Abstract: A band saw machine includes a base having a cutting fluid reservoir, a saw blade housing movable in an up-down direction, a pair of saw blade wheels around which a band saw blade are wound, a downstream main vise having a pair of downstream main vise jaws for clamping a product correspondent portion of the workpiece, a discharge table for discharging a product to an outside of the cutting fluid reservoir, and a product feed mechanism that feed the product cut out from the workpiece to a side on an upstream end of the discharge table. A working-side running area of the band saw blade and a working-opposite-side running area of the band saw blade are positioned within the cutting fluid reservoir, and the upstream end of the discharge table is positioned on a downstream side from a wheel center line connecting centers of the pair of saw blade wheels.

Abstract: A bandsaw assembly for cutting large diameter workpieces such as turbine rotors, heat exchangers or shafts at a plant or factory and a method of using the same is disclosed. The assembly includes a frame; ground-engaging wheels or a track provided on the frame; a plurality of spaced apart towers extending vertically upwardly from the frame; a rotatable drive wheel mounted on each tower, said drive wheel being horizontally oriented and presenting a vertically oriented circumferential surface; a motor operatively engaged with one or more of the drive wheels; and a bandsaw blade passing around the wheels and being in contact with the circumferential surfaces thereof; said blade being selectively driven by the drive wheels. The towers are variable in length to raise or lower the blade. The assembly is reduced in width for transportation or storage and increased in width for operation.

Abstract: A log adjustment system for a portable saw mill having a saw head and a bed includes a pair of substantially parallel elongate supports, at least two transverse members, and an adjustable toe board. The first transverse member extends between the elongate supports. The second transverse member extends parallel to the first transverse member. The adjustable toe board extends in a gap defined between the first transverse member and the second transverse member. The adjustable tool is configured to be supported at a plurality of heights adjacent to the first and second transverse members.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a horizontal band saw machine capable of efficiently severing H-beams without a trouble of saw blade's pinching in the kerf. In the horizontal band saw machine, a saw blade (21) can sever one of flanges 20a that has been cut first in an H-beam (20), completely from top to bottom, prior to approaching the center of a web 20b and its vicinity.

Abstract: A machine for cutting structural members is described. The machine has an endless travelling wire and a frame arranged around a structural member to be cut. The travelling wire and frame have longitudinal track with carriages with at least one pulley carrying at least one cutting segment. The longitudinal tracks are adapted to be engaged via motion means in arcuate guide slots.

Abstract: A power tool system includes at least one power tool which has at least one tool support unit for supporting a tool during machining, and at least one power tool separation device which extends through the tool support unit in at least one operational state. The disclosed power tool separation device comprises at least one cutting unit and at least one guide unit for guiding the cutting unit.

Abstract: The portable sawmill is constructed on a frame having a series of mechanisms for loading and manipulating a log thereon and removing boards cut from the log. Powered tines load a log onto a vertically adjustable log deck, the deck including powered mechanisms for turning and securing the log in the desired orientation for cutting. Cuts are made by a horizontally traveling band saw. The saw has no vertical adjustment. Board thickness is determined by the height of the vertically adjustable log deck. Cut boards are removed by a board sweep that pushes the board laterally from the top of the log onto a tray. The saw travels along the tray to push the board longitudinally onto a suitable platform for transport. All of the above mechanisms are controlled hydraulically from a single operator station on the mill, thus freeing the operator from many manual tasks and increasing production.

Abstract: A method for constructing a base for holding a moving sawhead along a linear path using a ladder with a carriage base attached thereto is disclosed. A vertical slide is attached to the carriage base and also attached to the powered sawhead so that the blade is capable of cutting in a generally horizontal plane.

Abstract: A friction winch and braking system for a sawmill having a cutting mechanism for sawing lumber. The friction winch and braking system allows for easy, one-handed raising and lowering of the sawmill head within the sawmill carriage and the automatic braking of the sawhead at the vertical plane chosen by the operator.

Abstract: A machine for cutting structural members such as legs, beams, I-beams or the like for supporting structures made of steel, concrete, steel and concrete, stone-like materials is described

Abstract: An apparatus for separating a laminated substrate assembly comprises at least a substantially planar assembly, a cutting member housing assembly positioned on a first side of the substantially planar assembly, a cutting member receiving assembly positioned on a second side of the substantially planar assembly, substantially opposite from the first side of the planar assembly suitable for receiving an amount of the elongated cutting member. At least one of the cutting member housing assembly or the cutting member receiving assembly is configured to provide an amount of tension to the elongated cutting member as the elongated cutting member is released by the cutting member housing assembly or received by the cutting member receiving assembly, and the elongated cutting member is configured to remove an amount of adhesive from an adhesive layer of the laminated substrate assembly.

Abstract: The chainsaw apparatus of the present invention, comprising in part, a combination saw attachment and positioning assembly which in concert with a transverse guide rail assembly and a vertical level control assembly allows using a chain saw to alternatively make a cut or a series of cuts in either a vertical or horizontal plane, with said saw blade oriented in a longitudinal cutting direction, in a sawmill device; providing thus for making a cant without turning the log and for making dimensionally accurate cuts of lumber from a log or similar wood based substrate with a minimal number of cutting passes; a blade orientation fine tuning assembly allows of refining a true vertical or horizontal planar attitude of the blade. Two speed mechanical assist gantry travel and a double acting remote chain saw safety switch and throttle trigger control is also provided.

Abstract: A lightweight, portable, and relatively small cutting tool is described. The tool engages with a standard press tool and is used for cutting brittle pipe such as cast iron soil pipe. The tool features a cutting chain assembly that is tensioned about the pipe by a movable ram block. The ram block is displaced by a ram or hydraulic cylinder in the press tool.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a remotely operated cutting apparatus for cutting trees into logs. The cutting apparatus comprises a lift assembly, a chain saw assembly comprising a platform that is pivotally mounted to the lift assembly, and at least one force absorbing device fixedly attached to both the lift assembly and to the chain saw assembly.

Abstract: A saw for cutting a cant by sensing the curvature of the cant and raising or lowering the saw blade in order to follow the curvature when cutting the cant.

Abstract: A saw mill has a head having at least one saw. The head is configured to travel on a track longitudinally to make alternating cuts between laterally spaced apart first and second work pieces. After traveling forward longitudinally to make a first cut of the first work piece at least one of the heads in the saw move laterally to then cut the second work piece on the return longitudinal trip.

Abstract: An active measurement and control system for a material cutting apparatus. The apparatus comprises a cutting tool which may be pivoted for cutting a workpiece in a cutting area at a selectable angle. The cutting area defines a datum plane, and a feed table with a shuttle vise is used to move the workpiece toward the cutting area. A controller controls the feed distance of the shuttle vise and the cutting angle of the tool in response to a signal from a sensor used for sensing a transverse dimension of the workpiece relative to the datum plane. In this way, the feed distance and cutting angle are adjusted to compensate for variations in the transverse dimension. This transverse dimension can include a displacement from the datum plane of a distal and/or proximate surface of the workpiece. A method of cutting a workpiece is also disclosed.

Abstract: A woodworking machine includes an adjustable table for holding a workpiece thereon and a drive chain saw spaced from the table and having cutting teeth on one edge and drive engaging chain guides adjacent an opposite edge. The drive engaging chain guides engage a drive wheel driven by a motor. A support plate is positioned above the table and has a plurality of slots therein for adjustably mounting a plurality of roller guide elements positioned to engage both sides of the drive chain saw. Each of the roller guide elements includes at least one groove in an outer periphery thereof and the drive chain saw includes circular chain guides which mate with the groove. Threaded pins are provided for adjusting the position of each of the roller guide elements to engage the drive chain saw whereby a portion of the drive chain saw is formed into an undulating shape to cut curved surfaces in the workpiece when the drive chain saw and the workpiece come into contact.

Abstract: A band saw with a complex coordination of a tilting motion and a translational motion between the workpiece and the band saw blade, so that a curved cut is made in the workpiece. The geometric parameters of the cut can be continuously adjusted. This makes it possible to optimize a contact length of the saw blade in the workpiece, which is an important factor in the cutting process. It is thus possible to saw workpieces made of stone and similar materials that are typically difficult to cut. The cut and the contact length of the saw blade can be tailored individually to each workpiece to be sawed. Thus, workpieces of different geometrical dimensions and different material properties, in particular with different material hardnesses, can be processed using the band saw according to the invention without having to undertake significant changes.

Abstract: An apparatus for cutting green ceramic bodies, includes a traveling path for green ceramic bodies, beds for supporting green ceramic bodies at constant intervals in series along the traveling path, an arm on each side of the traveling path, two drive portions for moving respective arms perpendicularly relative to the traveling path, a drive portion for moving both arms in the same direction as the traveling path, a wire for cutting green ceramic bodies, extending between the arms, and wire supporting portions, on respective arms. Each wire supporting portion includes a servo motor with an axis of rotation, a magnet member around the axis of rotation, a bobbin having a conical surface around which wire is wound, and magnetically coupled to the axis of rotation by the magnet member, and a traversing mechanism for varying the position where the wire is wound around the length of the conical surface.

Abstract: A saw mill includes a base frame having a front and a rear and being sized and configured to support a log; saw apparatus having a cutting blade and being connected with the base frame for horizontal movement in a cutting stroke from a start position near the front of the base frame to an end position near the rear of the base frame and in a return stroke back to the front of the base frame and being for cutting in a generally horizontal plane a board from the log; power apparatus for powering the saw apparatus; at least one pushback arm connected to the saw apparatus and being sized and configured to engage and eject the board from atop the log during the return stroke; and, a board guide apparatus extending generally forwardly from the saw apparatus and including a crossbar and plurality of fingers connected with the crossbar and positioned to engage and guide the board in a desired path as it is being ejected from the log, each finger including an upper link connected to the crossbar and a lower link hinge

Abstract: The invention relates to a transformer unit, particularly for sawing, wherein the transformer unit (M) comprises a first machine element (1), particularly a shaft, performing a continuous rotational movement during the use of the transformer unit, and a second machine element (2) performing a limited alternating rotational motion on a part of the transformer unit, particularly a wing torsion device driven by pressurized medium. The transforming unit (M) is arranged to be coupled to an arrangement to supply driving energy for the transformer unit (M), such as a hydraulic pump unit. The first and second machine element (1, 2) of the transformer unit are preferably coupled to a device performing the same work.

Abstract: An apparatus for cutting green ceramic bodies, includes a traveling path for green ceramic bodies, beds for supporting green ceramic bodies at constant intervals in series along the traveling path, an arm on each side of the traveling path, two drive portions for moving respective arms perpendicularly relative to the traveling path, a drive portion for moving both arms in the same direction as the traveling path, a wire for cutting green ceramic bodies, extending between the arms, and wire supporting portions, on respective arms. Each wire supporting portion includes a servo motor with an axis of rotation, a magnet member around the axis of rotation, a bobbin having a conical surface around which wire is wound, and magnetically coupled to the axis of rotation by the magnet member, and a traversing mechanism for varying the position where the wire is wound around the length of the conical surface.

Abstract: The invention relates to a device for the advance of a belt-saw blade by a setting width of a setting machine. In order to prevent damage on the tooth face and the cutter of belt-saw blades, the advance is effected by a roller drive, wherein the belt-saw blade is arranged with a friction fit between a roller and a counter roller and the roller drive comprises a path measurement device.

Abstract: A portable bank saw sawmill which includes a specially designed tubular frame with four rigid tubular posts attaching the overhead track system to the lower deck frame. Logs are placed and secured on the lower frame, the bandsaw assembly moves longitudinally of the frame by use of the overhead track, to make successive cuts with the saw. A hydraulic motor driving a sprocket and chain turns threaded rods to raise and lower the cutting assembly from the overhead track.

Abstract: A vertical band saw machine in which a carriage assembly is mounted for pivoting on a base by rotational pivot points. Pivoting of the carriage assembly enables the band saw machine to make miter cuts to a workpiece. The head frame of the band saw machine travels on a guide on the carriage assembly and moves only in the direction of the plane of cut. A vise assembly is preferably attached to the carriage assembly and pivots with the carriage assembly for keeping the vise assembly close to the line of cut at all times, regardless of carriage assembly orientation. A driving wheel and driven wheel are attached to the head frame and may be tilted with respect to the head frame.

Abstract: A drive mechanism for a chain saw has a minimal vertical height. The drive mechanism is particularly useful for timber harvesting vehicles, and includes a drive motor, a holder with a clamping mechanism for clamping a chain saw guide bar, a bearing assembly allowing the holder to rotate in relation to the motor and a swivel device to convey liquid from the motor to the guide bar through closed channels and grooves. The bearing assembly and the swivel device have openings having sufficiently large inner diameters such that the bearing assembly and the swivel device fit around the motor, thereby avoiding the need for mounting those elements on top of one another.

Abstract: The invention relates to a portable sawmill, in which the functions of adjusting a cut, and of making a cut, are divided between two separate devices, instead of combined in one device. The sawmill utilizes a chainsaw that is clamped to a carriage which is movably attached to an alignable monorail track. Attached to the track is a system of sprockets and a chain operated by a crank which moves the carriage back and forth on the track. Attached to the carriage is a throttle actuator that, in conjunction with the chain, operates the throttle of the chainsaw, so that the motor of the chainsaw is at full power when cutting, but returns to idle when not cutting. With the addition of a spacer to give clearance for the wheels of the carriage, the foregoing device can be attached to any suitable support, and then a log can be placed and held in position, and lumber cut from it. A suitable support can be the frame specifically designed for the invention, or the edge of a flat platform, such as a loading dock.

Abstract: A stack of folded and glued corrugated paperboard boxes is slit in unison with a thin cutting blade having a linear cutting edge disposed parallel to the plane of the boxes and moved through the stack in an angular direction to slit essentially one box at a time. The stack is squared before slitting to align the box edges, however, the force of the blade on the stack as it moves therethrough holds the receding stack together such that the cut halves of each box may part laterally as the blade passes therethrough to avoid any crushing of the corrugated paperboard media.

Abstract: A band saw machine utilizes a column assembly in which the column is integrally formed from steel plate. The blade-carrying pulleys are mounted on one side of the column, which is mounted to pivot about a selected axis. A double-acting saw employs two confronting column assemblies.

Abstract: To permit miter cuts clear through a workpiece, or for selected depths, a saw band carrier (6) supports a pair of saw band wheels (7, 8) above and below a workpiece support (2), and the saw band wheel carrier (6) is pivotable about a substantially vertical axis of rotation (29). The axis of rotation (29) is preferably located at the initial cutting engagement point of an endless saw band (9) looped about the saw band wheels (7, 8), and the pivoting position can be arrested at any desired pivoted or angular position. In addition, the saw band carrier can be arranged to tilt about an essentially horizontal tilt axis.

Abstract: A cutting apparatus comprises an endless chain body comprising a plurality of plate-like flaps connected to each other for angular movement in a common plane. Each flap has an end face on an inner peripheral side of the chain body, and at least a part of the flaps having a cutting device at the end face. The apparatus further comprises a plurality of sprockets supporting the chain body in tension, and defining a common plane of cut effected by the combination of the chain body and the sprockets. The chain body is supported by a rigid backplate, of thickness not greater than the thickness of the flaps. It provides a firm support to the rotating chain body to permit sliding movement of the chain body within the common plane of cut.

Abstract: A vertical mitering band saw machine utilizes a column integraly formed from steel plate, mounted upon a carriage that is supported by a system of rails and wheels. A unique vise system is provided, as are assemblies for mounting of a blade-carrying pulley so as to permit ready adjustment of blade tension as well as of caster and camber of the pulley.

Abstract: A contour cutting machine comprising a narrow band blade knife driven to oscillate in vertical or Z-direction, a cutting unit carrier having guides and driving means for guiding and driving first and second tool-carrying carriages horizontally in the direction of an Y-axis, and a table with divided plate for supporting and moving the workpiece horizontally in the direction of a X-axis, the table comprises first and second sliders for clamping the workpiece therebetween and moving same in the course of a cutting operation. The blade knife is rotatable about its longitudinal axis between the first and second tool carriages, to face in different directions of cut as required, and passes through a slot in the divided table plate. A hold-down means in the form of a sliding shoe may be provided to bear against the workpiece to prevent it from lifting away from the table plate.

Abstract: A nesting vise for holding bundles of stock comprising a base with a fixed jaw and a movable jaw mounted thereon, both jaws having faces with apertures therein. A strap is provided which extends between the two jaws through the apertures. A lock is provided to hold the strap on one end, and a strap tightener is attached to the other end of the strap which tightens and holds the bundle of stock, resulting in even radial pull towards the center of the vise so as to locate all of the pieces of stock in the bundle and locking them together.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for preparing skived belting ends for joining by means of fasteners, and like products. A guide block is temporarily fastened across the width of the belting, serving as a guide for a chain saw tool. A first side edge portion of the tool slidably engages the guide block while permitting the cutting plane to be transverse to the direction of said width and intersecting with the belting surface to skive it. Thereafter, a second side edge portion of the tool slidably engages the guide block while permitting the cutting plane to be parallel to the direction of said width and intersecting with the belting to cut off an end thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a band saw machine having the capability to produce finished piece parts by employing a rotatable collet and an index vise to rotate and longitudinally position the piece part, a band saw blade positioned in a blade twist assembly capable of making straight, angular, and arcuate cuts on the work piece, and a motor means to move the saw blade perpendicular to the work piece, all under the direction of a pre-programmed computer control.

Abstract: A continuously moving lathe knife is provided which can be retrofit to an existing lathe carriage. The knife assembly includes a chain bar secured to the knife carriage with a pair of sprockets at either end of the chain bar. An endless loop chain extends around the sprockets. A power source rotates one of the sprockets so as to rotate the chain around the sprockets. The movement of the chain is guided by a channel in the chain bar. Each link of the chain includes a knife tip for cutting a layer of veneer from a wooden log which is rotated about its longitudinal axis as the chain is rotated in a plane parallel to the log surface.

Abstract: A band saw, especially intended for sawing logs with the grain or dividing wood blocks, comprising upper and lower band pulleys (6,4) which can be adjusted relative to one another. Extending around the pulleys is an endless, band-like saw blade (11) which is driven by one (4) of the bandpulleys. The lower band pulley (4) is journalled in a frame structure (3) which can be moved along two mutually parallel guides (13,14) extending at right angles to the feed direction of the material to be sawn. The frame structure carries a post (5) which in turn carries at the top thereof the other band pulley (6). In accordance with the invention the one guide (14) is located substantially vertically above the other guide (13), suitably so that the two guides (13,14) are located in a common vertical plane which passes vertically through the post (5).

Abstract: A chain saw attachment for mounting a chain saw used to cut reclined logs lengthwise includes a substantially right parallelepiped frame which straddles but does not contact the log. The frame is supported by a supporting surface independent of the log and cooperates with mounting means for rigidly mounting the chain saw in a cutting position. The frame is mounted on feet which permit the frame to be slid along the supporting surface, typically the ground. The mounting means includes two sets of clamping members for gripping opposite ends of a saw bar of the chain saw. Each set is supported by a vertical chain saw support member that is vertically adjustable to vary the level of the chain saw's cutting plane relative to the log. Each chain saw support member mounts a nut that is engaged by a threaded rod, rotation of which causes the chain saw support member and hence gripped chain saw to move vertically. Both threaded rods mount respective sprockets which are interconnected by a drive chain.

Abstract: The specification discloses a vertical cutoff saw capable of maintaining relatively constant band loading. The saw includes a carriage, a frame supported on the carriage, and a saw band supported by the frame. The frame is horizontally shiftable with respect to the carriage, and a load sensor is mounted between the frame and carriage to sense the relative horizontal force between the frame and carriage to provide an indication of band loading. A variable speed drive transports the carriage responsive to the load sensor to maintain a desired band load.

Abstract: An improved height adjustable log support is provided for use in a portable sawmill having a horizontally extending blade run and a means for mounting the blade for longitudinal movement along and above the log. The log support includes a log receiving platform supported for vertical movement, lifting means and a cable connecting the platform to the lifting means. The lifting means includes a bar mounted for rotational movement, a bar driving means, such as a crank arm, and a ratchet and pawl for indexing incremental steps of rotational movement of the bar. The log bearing platform is raised incrementally as the cable connected therewith is wound onto the incrementally rotated bar.

Abstract: A portable saw mill apparatus includes a frame carrying supporting wheels, outriggers and a trailer hitch. A horizontal, unitized tubular track is secured to the frame and a carriage is moveable along said track. Mounted on the carriage is a horizontal, cantilevered band saw which is moveable vertically. Logs are received on support members secured to the frame, and the band saw is moved longitudinally of the frame to make successive cuts of the saw. Lowering of the band saw between successive passes provides for spacing of the cuts of the log. A single lever control enables the operator to positively engage or brake the band saw, and also to control the engine throttle.

Abstract: Method and apparatus for operating a band saw blade which is disposed in a continuous loop about a pair of spaced wheels in a band saw housing. One of the wheels is driven to impart longitudinal cutting movement to the blade. The blade is alternately tilted from a first to a second extreme cutting angle relative to the work. The tilting movement of the blade has a predetermined cycle so that for a major portion of each cycle, the blade dwells at its extreme angles of tilt relative to the work. One apparatus for carrying out this method is an eccentric drive which oscillates the entire housing of the band saw in the predetermined cycle. Another apparatus is a mechanism which alternately deflects the cutting span of the blade to change its angular orientation relative to the work piece in the predetermined cycle.

Abstract: A portable sawmill is provided in which a rigid straight channel support is placed on a floor or on the ground with one end slightly elevated. A pair of longitudinally spaced log supports are mounted in the channel piece at a distance corresponding to the length of a log to be placed thereon. A carriage with rollers is mounted to ride along the upturned edges of the channel piece and is adapted to roll by gravity from the elevated end of the channel piece to the lower end. The carriage includes a bandsaw driven by a low horse power motor and is equipped with a release mechanism for automatically disengaging the drive between the motor and the saw at the end of a cutting stroke. A jacking mechanism and adjustable shelves on the log supports are included for raising the log to a new height after each cut.

Abstract: This mill comprises two parallel guide rails which are releasably attached to the upper ends of two spaced, vertically disposed end frames, the lower ends of which are releasably attached to two parallel, elongate skid members, which can be dragged along the surface of the ground to move the mill from one site to another. Two pointed log pins are carried by vertically adjustable blocks on the two end frames, with the pointed ends of the pins facing toward each other to be engageable in opposite ends of a log for supporting a log above the ground, and beneath the two guide rails. A chain saw carriage, which is slidable on the guide rails, supports a chain saw beneath the rails to have its cutting chain travel in a generally horizontal plane, and in position to cut elongate strips from a log when the carriage is moved manually from one end of the guide rails to the other. A device is also provided for adjusting the chain saw vertically on the carriage.

Abstract: A severing machine including a feed device for cutting tool arranged to advance continuously to effect cutting of a workpiece, a machine stand with a workpiece supporting table and clamping jaws, and a machine head containing the tool movable relative to the table during cutting.

Abstract: Apparatus for the precision cutting of lumber from logs by an attached chain saw, the apparatus comprising a frame, a rectilinear guide member mounted upon the frame, and a carriage mounted for longitudinal movement along the guide member. The carriage carries a chain saw adjustment control assembly which may be laterally set to precision cut slabs of a predetermined thickness from a log; which may be vertically set for cutting through logs of varying thickness; and which may be angulary set for greater cutting efficiency of the log. Log jacks and log dogs attached to the frame to prevent movement of the log relative to the frame may also be provided. The carriage may further be provided with a winch for pulling the cutting bar of the chain saw through the log.

Abstract: A bandsaw mill comprises two vertical bandwheels for receiving and guiding a bandsaw. The bandwheels are mounted on a frame for rotation about horizontally spaced-apart axes. A bridge suspends the frame above the position of a log with the axes of the bandwheels being generally parallel to the longitudinal axis of the log. The log is between the bandwheels. The bandsaw mill includes a mechanism for raising and lowering the frame, a mechanism for moving the bridge longitudinally along the position of the log and clamps for securing the log in a generally horizontal position. A method of sawing the log comprises moving the log into a generally horizontal position, securing the log in the position and moving the horizontally oriented bandsaw in a longitudinal direction along the log to make horizontal cuts along the log.

Abstract: Apparatus for in-forest cutting of lumber from felled logs is provided. The apparatus comprises a frame mounting a pair of wheels around which is trained a band saw blade. A chain saw engine is releasably connected to the frame and is coupled to one of the wheels for driving the saw blade. A carriage is mounted to the frame and is adapted to extend lengthwise of the log to enable the frame to be advanced along the log as the saw blade cuts. The carriage has a series of resilient rollers which cooperate with blade guide and stabilizer assemblies to provide a straight cut. Handles are provided at opposite ends of the frame to enable workmen to mount and to dismount the apparatus and to advance the same along the log.