Abstract: The present invention provides an apparatus for examining a moving web composed of an interconnected plurality of articles to determine a location of a selected component thereof. The apparatus includes an indicating mechanism for providing marker data corresponding to the presence of a selected article. A metering mechanism generates gauge data corresponding to selected incremental lengths along the article in the movement direction of the web. A designating mechanism provides reference data corresponding to a selected reference point on the article, and a locating mechanism detects position data corresponding to a position of a selected component of the article. An evaluating mechanism processes the reference data, location data and gauge data to determine a spaced distance between the component and the reference point.

Abstract: An improved punch assembly (10) for a punch press comprises a main piston (13) driving a punching tool (11) and an auxiliary piston (17) which can be selectively enabled to cooperate with the main pisto1 (13) in a high force, slow speed mode or disabled to allow the main pisto1 (13) to operate alone in a low force high speed mode. The punch assembly (10) also comprises a pressure transducer (41) and position transducer (25) whose respective outputs are connected to a microprocessor controller for the punch assembly. Operation of the punch press is microprocessor controlled to reduce noise and punch cycle time. A stripper assembly (42-48) is also provided and operates in conjunction with the punching tool (11) under microprocessor control to facilitate tool stripping. The stripper assembly (42-48) can also be used for automatic measuring of work sheet thickness.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling the phasing of repeat length portions of a moving web to an operating machine along the web including method and apparatus for measuring instantaneous phasing error between web portions being operated on and the operating machine; method and apparatus for measuring repeat length error in web portions upstream of the operating station; method and apparatus for determining the total distance by which a web portion is out of phase with the operating machine before the web portion is operated on by the operating machine, method and apparatus for adjusting the movement of a web portion relative the movement of the operating machine during the last repeat length of web travel of the web portion before it is operated on by the operating machine; and method and apparatus for monitoring and correcting the phasing adjustment response.

Abstract: Apparatus for severing sections from a web by transverse severing cuts at locations related to printed marks on the web. The apparatus includes a rotary cutter and pair of feed rollers, a differential transmission by which the feed rollers are operatively connected to a common drive motor for driving the rotary cutter and the feed rolls. A servomotor is provided for imparting a correcting rotation to the transmission. A mark detector for detecting the printed marks, a sensor for detecting the position of the rotary cutter, and a controller for controlling the servomotor in dependence on the deviation of the spacing of the printed marks from the predetermined web section length are also provided. The servomotor is a stepping motor which receives stepping pulses in a number which represents the difference between the theoretical length of each web section and the actual distance between the printed marks.

Abstract: A stone saw comprises a revolving sawing rope, a backing roller supporting the revolving sawing rope at each end of a sawing portion on one side of the sawing rope axis against cutting pressure exerted upon the sawing rope, the cutting pressure causing radial wear on the backing rollers, a feed drive for feeding the sawing rope in a revolving direction over the backing rollers, and housings supporting the backing rollers and pivotally adjustable about the sawing rope axis in dependence on the revolving direction of the sawing rope, the backing rollers being mounted in the housings transversely adjustably to the axes thereof and to the sawing rope axis. A clearance sensor is associated with, and radially spaced from, the backing roller for detecting the clearance between the sensor and the backing roller, the distance varying with the radial wear of the backing roller, the clearance sensor emitting a control signal corresponding to the detected clearance.

Abstract: A method of generating a signal indicative of the passage of indicia on a moving web of material at a preselected reference station along the web without use of an indicia sensing device at the selected reference station comprising locating an indicia sensing device at a sensing station at a preselected distance of web travel upstream of the reference station; generating an indicia detection signal having sensing pulses coinciding with the passage of indicia at the sensing station; measuring the distance of web travel occurring after each sensing pulse in the indicia detection signal; generating an indicia reference signal having reference pulses coinciding with the passage of indicia at the selected reference station by providing a reference pulse corresponding to each sensing pulse and occurring thereafter at a point in time at which the measured distance of web travel after a corresponding sensing pulse is equal to the preselected distance of web travel between the sensing station and the preselected refer

Abstract: An automatic wrapping material change-over apparatus having a plurality of bobbins each with a wrapping material wound thereon and functioning to change-over from one bobbin from which the wrapping material is being drawn out, to another bobbin and cut simultaneously the wrapping material from the one bobbin and that from the another bobbin upon detection of a mark register between both wrapping materials, in which the thus-cut end of the wrapping material from the another bobbin follows the thus-cut end of the wrapping material from the one bobbin.

Abstract: A method of controlling a cutting machine to cut workpieces according to the machinability of the workpieces includes the steps of providing a plurality of predetermined constant voltage outputs, each constant voltage output corresponding to a predetermined cutting speed for the cutting machine, selecting one of a plurality of constant voltage outputs in response to a desired workpiece material to be cut by the machine, and driving the cutting tool at a predetermined cutting speed corresponding to the desired material to be cut in response to the selected constant voltage output.

Abstract: A slitting machine of the type having a pair of spaced, parallel arbors and at least one pair of mating rotary knives, each arbor carrying one mate of each pair of rotary knives, each rotary knife being positioned in a desired axial relationship with its mate on the other arbor, this desired relationship being maintained by manual or automatic control of the relative positions of the arbors by rotatably mounting at least one end of at least one arbor in a slideable sleeve which may be cam driven in both axial directions. Axial backlash is reduced by maintaining the arbors in compression with a spring loaded tailstock.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for automatically cutting piled or fleecy fabric sheets including thermoplastic fibers uses a heated cutting instrument to inhibit the generation of dust during the cutting process. The heated cutting instrument heats and melts at least some portion of at least some of the thermoplastic fibers which contact or near it, the melted material in turn capturing and holding to the sheets free cut fiber portions which might otherwise fall from the sheets to create dust. An induction coil or an electrical resistance heating material may be used to heat the cutting instrument, and a cooling means may also be used to aid in maintaining a desired cutting instrument temperature.

Abstract: Piles of sheets (S5) consisting of sheets of security papers (10), which comprise security paper imprints arranged in the form of a matrix, are cut automatically, with step-wise feed, first of all into layers of strips (18) and then into bundles of security papers (19). The lengths of the feed movements of the feed device (26), which moves the piles of sheets forwards step-wise when cutting strips, are controlled by a reading unit (28) provided on the strip-cutting unit (27), respectively on reading an edge mark, which was printed during printing of the sheets in the printing machine (20) by the printing plate on a side edge of the sheet cut off at a later time and orientated parallel to the feed direction of the pile of sheets, when cutting strips.

Abstract: A method for producing two continuous streams of cigarettes in which a continuous paper web is cut longitudinally to form two strips which are fed through a tobacco loading device and along respective guides for forming respective continuous rods and then to a transverse cutting device by respective conveyor belts, the drive rollers of which are driven by a single motor by way of a differential unit controlled by devices for sensing the positions which graphical signs reproduced on the paper strips have reached on each operation of the transverse cutting device.

Abstract: The slicing machine has a mounting table carrying the workpiece to be sliced by the cutting blade. The mounting table is supported on an elastically deformable measuring plate of which the deformation is measured by a measuring transducer in a position as near as possible to the plane of the cutting blade wherein the cutting force is acting. The measuring transducer has very high sensitivity in order to detect deformations in the order of fractions of a .mu.m and is thus able to properly detect the value of the cutting force. The measuring system is spaced from the cutting blade and workpiece and does not hinder manipulation and accurate fine adjustment of the workpiece. On the other hand the accuracy of the measurement does not depend on the manner in which the workpiece is mounted. Preferably deflection of the cutting blade from its plane under the influence of the cutting force is also detected and an optimum control and supervision of the cutting process may be effected based on both measurements.

Abstract: A method for feeding material sheet to a press comprises steps of transferring a material sheet on which print parts and the corresponding positioning marks are printed for a preset distance at least until the positioning mark comes into the field of view of a viewing device provided in a position related to the working position of the press, detecting misalignment between the centers of the positioning mark and a reference mark of the field of view in the X and Y axis directions by the viewing device, and positioning the print part at the press working position automatically and precisely by using the detected amount of the misalignment as a correction value for positioning.

Abstract: The specification discloses a vertical cutoff saw capable of maintaining relatively constant band loading. The saw includes a carriage, a frame supported on the carriage, and a saw band supported by the frame. The frame is horizontally shiftable with respect to the carriage, and a load sensor is mounted between the frame and carriage to sense the relative horizontal force between the frame and carriage to provide an indication of band loading. A variable speed drive transports the carriage responsive to the load sensor to maintain a desired band load.

Abstract: Apparatus for automatic coil feed of a sheet metal stock strip in progressive dies for punch press die operations which adjust the length of stock strip being intermittently fed to the punch press die while the press is operating. The apparatus comprises feed apparatus for feeding a predetermined length of stock strip to the punch press die which feed apparatus normally operates at a preset feed length. There is a control for maintaining the correct feed length of the stock strip being intermittently fed into the punch press die and includes a correction arrangement operable to mementarily change the preset feed length to supply a correcting length of stock strip to the punch press die. There are two longitudinal arrays of registration openings in the stock strip.

Abstract: A cutting machine has a plurality of switches, each switch corresponding to a predetermined cutting speed for each of one of the various groups of materials to be cut, the materials having different machinablility qualities. One of a plurality of constant voltage output means are connected with one of each of the plurality of switches for changing the speed of the cutting tool responsive to the constant voltage output means.

Abstract: Device for bringing into register a tool mounted on a rotary cylinder for processing products in sheet form, such as a tool for cutting out, creasing, or printing sheets of cardboard in a machine for making and printing corrugated cardboard boxes, comprising a coder (22) providing information representing the theoretical advance of the sheets (10, 11), a coder (23) providing information representing the angle of adjustment given to the tool holder (1), a detector (20) of the passage of a reference mark (15) on the sheet (11) to a point situated upstream of the tool holder, a detector (36) of the theoretical passage of this reference mark at a selected distance slightly downstream of the first detector (20), and a computer (33) supplying correction commands to the correction motor (8) of the tool holder in order that the tool will arrive in phase with the incident sheet (11).

Abstract: A lawnmower reel-to-bedknife adjustment system wherein the bedknife cutting edge can be automatically positioned relative to the circumference of the cutting reel. An extendable and retractable link is connected to the pivotal bedknife at a numerical advantage relative to the pivot axis and thereby provide for a fine adjustment of clearance between the reel and the bedknife upon extension and contraction of the link. The link can be extended by fluid pressure, or the like, and it can be retracted by spring pressure, and a yielding force is arranged to establish the clearance to a pre-set condition each time. Also, a manual threaded adjustment is provided along the adjustment link so that manual adjustment can be accomplished when desired.

Abstract: A hot wire cutting system for cutting a pattern shape in a block of polyfoam for use as a casting mold for a metal shielding block to be used in radiotherapy treatments is described. The system provides proportioned current responsive to deflection of the hot cutter wire in order to cancel the deflection and maintain the wire in its optimal central cutting position. The hot cutter-wire preferably passes through a field which provides fine vibratory motion of the cutting wire allowing use of lower wire temperatures to effect the cutting. The system may include optical means for determining the accuracy of the profile cut in the polyfoam block.

Abstract: A controller for cutting sheet material so that inferior or incomplete sheet material is eliminated is characterized by the provision of means for detecting a length of sheet passing through a rotary cutter which continuously cuts the sheet material, means for calculating a length of sheet moving until the sheet is cut after a shear is started, and means for controlling the start timing of the shear so that a cut portion of sheet cut first by the shear coincides with a cut portion of sheet cut by the rotary cutter.

Abstract: The frame of the band cutting machine comprises an arm cross consisting of four arms. Each arm supports a fabric feeding roller which is movable back and forth of the arm. The movement of the rollers is carried out by means of threaded spindles extending each through a threaded block supporting a feeding roller. The spindles are interconnected at the center of their arm cross such that a rotating of one spindle by means of e.g. a handwheel will lead to a rotating of the other spindles and accordingly a simultaneous shifting of the fabric feeding rollers along the arms. The location of the upper edge of the circular knitted fabric being cut is scanned by a photoelectric apparatus. The circular cutting knives are supported for a translatory adjusting movement in direction of their center axis. The raising and lowering of these cutting knives is controlled by the output signals of the photoelectric apparatus.

Abstract: In the production of wrappers or binders of different sizes from tobacco leaves, these leaves are at first divided into strip pieces that are transferred to a conveyor section and by means of a scanner are scanned to ascertain usable areas with preference from the largest to the smallest size. The strip pieces cut out of the same halves of tobacco leaves (right and left sides) are advanced on a further conveyor section consisting of separate, parallel belts, from which strip pieces of equally large, usable areas are collected in the same bobbin, in which they are oriented parallel to the axis of the bobbin and with their usable areas aligned in the longitudinal direction of the bobbin web. The cutting of nondefective final wrappers or binders is subsequently carried out in a separate operation and without further sorting. This provides for obtaining an optimum output from the tobacco leaves by using an apparatus of non-complicated design.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided which is particularly adapted for maximizing lateral stiffness of a rotating saw blade. Temperature sensors measure the temperature of a rotating plate or saw blade. A displacement probe measures the degree of lateral displacement of the rotating plate or blade. A heating means heats the rotating plate or blade, so as to control the lateral stiffness of it. The displacement means is preferably an electromagnet, while the heating means is preferably one or more induction heating coils.

Abstract: Piles of sheets (S5) consisting of sheets of security papers (10), are cut into layers of strips (18) and then into bundles of security papers (19). The lengths of the feed movements of the feed device (26), are controlled by a reading unit (29) provided on the strip-cutting unit (27). The reading unit reads an edge mark which was printed during printing of the sheets in the printing machine (20) by the printing plate on a side edge of the sheet. The side edge of the sheet is cut off at a later time and orientated parallel to the feed direction of the pile of sheets, when cutting strips. Edge marks read by the reading unit are provided on the printing plate and necessarily follow the expansion of the printing plate increasing in the course of operation, which in particular at the time of die-stamping, is considerable on account of the high contact pressure.

Abstract: In a method for determining, by means of an observing and recording measuring device the exact position of a movable member and/or for determining a corrective movement to be performed from a position of the member, a measuring device having a datum position is used. The method includes the steps of determining the position of the movable member and/or a required corrective movement thereof by moving the measuring device past the position of the movable member and determining a new position obtained through the corrective movement or, alternatively, re-determining the first mentioned position of the movable member by moving the measuring device a second time past the movable member in an opposite direction.

Abstract: A machine and method wherein a pusher advances a piece of meat to be sliced across the plane of a slicing blade against a backstop. The blade removes a slice from the piece. The difference between the slice weight and a preselected reference weight is used to adjust the separation of the backstop from the plane of the slicing member and hence the thickness of the next slice to be cut from the piece so as to tend to closely conform the weight of the next slice to the reference weight. Clamps hold the piece during slicing but release to allow the pusher to again advance the piece for production of the next slice. The pusher is actuable for ejecting a residual butt portion of the piece to enable loading of a new piece.

Abstract: Apparatus for severing a continuous web at preselected locations spaced lengthwise of the web which includes a first drive for advancing the web at substantially uniform velocity in the direction of its length through a predetermined fixed path. A circular mandrel is mounted for rotation adjacent to the web path and has a plurality of cutter blades at uniform angular intervals around the periphery thereof. A differential transmission couples the mandrel to the web drive and is controlled by a stepper motor to advance or retard angular velocity of the cutter mandrel as compared with linear velocity of the web. A pair of sensors are respectively responsive to motion of the web and rotation of the cutter blades toward the position of cutting engagement.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling the stroke of a press in which the movements of two portions of a movable platen of the press are continuously sensed during a stroke. A signal is generated whose magnitude at any time during a stroke is dependent on the sum of the distances moved by the two portions of the movable platen during the stroke. The signal is compared with a preselected value which is selected in accordance with the length of the stroke required and the stroke is terminated when the magnitude of the signal equals the preselected value.

Abstract: An automatic shear angle adjusting apparatus for a shearing machine comprising a first cylinder having a piston and piston rod unit mounted therein, the piston rod of the first cylinder being fixedly secured to the left end upper surface of an upper cutter, and a second cylinder having a piston and piston rod unit mounted therein, the piston rod of the second cylinder being fixedly secured to the right end upper surface of the upper cutter. A solenoid-operated valve is disposed in a conduit connecting a source of pressurized fluid with a rod end chamber of the first cylinder and a head end chamber of the second cylinder. A detector is arranged for detecting angular deflection of the upper cutter from a predetermined shear angle.

Abstract: A method of and apparatus for controlling apparatus for perforating strips of paper by disruptive spark discharges. The perforate strip passes between two chambers, each of which has an opening facing the strip. Waves transmitted by a transmitter disposed in one of the chambers pass through these openings. The other chamber contains two receivers. The waves which have passed through the perforations are incident on one of the receivers. The waves which have passed through the imperforate area of the paper are incident on the other receiver. The perforating apparatus is controlled in dependence on the difference between the actual and desired values of the difference between the output signals of the two receivers.

Abstract: Driving a dividing shear to a home position after cutting a workpiece is done without oscillations at the home position. Control uses shear position feedback signal to shape nonlinearly a variable shear velocity reference signal such that no overshoot occurs. Adaptive control procedure automatically adjusts variable shear velocity reference signal to compensate for dynamic changes in cutting operation.

Abstract: Stacks of superimposed paper sheets are formed from a succession of layers each of which contains a given number of groups of sheets. One or more layers which contain a first number of groups can be followed by one or more layers containing a different second number of groups so that a stack can contain layers which, in turn, contain different numbers of groups and hence different numbers of sheets. The number of sheets in each stack and in each layer is a whole multiple of the number of sheets in a group. If the average number of sheets in a series of successive stacks is to deviate from a whole multiple of the number of sheets in a group, successive stacks contain different numbers of sheets; each such number is a whole multiple of the number of sheets in a group but the total number of sheets in the series of stacks divided by the number of stacks which form the series can deviate from such whole multiple.

Abstract: A registration control circuit for a printed label cutoff machine controls both the location of the cut by performing a phase adjustment and the length of the individual labels by performing a base speed adjustment. A strip of labels have eyemarks printed thereon for defining the location at which the individual labels are to be cut. An optical scanner is positioned adjacent the labels and generates a scanner pulse upon detection of an eyemark. The control circuit includes a setup control for automatically running the machine into registration from an initial setup position. The setup control functions to generate a reference pulse a predetermined distance before the scanner is expected to see an eyemark. When the eyemark is detected within a designated window area the control utilizes the scanner pulse and the reference pulse to calculate the phase error for each label and generate a phase correction signal proportional to the actual phase error.

Abstract: Die cutter and process for die cutting blanks by a blade unit and an anvil opposed to each other are proposed in which either the blank feed speed or the horizontal component of speed of the blade and the anvil is controlled mechanically or electronically to make them equal to each other during the cutting operation.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for controlling the cutting feed of band saw machines for obtaining an optimum feed rate with the same safety against straying of the saw cut, according to which the saw band is maintained continuously within the area of its teeth under a residual tensile stress (.sigma..sub.Z.sbsb.Res) adjusted at least approximately to a constant value. For this purpose, a desired value is selected for the residual tensile stress, determined experimentally under practical conditions, which is correspondingly converted in case of load conditions of the saw blade deviating from the experiment, and this desired value is compared with the actual value. The actual value (.sigma..sub.Z.sbsb.Res) is derived as a difference from the tensile stress (Z) in the critical saw band point and the bending stress .sigma..sub.B caused by the feed, to be .sigma..sub.Z.sbsb.Res =.sigma.Z-.sigma.B>0.

Abstract: A registration control method for a printed label cutoff machine controls both the location of the cut by performing a phase adjustment and the length of the individual labels by performing a base speed adjustment. A strip of labels have eyemarks printed thereon for defining the location at which the individual labels are to be cut. An optical scanner is positioned adjacent the labels and generates a scanner pulse upon detection of an eyemark. A control circuit includes a setup control for automatically running the machine into registration from an initial setup position. The setup control functions to generate a reference pulse a predetermined distance before the scanner is expected to see an eyemark. When the eyemark is detected within a designated window area the control utilizes the scanner pulse and the reference pulse to calculate the phase error for each label and generate a phase correction signal proportional to the actual phase error.

Abstract: In die cutting the impression roll is maintained at constant peripheral velocity and the web, while engaged by the die, travels at the peripheral velocity of the impression roll. As the trailing edge of the die approaches the nip formed by the impression and complementary rolls, one or both of the feed rolls driven by the web is clutched into a cam mechanism for positive driving at a constant velocity equal to the die-induced velocity of the web. This constant velocity driving of the web jointly by the die and feed rolls continues until the die releases the web beyond the aligned centers of the treatment rolls when the web comes under exclusive control of the feed rolls.

Abstract: At a transition between first and second sets of index marks on a web, a target is applied adjacent the initial mark of the second set. The target is sensed and as a result the web is severed transversely at the transition between the sets of marks. A gap is formed in the web. A microcomputer synchronizes a cut-off machine with the second set of marks while the cut-off machine is in the gap whereby operator intervention is eliminated and scrap minimized.

Abstract: In order to deposit a web (13) onto a conveyer (2) of a table (1) with one edge aligned with a datum position, a carrier (9) is provided which is rotatable with respect to the table (1) and has an auxiliary conveyer (10). Rotation of the carrier (9) takes place in response to deviation of the actual position of the edge from the datum position, which is detected at the point of deposit of the web (13) onto the conveyer (2) by a suitable position detecting sensor (21). For rotating the carrier (9), a motor (20), whose direction of rotation and angle of rotation can be controlled, is used.The apparatus can be used, in particular, for depositing webs of fabric removed from bolts (4) onto a laying table for cutting purposes.

Abstract: A cutting head for a glass cutting machine includes a cylinder, a piston movable in the cylinder in one direction to a cutting plane under control of compressed air from a source communicated to the cylinder to act on an upper face and move the piston in opposition to a bias force, a rod attached to and movable with the piston and a cutting wheel carried at the end of the rod for cutting a glass sheet from a glass blank. A port is formed through the wall of the cylinder and means connected to the port responsive to a rapid rise in pressure function rapidly to isolate the cylinder from the source of compressed air and to vent the cylinder. During a cutting operation, the piston seals the port. If the cutting wheel should move beyond the extremes of the glass blank or for any reason move further in the one direction, following movement of the piston shall open the port and the cutting wheel will rapidly retract to and beyond the cutting plane without damage to the cutting wheel.

Abstract: A device is disclosed in which an edge-sensing means ("sensor") and a work-performing assembly are combined to perform work on a belt, strip or other work (hereafter "material"). It may be desired to slit the material, or simply position it with respect to a reference mark, but whichever the work-performing function to be discharged, it is required to do so with accuracy relative to one or both edges of the material. The sensor comprises a silicon solar cell ("cell") and a light source ("lamp") between which an edge of the material is sensed, and the deviation from a reference position measured. Depending upon the area of the cell exposed to light from the lamp due to the variable placement of an edge of the material as it traverses the cell, an electrical current is generated in the cell which current is directly proportional to the area of the cell upon which the light falls.

Abstract: A registration control circuit for a printed label cutoff machine controls both the location of the cut by performing a phase adjustment and the length of the individual labels by performing a base speed adjustment. A strip of labels have eyemarks printed thereon for defining the location at which the individual labels are to be cut. An optical scanner is positioned adjacent the labels and generates a scanner pulse upon detection of an eyemark. The control circuit includes a setup control for automatically running the machine into registration from an initial setup position. The setup control functions to generate a reference pulse a predetermined distance before the scanner is expected to see an eyemark. When the eyemark is detected within a designated window area the control utilizes the scanner pulse and the reference pulse to calculate the phase error for each label and generate a phase correction signal proportional to the actual phase error.

Abstract: A method for cutting limp sheet material with a rigid, cantilevered blade that is reciprocated as it advances along a cutting path through sheet material employs a load sensor to measure lateral loads applied to the blade by the sheet material during cutting. A load signal from the sensor is applied to the blade controls through a variable gain feedback circuit and causes the blade to be oriented slightly toward the side of the cutting path from which an unbalanced load is applied. The adjustment of the gain in the feedback network is made by means of speed sensors which measure the rate at which the cutting blade advances through the sheet material and adjust the feedback gain in inverse relationship.

Abstract: Driving a dividing shear to a home position after cutting a workpiece is done without oscillations at the home position. Control uses shear position feedback signal to shape nonlinearly a variable shear velocity reference signal such that no overshoot occurs. Adaptive control procedure automatically adjusts variable shear velocity reference signal to compensate for dynamic changes in cutting operation.

Abstract: An apparatus for continuously forming containers, filling the containers with material and packing the containers containing material includes a heating device for heating a bottom sheet of thermoplastic resin supplied intermittently thereto, a forming device for forming container portions from the heated bottom sheet while keeping the latter continuous, a filling device for filling said container portions with material, a sealing device for sealingly covering the container portions with a cover sheet bearing pitch marks corresponding to symbol marks printed thereon, a punching device for removing the sealed containers from the continuous bottom material sheet, and is characterized by that a mark reading device is disposed at a position separated from the sealing device by a distance equal to a distance between the forming device and the sealing device, that a device is associated with at least one of the sealing device and the punching device for forwardly or reversely moving at least one of the sealing devi

Abstract: A band sawing machine has an endless saw blade entrained over two saw pulleys and two blade guides. Lateral displacements of the saw blade to an equilibrium position, as occur during a sawing operation, are countered by a corrective tilt of a planar front face on one or both of the blade guides. The saw blade, by means of tensioning, is constantly pressed against the front face, or faces of the blade guides.

Abstract: A band sawing machine has an endless saw blade entrained over two saw pulleys and two blade guides. Lateral displacements of the saw blade from a preset position occurring during a sawing operation are measured by a position sensor. The position sensor controls an actuator which applies a corrective twist or lateral movement to at least one of the blade guides to return the blade to the present position.

Abstract: An apparatus for cutting limp sheet material with a rigid, cantilevered blade that is reciprocated as it advances along a cutting path through sheet material employs a load sensor to measure lateral loads applied to the blade by the sheet material during cutting. A load signal from the sensor is applied to the blade controls through a variable gain feedback circuit and causes the blade to be oriented slightly toward the side of the cutting path from which an unbalanced load is applied. The adjustment of the gain in the feedback network is made by means of speed sensors which measure the rate at which the cutting blade advances through the sheet material and adjust the feedback gain in inverse relationship.

Abstract: An arrangement for detecting abnormal concentration of electrical discharges between a travelling wire electrode and a workpiece in a travelling wire EDM apparatus. The abnormal electrical discharge detector of the invention comprises a circuit measuring the voltage across a pair of contacts supplying machining current to the electrode wire. The length of the electrode wire between the two contacts forms a pair of variable resistors connected in a branch of a Wheatstone bridge circuit. The voltage measuring circuit, connected across a diagonal of the bridge, in turn controls some of the machining parameters such as to prevent damages, as for example rupture of the wire electrode, when an abnormal concentration of electrical discharges is detected at a given point of the machining zone between the wire electrode and the workpiece.