Abstract: In machining a blank material on an automatic lathe of the type having first and second headstocks slidably carried along a bed, the first and second headstocks are slidable along their respective machining axes, and the first headstock grips the blank material to take a front machining, whereupon the semi-machined blank material, i.e., a workpiece is transferred to the second headstock to take a rear machining. The lathe also has first and second guide bushes for intermediately guiding the workpiece near the working point while the workpiece is gripped by the first and second headstocks. For machining a blank material in the form of a cylindrical rod continuously, the entire machining cycle can be divided into the front and rear machinings. Thus it is possible to shorten the machining cycle period.

Abstract: A method of producing a finely structured body comprised of a plurality of stacked, cut sections of foil at least one of which is provided with grooves. A machinable foil is wrapped around a cylindrical mandrel of a lathe to overlap opposing edges. The overlapped edges are clamped into an axial recess of the cylindrical mandrel by means of a clamping means and a plurality of grooves cut into the surface of the foil by means of at least one shaping diamond positioned in a feed which is finely adjustable. The plurality of grooves each have a groove length, a groove width, and a cross-sectional shape that is constant over the groove length and is freely selectable. Then, the grooved machinable foil is cut into cut sectoins and the cut sections are stacked. The plurality of grooves have a form precision such that, for groove lengths of more than 1000 .mu.m, the groove width has an accuracy of about .+-.1 .mu.m for land widths which equal or exceed about 15 .mu.m.

Abstract: A method of machining metals, by effecting relative movement between a work piece and a tool having a cutting edge to cut the work piece and produce a chip, including injecting a high pressure jet of cooling liquid into the cutting zone during machining, the jet being at a pressure of at least about 5,000 p.s.i. The jet is preferably injected between the chip and the rake face of the cutting tool, and the trajectory of the jet is offset from the rake face of the cutting tool by a small amount and the jet is aimed at the cutting edge of the tool.

Abstract: A boring tool for refinishing the bearing seat of a limited slip differential case having a side opening and having upper and lower bores which are concentric with the bearing seat. Generally frustoconical centering bushings are wedged into the upper and lower bores of the case, and the boring head is inserted into the case through the side opening. Thereafter, a boring bar is slid downwardly through the upper bushing and the boring head and is slid into the lower bushing, the boring head then being secured to the boring bar. When the boring bar is rotated, the bushings hold the boring head in concentric relation with the bearing seat.

Abstract: An indexing mechanism in a machine tool for selectively positioning plural pin portions of a crankshaft at the machining position aligned with the work spindle, wherein a indexing member engaging with the crankshaft through an engaging pin is rotated by an indexing motor through a gear train. The crankshaft is initially rotated in a first direction until a selected pin portion engages with a rest shoe of a rest device provided on the bed in order to be positioned in a reference angle position, in which the selected pin portion is located at the machining position aligned with a work spindle. The crankshaft is then clamped on the chucking device. After that, the indexing motor is rotated in a second direction opposite to the first direction until the load of the motor exceeds a reference level, so that the influence of a backlash in the gear train and a clearance between the engaging pin and the crankshaft is eliminated.

Abstract: A screw cutting method for use with a numerically controlled machining system is improved by enabling finer finishing of the final screw surface. The invention allows the removal of scars formed during rough machining by offsetting the position of the rough machining passes in the direction of screw cutting, i.e., in the direction of movement of the tool during cutting, so that during the final finishing pass, more material is removed from the screw surface opposing the cutting direction. Surface finish is further improved by specifically controlling the cutting depth in the cutting passes just preceeding the final cutting pass.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for securing a drum blank for machining includes inserting a cylindrical mandrel within a bore of a drum blank, introducing a liquid support material into a space between the outer diameter of the mandrel and the inner diameter of the drum blank, and solidifying the support material. Once the support material is solidified, the drum blank is securely held to the mandrel. Machining operations can be performed by mounting the assembly in a lathe. After machining is completed, the support material may be treated so that the mandrel can be removed from the drum blank. The mandrel may then be recycled.

Abstract: A duplicator attachment for a wood turning lathe which provides the same freedom and control of the cutting action as in normal freehand turning operations, and enables duplication of all contours including inside contours and bowls. The duplicator attachment also enables the pattern to be supported on the same vertical center as the workpiece and above the workpiece rather than below or to the side of the workpiece, thereby permitting the full swing of the lathe to be utilized. The duplicator attachment provides an articulated support arm to bring the cutting tool and tracer, respectively, against the workpiece and pattern to be duplicated. The support arm has three sections which rotate conjointly to provide for movement of the cutting tool and tracer longitudinally along the center line of the lathe, laterally perpendicular to the center line of the lathe, and rotationally about axes mutually perpendicular to the directions of the lateral and longitudinal movements.

Abstract: A cutting tool for finishing a back surface of a workpiece having a hole is proposed. A blade having an equilateral triangular shape is attached to a shaft of the cutting tool. One of cutting edges formed along the sides of the blade projects transversely of the shaft. The tip of the projecting cutting edge comes to contact the workpiece's back surface. When the workpiece is rotated and the shaft is moved in the diametrical direction relative to the hole, the cutting edge tip grinds the back surface. At this time, if the shaft moves in the longitudinal direction of the workpiece, the blade creates a notch in communication with the hole on the workpiece's back surface, resulting in a stepped borehole.

Abstract: In the present invention, a machining range for each chucking can be determined automatically by inputting a final work shape and a starting material shape. Therefore, the burden on the operator can be reduced. That is, the present invention is a method for automatically determining a machining range, comprising the step of inputting a final work shape and a starting material shape for a lathe turning machining operation and automatically collectively determining one or more chucking places and corresponding lathe turning machining ranges which will result in the production the desired final work shape. Further, the present invention is an automatic programming system for controlling lathes, comprising a machining range determination portion that collectively determines one or more chucking places and corresponding lathe turning machining ranges, which will result in the production of the desired final work shape, on the basis of the final work shape and the starting material shape.

Abstract: A lathe tool includes a stiff shank and handle portion and, adjustably extending forward from the shank, cantilever fashion, an elongated resilient blade. The combination is configured and disposed on a tool rest so that, when the tip of the blade engages a downwardly moving surface of a workpiece, a vibration or chatter of the blade results and produces a three dimensional textured pattern on the workpiece. Pattern and texture may be selectively varied by adjusting the unsupported length of the blade (to control its frequency of vibration), by changing speed of rotation of the workpiece, by changing pressure of the tool blade on the workpiece, and by lateral and rotational manipulation of the tool.

Abstract: A method of simultaneously cutting the surfaces of a set of a plurality of rolls made flush with one plane, disposed at equal angular intervals, and forming a central caliber therebetween, by means of a cutter provided with cutting tools in the same number as that of the rolls. The cutter holds the cutting edge of the cutting tool in parallel with the cutter shaft and adapts the cutting edge to face the just front side of one of the rolls for the purpose of cutting. In cutting, in addition to the movement of the cutter in the axial direction Z and circumferential direction .theta., the cutting tool moves in the radial direction R of the cutter shaft. Thus, the cutting edge 21a' is kept facing the roll shaft at right angles all the time in spite of positional change in the circumferential direction .theta., whereby simultaneous and continuous shaping of not only the caliber surface but also round parts 10b on both sides of the shoulder and 120.degree. surface is made possible.

Abstract: A dual template assembly for permitting rough and finish cuts to be made on successive passes of a tracer lathe includes separate rough and finish templates. A pneumatic cylinder selectively causes sliding movement of the rough template relative to the finish template. The rough template is initially moved to an extended position, wherein an edge thereof is exposed over an edge of the finish template. A lathe tracing stylus is moved across the rough template edge, causing the lathe to remove material from a workpiece in accordance with the rough shaped defined thereby. A sensor generates a signal when the tracing stylus completes its movement across the rough template. In response thereto, the control circuit causes the rough template to be moved to a retracted position, wherein the finish template edge is exposed over the rough template edge.

Abstract: The formation of intermittent chips or chip breakage are assured while machining a rotating workpiece by causing the undeformed chip thickness to vary periodically and be reduced to zero in each period of its variation. To obtain the periodic reduction of the undeformed chip thickness to zero, a cutting tool is made to oscillate along its feed advance path. Tool oscillation is controlled so that the tool's position depends on the angular displacement of the rotating workpiece. The number of cycles of tool oscillation per revolution of the workpiece may be freely chosen depending on the required length of chip segments. The oscillation amplitude needed to form intermittent chips depends on this number, feed advance per revolution, and number of simultaneously applied cutting edges of the tool. The oscillatory movement of the tool may be enforced in many ways.

Abstract: In the thread cutting method according to the present invention, the cutting amount S in each of the thread cutting operations from the second thread cutting operation to the (N-1)th thread cutting operation can be made less than and closest to the allowable cutting amount S.sub.p in each of the thread cutting operations by respectively determining as the cutting amount S.sub.1 in the first thread cutting operation and the cutting amount S.sub.n at a cutting depth which corresponds to the bottom of thread the values which are less than and closest to the allowable cutting amount S.sub.p obtained at the two cutting depths. In consequence, wear of the tool can be reduced and the time required for the thread cutting process can be shortened while the thread cutting accuracy can be maintained high by determining either of two equations from the prerequisites and the processing conditions and then by designating the equation to be adopted.

Abstract: A brake is provided for a workpiece spindle for spindle control. The generation of position shear of a workpiece spindle due to the unbalanced contact of the brake is prevented by changing the clamping power before and after the contact with the workpiece spindle. After the clamping of the workpiece spindle, the servo controlling state of the workpiece spindle motor is maintained and the overheat of the motor is prevented by limiting the torque of the workpiece spindle motor.

Abstract: Method for machining flat, circular disk-shaped recording media, for example, audio, video or ROM compact disks, for the purpose of improving their surface quality and their dimensional stability, employs a lathe having a driven lathe spindle (7), a vacuum chuck (8) for holding the recording medium or substrate (15, 15'. . . ) to be machined, and a carriage (9) for holding and guiding the cuting tool (5) magazine (14) hold the machined and unmachined substrates, there being further provided a robot (10) held on the base (2) or bed (4) of the lathe and having a gripper arm (11) with gripping tongs (12) movable in several planes which transport the substrates from one magazine (14) to the vacuum chuck (8) or from the vacuum chuck to the other magazine, the stacking axes (L) of the two magazines extending at an angle to the horizontal plane (E), and the magazines being maintained within the range of action of the gripper arm (11) with gripping tongs (12).

Abstract: For machining male or female screws, especially of considerably large size diameter, variable pitch or tapered, as desired, a machining center is used which is composed of a work table mounting the work fixedly thereon, and a rotatable machining spindle exchangeably fitted with a thread-cutting tool. Axial feed and rotational speed of the spindle are driven by respective drive motors. In addition, the work table is fed bilaterally on a plane perpendicular to the axis of the spindle by respective feed motors. All these four motors are controlled synchronously by respective controllers which are subjected to control by a single parent numerical controller.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a machine for the machining of a metal bk, especially for boring and facing.The machine according to the invention comprises a laser sighting system making it possible to bring the component to be machined into coincidence with an axis (X) or a reference plane (XY). This system makes it possible, by means of removable optoelectronic sensors, to obtain a control signal allowing the holding table to be positioned in an assisted manual way or automatically, for example with a numerical control.

Abstract: A side trimmer made from hardened steel has an inner diameter with a keyway, an outer diameter, and two faces. A recess is machined in the faces to a radius greater than the keyway root. The recesses enable the faces to be hard faced with a ceramic tool without the tool being destroyed by interrupted cuts at the keyway. At least one face is formed with an annular groove that separates the faces into inner and outer faces. The outer face cooperates with the outer face of a second side trimmer to form a nip that trims a moving coil. When the outer faces have worn, they are resharpened by hard turning with a ceramic tool.

Abstract: A machine tool and method for simultaneously boring, facing and back boring three bores in a differential carrier with three tools that rotate coaxially with their spindle axes. Each tool has a first slide at its free end that carries a first cutting insert for back boring a first diameter and then generating a radial face that serves as a bearing seat on the differential carrier. Each tool also has a second slide carrying a second insert for boring a second diameter. The construction, arrangement and movement of the two slides are correlated with each other to maintain the tool in balance during extension and retraction of both slides. In the preferred embodiment the first insert must be retracted when it is advanced into the carrier, extended to back bore and then retracted to generate a radial face. The second insert is at the same location circumferentially of the tool. One insert is retracted while the other insert is extended, and vice versa, to maintain the tool in balance.

Abstract: Composite articles, cutting tools and wear parts are prepared by densification of a mixture comprising whiskers, fibers, or particles of hard refractory transition metal carbides, nitrides or carbonitrides uniformly distributed in a titanium diboride matrix. Optionally, other dispersoids may also be incorporated. The preferred composite article or cutting tool has a fracture toughness equal to or greater than about 2.5 MN.multidot.m.sup.1/2. Methods of preparation and use are also disclosed.

Abstract: For machining male or female screws, especially of considerably large size diameter, variable pitch or taper, as desired, a machining center is used which is composed of a work table mounting the work fixedly thereon, and a rotatable machining spindle exchangeably fitted with a thread-cutting tool. Axial feed and rotational speed of the spindle are driven by respective drive motors. In addition, the work table is fed bilaterally on a plane perpendicular to the axis of the spindle by respective feed motors. All these four motors are controlled synchronously by respective controllers which are subjected to control by a single parent numerical controller.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for removing metal from a workpiece so as to form an incomplete hole therein is disclosed. The tool includes a shank having a plurality of cutting inserts adjustably attached to one end thereof. The cutting inserts are axially spaced apart from one another along the tool shank by a predetermined distance which is greater than the thickness of the workpiece. The first cutting insert functions as a drill or end mill to form a rough incomplete hole through the workpiece, while the second cutting insert functions as a boring tool to finish the incomplete hole. An opposite end of the tool shank is retained within a bore formed in a tool holder. The tool holder is supported within a conventional rotational means, such as a lathe. Both the opposite end of the tool shank and the bore formed in the tool holder are formed eccentrically to provide maximum flexibility in adjusting the rotational axis of the cutting inserts and, therefore, the diameter of the incomplete hole being formed.

Abstract: An iron-based cutting tool, useful for machining aluminum-based workpieces at surface speeds at or in excess of 1000 sfm, is fabricated by (i) removing surface impurities from the surface of the cutting tool which will be exposed to crater wear during such machining, the removal being by sputtering or ion bombardment using the surface as a target thereby resulting in a cleansed activated surface; and (ii) depositing a single-phase crystal film of sputtered silicon carbide onto the cleansed activated surface.The activation of the surface in step (i) is carried out by causing ionized argon to be accelerated against the surface maintained at about zero bias and the depositing of step (ii) is carried out to cause silicon carbide to be condensed onto the activated surface as a result of being dislodged from a silicon carbide target maintained at about zero bias for at least 300 minutes.

Abstract: A method for finishing the full radial surface of a face type commutator includes relatively rotating the commutator on its axis with respect to a cutter to form a finish on the commutator face which includes radially inwardly cross hatch segments which become progressively open toward the outer periphery of the commutator and which end in a series of generally radially directed single line segments at the radially outer portion of each of the conductor segments of the commutator so as to dress slot edged during cutting to prevent formation of slot burrs; thereafter brushing the commutator face to remove loose chips therefrom followed by finishing the surface to remove irregularities therefrom and to form surface roughness thereon for brush run-in.

Abstract: A tool retracting method and apparatus is for retracting a tool in an NC machine tool upon the detection of the occurrence of an abnormal machining condition during operation of the NC machine tool. The tool retraction direction is determined which is counter to the direction of the cutting load acting on the work at the moment of the occurrence of the machining abnormality, so that the tool can be promptly retracted without interfering with the work.

Abstract: Two preferred embodiments of an apparatus are disclosed for imparting combined synchronous reciprocating and oscillatory motions to a cutting tool of the type used with an engine lathe to cut a continuous circumferential serpentine-patterned groove in the surface of a workpiece held and rotated about an axis of rotation by the lathe. The tool is axially journaled and mounted on a slide block permitting oscillatory and reciprocating motions of the tool relative to the rotating workpiece. Direct inflexible drive mechanisms impart the reciprocating and oscillatory motions, where the motions are synchronous with each other and are timed so as to define an integral number of waves around the circumference of the workpiece. The first embodiment employs a cam, cam followers, and direct mechanical or hydraulic linkages therefrom utilizing a minimum of parts to impart the motions. The second embodiment employs two separate servo motors to impart the motions.

Abstract: A method of making a plurality of concentric ring cuts in a pliable device such as an elastomeric seal, by rotating the device at a speed to generate a desired centrifugal force and cutting into the rotating device with a knife while flushing the knife and elastomeric device to produce a device having one or more sets of concentric rings with each set comprised of one or more rings.

Abstract: When round screw thread machining is performed with a tool (TL) having a radius smaller than a circular arc radius of a threaded portion (RST), data necessary for deciding (i) tool path patterns of round screw threading cycles (PLi) and (ii) a starting point (Pi) of each round screw threading cycle are commanded and incorporated in NC command data of the round screw threading cycles, the cycle starting point (Pi) of each round screw threading cycle (PLi) is obtained along the circular arc profile of the round screw thread using the data, and round screw thread machining is performed by repeatedly executing the threading cycles while successively shifting the cycle starting point.

Abstract: Wear resistant cutting tools are comprised of cutting tools implanted with at least one element selected from the group consisting of, chlorine, fluorine, bromine, iodine, sulfur, indium, gallium and tin. The elements are implanted within the cutting tools in at least an effective amount to increase the wear resistance of the insert, up to an amount that does not substantially impair the hot hardness and toughness of the tool.In a method for lubricating the interface between a cutting tool and a workpiece in a lathe turning operation, at least one element selected from the group consisting of fluorine, bromine, iodine, sulfur, indium, gallium and tin are implanted in the tool. The elements are implanted so that the elements can lubricate the interface between the cutting edge and workpiece during turning without substantially impairing the hot hardness and toughness of the cutting tool.

Abstract: In a remaining bar material machining method, a plurality of works are taken from a continuous bar material on an NC lathe, and the remaining portion left at the end of the bar material is machined effectively. In the lathe in which both first and second headstocks are axially movable along the bed, the continuous bar material can be continuously machined with efficiency. At that time, to utilize the remaining portion left at the end of the bar material effectively without discarding it, this remaining bar material is transferred to the second headstock. An NC controller includes a main machining program and a remaining bar material machining program; when the remaining bar material has been transferred to the second headstock, the remaining bar material machining program is executed instead of the main machining program having hitherto been executed. During machining the remaining bar material on the second headstock, the first headstock is waiting in readiness for the machining of the next bar material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a machine tool having two spindles driven and controlled by servomotors (1), (2) by supplying velocity control circuits (3), (4) with velocity commands (Vcmd.sub.1), (Vcmd.sub.2) for independently controlling the rotational velocities of first and second spindles. The spindles of a machine tool such as a lathe are controlled for synchronous operation so that the two spindles can be controlled in order to machine a workpiece efficiently. According to the invention, synchronous operation is executed efficiently upon achieving coincidence between the rotational angles of the spindles so that a workpiece can be regripped during rotation.

Abstract: The invention pertains to a process and an apparatus for machining axially symmetrical parts on lathes or rotary broaching machines in which the workpiece is held at each end by an axial clamping pin and a clamping jaw assembly, the clamping pins and clamping jaw assemblies cooperating such that the clamping jaw assemblies may be retracted relative the clamping pins when the ends of the workpiece are being machined and may be extended relative the clamping pins when additional support for the workpiece is desired, as, for example, when the central portion of the workpiece is being machined. The clamping pins and clamping jaw assemblies are movable relative each other and relative the workpiece such that machining of both ends of the workpiece may take place simultaneously or sequentially, followed by machining of the central portion of the workpiece, on a single apparatus and as part of a continuous, uninterrupted machining sequence.

Abstract: Contact lenses can be made by machining an inner concave surface into a plastics material blank, then mounting the blank in a lathe and machining the outer convex surface thereon. Repeated measurement with a micrometer is needed during the latter machining to ensure that the lens vertex is correctly formed. To avoid this, the sensor described herein comprises a remote laser source from which radiaiton passes the lens vertex in the blank to a detector, the items being arranged so that, when the lens has been correctly machined, a surface diffraction effect occurs at the vertex leading to a detectable signal from the detector. The basis of the technique is the projection of an image of an edge diffraction intensity distribution through a slit to the detector while the non-diffracted component of the laser beam is prevented from reaching the detector.

Abstract: A method for producing workpieces with surfaces of non-circular but regular cross-sections with a working tool, wherein the workpiece is rotated about its own axis and the axis of the workpiece is rotated around an axis being eccentric to the axis of the workpiece and the two rotations being brought into a certain relationship according to the surface to be generated. According to the invention the axis of the workpiece is rotated mechanically independently from the eccentric axis and the relationship between the two rotations is established and maintained by an electrical control into which parameters of the surface to be produced are fed and with which the rotations of the axis are monitored and, in dependency of the fed-in and monitored factors, into rotational drives of the axes is interfered, respectively.

Abstract: A diamond tool for the mirror-finish cutting of non-ferrous materials and a method of manufacturing the same are provided. The diamond tool has a main cutting edge and minute side cutting edges formed at the opposite ends of the main cutting edge so as to intersect the main cutting edge at an angle. The dept .DELTA. of chamfer of the side cutting edge is 1.5 to 5 times the depth of tears formed in the machined surface (0.1 .mu.m.ltoreq..DELTA..ltoreq.1 .mu.m) and the length l.sub.2 of the side cutting edged is 1.5 to 10 times the feed of the diamond tool (0.02 mm.ltoreq.l.sub.2 .ltoreq.0.8 mm). The rake face of the diamond tool comprises two rake faces and two side rake faces. A tool grinding surface plate for manufacturing the diamond tool has a flat surface for grinding the rake faces, and a circumferential tapered surface for grinding the side rake faces.

Abstract: The feed advance speed, or rather its scalar value, of a turning cutting tool edge is varied for a time duration which is short relative to the time duration required for one full revolution of a work piece. The varying of the scalar value of the feed advance speed takes place at non-periodic timed intervals and at least once for each work piece revolution. Thus, a simple control not requiring any enforced phase relationship between tool movements during different revolutions of the work piece, can be applied to a computer numerically controlled machine tool, such a lathe for truing railroad wheels. A work piece surface is achieved which has at least the quality of conventional work piece surfaces produced with substantially more complicated phase controls for the tool movement. Positive chip fracture is also achieved.

Abstract: In a method of manufacturing a photoreceptor base drum by a lathe-turning machine in which a cutting tool is brought in contact with a surface of the base drum and travels in the axial direction to finish the surface of the base drum into a mirror-like surface, a main cutting edge formed by a rake surface and a front flank surface on the cutting tool is shaped as a curved surface with a radius of curvature of 0.15 to 3.5 .mu.m, and the rake surface and the front flank surface are shaped to smoothly continue to the curved surface of the main cutting edge.

Abstract: A method is described for assuring concentricity of a gear's pitch circle with its axis, the pitch circle having a non-constant radius about the axis. The method comprises the steps of: determining the gear's pitch circle and its position of maximum radial offset from the gears axis; positioning the gear in a chuck having a plurality of simultaneously movable jaws, the chuck having an axis which is continually concentric with respect to its jaws as they move, the position of maximum radial offset being positioned adjacent a chuck jaw so that when the jaws are moved to grip the gear, the axis of the gear is offset from the chuck axis by action of the jaws on the gear; placing the chuck and gripped gear in a machine tool adapted to machine the gear concentrically with the chuck's axis; and operating the machine tool to remove sufficient material from the gripped gear to bring the gear's axis into concentricity with the gear's pitch circle.

Abstract: A tailstock assembly for a wood-turning lathe which facilitates the drilling of deep bores into long slender wooden workpieces. The tailstock includes a chuck grasping the tail end of the workpiece, said chuck having an axial center bore therethrough providing a guide for a drill inserted therein to make the bore.

Abstract: A system for final balancing of first machined cast metal brake drums using a conventional static balancer with an electronic ounce/inch imbalance recorder and a conventional lathe with adjustable chuck and cutting tool controlled by computer developed analogs for a recorded ounce/inch imbalance.

Abstract: The conventional multiple-spindle automatic lathes are expensive on account of their complicated construction, and the production output and production possibilities are limited on account of the restricted number of work spindles utilized. The novel automatic lathe is to offer higher production outputs and more universal manufacturing possibilities with a simpler construction.The basic structure of an automatic lathe with eight tool spindles (10) for the manufacture of workpieces in eight successive machining stations resides in that, additionally to the number of basic tool stations (1 through 8), each basic tool station, except for the first, is once more included as an additional tool station (2 through 8) arranged in the same sequence of machining upstream of the basic tool stations (1 through 8) so that the total number of machining stations amounts to N=2n-1, a loading and unloading station being provided at the tool station (1).

Abstract: A method of machining a journal (14) on a lug (10) for a roller cutter drill bit in which the stand (22) holding the lug (10) is fixed and a cutting tool (26) is mounted on a holder ( 24) over the journal (14) for rotating about the journal (14). Two separate machining procedures for the journal (14) are provided with each machining procedure employing a separate cutting tool (24). A rough truing cut is made with a first cutting tool (24) and a final finish cut is made with a sharp second cutting tool (24) having cutting surfaces unused except on the finish surfaces.

Abstract: A method of forming a beaded transfixion wire for orthopedic uses. The beaded transfixion wire includes an elongated wire formed of an implant grade material. A bead is provided on the elongated wire intermediate the opposite ends thereof. The bead extends outwardly beyond the outer surface of the elongated wire and is integral therewith.In forming the beaded transfixion wire the solid bar stock is rotatably fed past a cutting tool to turn down a portion of the bar stock to a selected daiameter to provide a first portion of an elongated wire. The first portion of the elongated wire is fed into a tube for stabilizing the first portion against any whipping motion. The solid bar stock is continued to be rotated past the cutting tool while at the same time a bead is profiled from the solid bar stock with the cutting tool.

Abstract: A ceramic cutting tool is disclosed in which the cutting tool consists essentially of a hot pressed composition of alumina and 6 to 30% by weight of aluminum nitride. This ceramic cutting tool is particularly advantageous for cutting ferrous materials, especially cast iron.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a master for projection screens, according to which a pattern of parallel rectilinear grooves (31) and ribs (31) is formed on one side of a plate of machinable material by a slotting operation performed by means of a profile chisel. The grooves (33) are formed in several different tooling steps with, several grooves being tooled simultaneously. The profile chisel is of multiple construction and is composed of three subchisels, i.e. a precutting chisel, a cutting chisel (13) and a finishing chisel.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a disk for a belt-driven continuously-variable-speed drive of the type which includes a metal belt disposed in engagement between mutually facing sheave surfaces which form a V-groove, including the steps of machining each sheave surface with a numerical control lathe to form therein a spiral groove that is centered about the center of the pulley and has a surface roughness within the range of 0.8-0.4 microns, and thereafter super finishing the sheave surfaces to produce residual stress therein.

Abstract: A lathe and a method of using the lathe are disclosed for forming an aspheric surface on a workpiece, in which the workpiece is mounted to a holder that is rotatably carried by the spindle, headstock and bed of a lathe, with that spindle and workpiece being rotated about the axis of the spindle with the workpiece being engaged by a forming tool which forming tool is moved through an arcuate path about an axis that is generally transverse to the spindle axis. The method and apparatus provide further for determining the time-varying angular position of the forming tool along the arcuate path, for determining the time-varying angular position of a point on the workpiece about the spindle axis and for reciprocating the workpiece holder and the workpiece held thereby relative to the lathe headstock and to the forming tool in synchronization with the movement of the forming tool and with the rotation of the workpiece about the spindle axis to form the desired contoured surface.

Abstract: In connection with machine tools it is frequently necessary to directly couple the motion sequence of a tool carrier and thus of the tool carried by the tool carrier, to the r.p.m. of a work piece, in order to perform certain motion sequences for each revolution of the work piece. In connection with machine tools in which the r.p.m. of the work piece depends on the work piece diameter, for example, in underfloor wheel set turning machines or turning machines, the r.p.m. is not known. Additionally, the unknown r.p.m. changes during the work piece machining. In order to achieve a synchronization in spite of the changing unknown r.p.m., the time necessary for performing one revolution of the work piece is measured and the time measurement is converted into a control signal for influencing the motion of the movable member such as the tool carrier in such a way that the motion of the tool carrier is influenced as a function of the measured time duration.