use of a special operating means or tool thus preventing the opening of the hydrant by unauthorized persons for unauthorized use. The hydrant is provided with the usual polygonal end portion of the rotatable operating nut extending out of the top closure member. A dome shaped cap is mounted on the polygonal end portion of the operating nut for free rotation relative thereto, the dome shaped cap having a skirt with the lower edge thereof spaced from the tubular hold down nut or top closure member of the fire hydrant to provide a limited access space to the polygonal end portion for reception of the special operating means. The special operating means is also capable of being used as a tool to remove the nozzle cap off of the usual nozzle and to install the hose coupling on the nozzle.

Abstract: A screwdriver bit has a pair of opposite driving faces which taper toward each other at its bit end which faces are arcuate in form, concave-out and terminate in a bit edge which is double concave in cross section, thicker at both its ends than at its center. The center thickness is made small enough to enter the slot of small screws, and the end thicknesses are great enough that the center of the bit edge does not make contact with the slot of larger screws. A single bit can drive and remove screws of a wide range of sizes.

Abstract: A pipe gripping tool includes a body, a fixed jaw secured to the body and having a bite face, a movable jaw povoted to the body in opposition to the fixed jaw and having a plurality of cooperating bite faces for gripping a pipe in cooperation with the bite face on the fixed jaw and a return spring anchored at one end to the movable jaw and at the other end to the body. The plurality of bite faces on the movable jaw are positioned at different distances from the bite face on the fixed jaw.

Abstract: A wrench, formed as an open box wrench or to completely encircle a nut comprises a drive insert for at least two opposed nut faces. Each drive insert engages its respective nut face over the full length of the latter. A guideway for each drive insert has parallel sides arranged at an angle such that upon applying torque, the drive insert will not move into the recess, while on the reverse stroke the insert will easily move into the recess. The facing surfaces of the drive insert and the nut may be provided with a cooperating projection and recess.

Abstract: A modified crescent wrench in which the adjustment and holding mechanism may be quickly engaged or disengaged. The spiral adjustment cylinder is mounted over an eccentric mandrel which is rotated about its own axis to engage or disengage the spiral cylinder with the moveable jaw of the wrench.

Abstract: A bi-directional wrench (2) capable of ratchet type action is disclosed for turning a member (6) with equally spaced peripheral recesses in either direction without reversing the position of the wrench. The wrench includes one or more teeth (14) and a pair of supports (19,20) on either side of and spaced from the teeth of the wrench for engaging the member. The supports (19,20) and the tooth or teeth (14) of the wrench are configured to permit radial disengagement of the teeth (14) from the recesses of the member (6). In a preferred form, complete removal of the wrench from the member is prevented by the shape of the wrench to enable a true ratchet type action.

Abstract: Adjustable wrench with two jaws for engaging four contiguous sides of a hexagonal body. The operative jaw surfaces for engaging the two opposite parallel faces of the body engage only part of these faces. The said operative jaw surface of one of the jaws extends only a short distance upwardly along one of said opposite parallel faces near the hexagon corner embraced by this jaw. The said operative jaw surface on the other jaw is divided into two generally coplanar surface portions with an interjacent recess, the operative face portion next to the hexagon corner embraced by this jaw forming a short setting shoulder.

Abstract: An open end ratchet wrench having an arcuate cavity to receive a D-shaped member. The D-shaped member being movable between inner and outer ends of the cavity to either ratchet around a nut or bolt or to apply a tightening force.

Abstract: A pipe wrench jaw adapted to be utilized with a wrench having a pair of jaw members adapted to be moved towards and away from each other. The replaceable jaw comprises a housing member having an upper and lower end spaced from each other and a pair of sides adapted to fit across the width of a jaw member of the wrench with a plurality of grooves extending on the upper end between the sides. Each groove has a front and rear wall extending in spaced relationship to each other and a gripping member is pivotably mounted in each groove between the sides and adapted for angular movement between a forward position and a rearward position between the front and rear wall respectively.

Abstract: An adjustable wrench having two jaws movable in relation to one another. Each jaw having one short wrenching face and an adjacent longer wrenching face. The short wrenching faces engaging diametrically opposite sides of a nut and the longer wrenching faces engaging diametrically opposite sides of a nut. A recess is cut into one jaw to accommodate the longer wrenching face of the other jaw.

Abstract: An adjustable wrench for torqueing and ratcheting a symmetrical convex polygon member, such as a square, hexagon, or octagon, the wrench having a body with a fixed jaw and a movable jaw, one of the jaws having a torqueing are defined by intersecting torqueing surfaces which engage the planar surfaces on the member to be rotated and having also, outwardly from such torqueing surfaces, a first and second ratcheting surface for engaging adjacent surfaces on the member to be rotated, the outermost ratcheting surface being of a length less than 1/2 the length of the one side of the member to be ratcheted, and the other jaw having a member engaging area including torqueing surface corresponding to the torqueing surfaces of the first mentioned jaw and having a planar outer ratcheting surface which is parallel with the outermost ratcheting surface of the other jaw, such that the spacing between the jaws may be adjusted so that the member may be engaged between the torqueing surfaces of the two jaws for applying torqu

Abstract: A ratcheting wrench for a hexagonal member, the wrench having a body portion with a first and second jaws extending therefrom, the jaws being spaced apart from each other and providing a member receiving area therebetween, and a handle extending from the body, the first jaw having an inner peripheral surface facing the member receiving area having four contiguous torqueing surfaces configured to receive a hexagonal member, each of these torqueing surfaces being at an angle of 120.degree. relative to any adjacent torqueing surface, and the second jaw having an inner peripheral surface facing the member receiving area having four contiguous torqueing surfaces configured to receive a hexagonal member, each of the torqueing surfaces being at an angle of 120.degree. relative to any adjacent torqueing surface, the first jaw torqueing surfaces and the second jaw torqueing surfaces each being adaptable to separately contact four peripheral surfaces of a hexagonal member.