Abstract: A cutting tooth system for a disk of a disk-saw felling head. The disk defines a receiving portion and an axis of rotation. The cutting tooth system comprises at least one cutting tooth. The cutting tooth comprises a first portion defining a first protrusion and a second protrusion. The first portion is configured to be received in the receiving portion for rotation with the disk. A second portion defines a chip removal path and a cutting edge adjacent the chip removal path. A first retaining device is configured to couple to the disk to secure the first protrusion in the receiving portion. A second retaining device is configured to couple to the disk to secure the second protrusion in the receiving portion.

Abstract: A tool unit for a cutting or sawing machine with a tool carrier, including a first tool and a second tool. The first and second tool include a disk shaped cutting blade and a blade driving member. The first tool is secured to the second tool by means of a central clamping unit. Each blade driving member has a an aperture for attaching the first and second blade driving member together using the central clamping unit. The at least one disk shaped cutting blade has an at least partly recessed portion, adjacent to the aperture. The recessed portion is provided for attaching the disk shaped cutting blade to the corresponding blade driving member by holding the recessed portion axially between a main part and a blade supporting part of the corresponding blade driving member, ensuring an essentially flat outer extension plane of each tool.

Abstract: Embodiments provide various saw chain links which may be combined to form a utility saw chain. In various other embodiments, cutting system fixtures are disclosed which may facilitate the cutting of pipes and other materials from an axis point.

Abstract: A tool, in particular a plunge-cut saw blade, includes a saw blade that has at least one main body and at least one working part. The working part has at least one working edge with saw teeth and is connected integrally to the main body along a straight connecting edge. The working edge includes a curved and/or polygon-like formation thereon.

Abstract: A band saw blade has a plurality of teeth defining a pitch pattern and first and second set patterns within each pitch pattern. The first set pattern includes a plurality of offset teeth that are each offset at approximately the same set magnitude as every other set tooth within the first set pattern. The second set pattern includes a plurality of first offset teeth that are each offset at approximately a first set magnitude, and a plurality of second set teeth that are each offset at approximately a second set magnitude that is greater than the first set magnitude.

Abstract: A saw blade (1) includes a base body (2) and a plurality of teeth (10) being connected to the base body (2), the teeth (10) including a cutting portion (6) and a chip producing surface (7). At least a part of the teeth (10) are arranged in a group of teeth being repeatedly arranged along the base body (2). The group of teeth (10) includes at least three unset teeth (10) having different widths. The broadest tooth (10) in the group of teeth (10) does not include a chip deforming element being located next to the chip forming surface (7) in a direction facing away from the cutting portion (6). At least one other tooth (10) in the group of teeth (10) includes a chip deforming element (8) being located next to the chip forming surface (7) in a direction facing away from the cutting portion (6).

Abstract: Embodiments provide various saw chain links which may be combined to form a utility saw chain. In various other embodiments, cutting system fixtures are disclosed which may facilitate the cutting of pipes and other materials from an axis point.

Abstract: A rotary cutting machine is described and includes a circular rotatable element, a plurality of tooth holders disposed on the circular rotatable element at spaced apart locations about its periphery, and at least one reversible cutting tooth removably fastened to each tooth holder such that at least one cutting edge is disposed in a operable cutting position. Each cutting tooth includes opposed first and second cutting faces spaced apart along a central tooth axis extending therebetween. Each of the first and second cutting faces at least partially defines at least four of the cutting edges. The cutting tooth is reversible by 180 degrees about a transverse tooth axis such that it is mountable on the tooth holder in at least eight different positions, each of the positions providing a different selected one of the cutting edges in the operable cutting position.

Abstract: A cutting tooth assembly for a rotary cutting machine is described. The assembly includes a tooth holder adapted for mounting about the periphery of a rotating element of the rotary cutting machine, and a reversible cutting tooth, removably mounted to said tooth holder. The cutting tooth has opposed first and second cutting faces which are spaced apart along a central tooth axis extending therebetween. Each of the first and second cutting faces at least partially defines more than two cutting edges, and the cutting tooth is reversible by 180 degrees about a transverse tooth axis to dispose a selected one of the first and second cutting faces in an operable cutting position when mounted to the tooth holder.

Abstract: A carbide or cermet tip for an industrial circular saw blade is provided with improved geometric features that provide enhanced performance and longer life for the saw blade. The features include a bottom mounting surface opposite a flank relief surface, a back mounting surface opposite a leading face surface, each surface bounded by a first side surface and a second side surface; and a chip splitting groove formed on a flank relief of the tip. The ratio of the width of the chip splitting groove to the width of the tip, the width of the chip splitting groove, and the ratio of the depth of the chip splitting groove to the width of the tip are optimized. The tip is adapted to prevent contact of the chip with a gullet area of the circular steel saw body.

Abstract: A bimetal saw band which is suitable for cutting materials of high hardness and wear resistance at high cutting speeds and with a reduced consumption of coolant is disclosed. The saw band includes a support band with from 0.20 to 0.45% of carbon, from 0.2 to 0.6% of silicon, from 0.5 to 1.8% of manganese, from 0.1 to 3.5% of molybdenum, from 1.0 to 5.0% of chromium, from 0.5 to 1.5% of nickel, from 0.1 to 1.0% of copper, from 0.1 to 2.0% of tungsten, from 0.1 to 0.5% of vanadium, from 0.01 to 0.30% of niobium and/or tantalum and less than 0.2% of cobalt, and the remainder iron including melting-related impurities, with the tungsten, vanadium and niobium/tantalum contents matched to one another. The saw includes hardmetal tips including at least 75% of tungsten carbide and 5 to 15% of cobalt, as well as grain stabilizers with a grain size of less than 5 ?m.

Abstract: A circular saw blade includes a generally circular blade portion and a plurality of spaced apart teeth attached to the circular blade portion. Each tooth extends outwardly and upwardly from the circular blade portion. Each tooth has a leading edge and a dimple formed therein proximate to a leading edge. Each tooth has a positive rake. Preferably the positive rake is in a range of between about 20 and about 45 degrees.

Abstract: A saw blade with teeth has a tooth point with a tooth edge (E1, E2). A tooth face is on the front side of the tooth and a tooth back is behind the tooth edge. A tooth gullet (G1, G2) is defined as the space between the tooth edges of two adjacent teeth. The tooth edge (E1, E2) extends between a right hand tooth corner (A1, A2) and a left-hand tooth corner (B1, B2). A first tooth gullet, disposed between the tooth edge (E1) of a first tooth (T1) and the tooth edge (E2) of the next tooth (T2) is beveled. A sloping surface (S1) extends from the first tooth edge (E1) in the rear end of the first tooth gullet downwardly along the tooth face and to at least the tooth bottom.

Abstract: A stump cutter includes a rotary drum, holders mounted on the drum, and cutting bits mounted in respective bores of each holder for rotation relative thereto. Each cutting bit includes a shank having a pocket formed in a front end thereof in which the cutting tip is brazed, wherein an outer lip of the shank tightly grips an outer side surface of the cutting tip with a thermal shrink fit. The cutting tip includes a circular cutting edge formed by the intersection between portions of the front surface and side surface of the cutting tip, which surface portions intersect at a ninety degree angle. The front surface of the cutting tip includes raised radial ribs spaced circumferentially therearound for inducing rotation of the cutting bit during a cutting operation.

Abstract: In the case of a sawing tool for a circular power saw having two coaxial saw blades (11, 11′) capable of being driven in opposite directions and rotating directly past each other, the anterior—relative to the direction of rotation—cutting edge (161, 161′) of each active cutting edge (16, 16′) is situated in a plane extending through the saw blade axis (18, 18′) to produce, using a simple design, an axial force on each saw blade (11, 11′) that counteracts the forcing apart of the saw blades (11, 11′) during the cutting process, and the active cutting edges (16, 16′) are sloped in the direction of the saw blade axes (18, 18′) in such a fashion that they incline downward from the facing sides of the saw blades (11, 11′) toward the sides of the blades facing away from each other (FIG. 5).

Abstract: A circular saw blade includes a generally circular blade portion and a plurality of spaced apart teeth attached to the circular blade portion. Each tooth extends outwardly and upwardly from the circular blade portion. Each tooth has a leading edge and a dimple formed therein proximate to a leading edge. Each tooth has a positive rake. Preferably the positive rake is in a range of between about 20 and about 45 degrees.

Abstract: A saw blade with teeth having a tooth point with a tooth edge (E1, E2), a tooth face on the front side of the tooth as viewed in the direction of sawing, a tooth back behind the tooth edge, and a tooth bottom between the tooth face on each tooth and the tooth back on the next tooth in front of said each tooth, and tooth gullets, wherein a tooth gullet (G1, G2) is defined as the space between the tooth edges of two adjacent teeth, said saw blade having two planar sides; a right hand side (R) and a left hand side (L) when the saw blade is viewed obliquely from above in the direction of sawing, wherein said tooth edge (E1, E2) extends between a right hand tooth corner (A1, A2) and a left hand tooth corner (B1, B2) with reference to said viewing direction, comprising the saw blade within a region of a first tooth gullet between the tooth edge (E1) of a first tooth (T1) and the tooth edge (E2) of the next tooth (T2) in front of said first tooth is bevelled such that the saw blade surface (S1) within said region sl

Abstract: A saw blade has a plurality of teeth with each tooth formed by a beveled gullet forming a trailing face, a beveled gullet forming a leading face and a planar surface forming a curved cutting face. The gullets forming the trailing face and the leading face are beveled in opposite directions. The planar surface is generally parallel to the beveled trailing face. The unique tooth profile provides a saw tooth having a positive rake angle to significantly improve the strength of the tooth. The method of manufacturing of the unique tooth profile begins by orienting a saw blade blank about three axes and performing a first grinding operation which forms every other tooth gullet and every other planar surface. The partially formed blank is then oriented about two of the three axes in an opposite direction and a second grinding operation is performed. The second grinding operation grinds the remaining gullets and planar surfaces.

Abstract: A cut-off blade assembly including a thin metal blade having an attachment portion by which the cut-off blade assembly can be attached to a dispenser, and a plurality of projecting similarly shaped triangular primary teeth. The triangular primary teeth each have two sides terminating in points and have bases adjacent the attachment portion that are aligned in a first direction along the blade so that their points project generally at right angles to that first direction. Edge surfaces on the sides and at the points of the primary teeth intersect a major surface of the primary teeth at an included angle of no greater than about 90 degrees to define a cutting edge at that intersection. The cut-off blade assembly further includes projections along one major surface of the primary teeth.

Abstract: A system is provided for forming a continuous mineral fiber wool tow and cutting the tow into discrete lengths. The system comprises a conveying apparatus for pulling a mineral fiber wool tow from a mineral fiber pack at a first location and transporting the tow to a chopping station. A chopping apparatus is positioned at the chopping station for chopping the tow into discrete lengths. The conveying apparatus further receives the discrete lengths at the chopping station and transports the discrete lengths to a collecting station. The conveying apparatus further includes a collection device located at the collecting station for receiving the discrete lengths of mineral fiber wool material and collecting the discrete lengths for subsequent use.

Abstract: A saw blade has a plurality of teeth with each tooth formed by a beveled leading face, a beveled trailing face and a chamfered surface located on the trailing face of each tooth. The trailing and leading faces are beveled in opposite directions in alternate order throughout the saw blade prior to the forming of the chamfered surface. The beveled leading face of each tooth intersects the chamfered surface on the trailing face of each tooth to form a curved cutting edge having a negative rake angle. The beveled faces are manufactured by first forming a plurality of rough-formed gullets. The rough-formed gullets are then finished-formed into beveled gullets by a cold-forming operation prior to the grinding of the chamfered surface to form the curved cutting face of the tooth.

Abstract: A saw tooth apparatus is adapted to be connected to and driven by a power source and includes a circular disk-like base connected to the power source. The circular disk-like base is bisected by a centrally located center plane. A plurality of tooth supports are distributed peripherally around the circular disk-like base. Each tooth support has a minimum transverse tooth support thickness, a maximum transverse tooth support thickness, and a tooth support radial height from a geometrical center of the circular disk-like base. A plurality of teeth are provided, and each tooth is supported by a leading side of a respective tooth support. Each tooth includes a most radially distal tooth portion, a pair of arcuately contoured intermediate tooth portions located symmetrically on either side of the center plane and adjacent to the most radially distal tooth portion, and a least radially distal tooth portion located adjacent to the pair of arcuately contoured intermediate tooth portions.

Abstract: A square saw tooth having four cutting edges of the type which is rotatable about its axis on a saw disc to present a fresh cutting edge when the radially outermost edge wears out has carbide wear plates covering the high wear areas of its attack face and providing its cutting edges. A wear plate is provided at each corner of the attack face, and each wear plate has a flat rear surface for attachment to the tooth body and a front surface of a complex shape, having plateau surface areas at the corners, where the plates are thicker, and one or more cylindrically curved concave surfaces which recede from the plateau areas toward the interior of the attack face, so that the plate recedes in thickness away from the plateau area. This construction helps provide more uniform wear over the surfaces and edges of the attack face for a more efficient consumption of the wear plates.

Abstract: A kitchen appliance for cutting material, preferably fruit or vegetables, into strips is disclosed. The kitchen appliance includes a base plate with sliding faces provided on its upper side and at least one row of blades is arranged between said sliding faces and extends essentially transversely to the cutting direction of the appliance. The blades thereof have upper cross webs that form cutting edges which project beyond the sliding faces in height and are fashioned open toward the underside of the base plate. The upper cross webs also include an essentially centrally arranged depressions extending in a direction toward the underside of the base plate. An approach channel is provided on the upper cross web of each of the blades, in front of the depression, for cutting guide channels into the material to be cut. In one embodiment, the channel cutter includes at least one v-shaped approach channel pointing in the direction of the underside of the base plate.

Abstract: A square saw tooth having four cutting edges of the type which is rotatable about its axis on a saw disc to present a fresh cutting edge when the radially outermost edge wears out has carbide wear plates covering the high wear areas of its attack face and providing its cutting edges. A wear plate is provided at each corner of the attack face, and each wear plate has a flat rear surface for attachment to the tooth body and a front surface of a complex shape, having plateau surface areas at the corners, where the plates are thicker, and curved surfaces which recede from the plateau areas toward the interior of the attack face, so that the plate recedes in thickness away from the plateau area. This construction helps provide more uniform wear over the surfaces and edges of the attack face for a more efficient consumption of the wear plates. In an alternate embodiment, the plateaus are provided at the corners of a tooth having a spherically concave attack face so as to inhibit wear of the corners.

Abstract: An indexable cut-off saw is used for cutting metal components, e.g. cutting a bearing cap cluster into separate caps. The saw has a circular tool body for mounting on an arbour and this tool body has flat side faces and a narrow outer periphery. A plurality of circumferentially equally spaced cutting inserts are mounted at the outer periphery of the tool body, these inserts being arranged in groups of three such that the total width of the saw cut is divided between the actions of three cooperating cutting inserts. These three cooperating cutting inserts include a central insert mounted centrally on the outer periphery of the tool body and left and right side inserts mounted in pockets extending into the side faces of the tool body. The left and right side inserts are of rectangular configuration presenting straight cutting edges, while the central cutting insert of each group presents a curving cutting face.

Abstract: A square saw tooth having four cutting edges of the type which is rotatable about its axis on a saw disc to present a fresh cutting edge when the radially outermost edge wears out has carbide wear plates covering the high wear areas of its attack face and providing its cutting edges. A wear plate is provided at each corner of the attack face, and each wear plate has a flat rear surface for attachment to the tooth body and a front surface of a complex shape, having plateau surface areas at the corners, where the plates are thicker, and curved surfaces which recede from the plateau areas toward the interior of the attack face, so that the plate recedes in thickness away from the plateau area. This construction helps provide more uniform wear over the surfaces and edges of the attack face for a more efficient consumption of the wear plates.

Abstract: In one embodiment of saw tooth assembly, the tubular saw tooth is releasably inserted with friction fit inside the hollow of a tubular mount. In an alternate embodiment, it is the tubular mount which is releasably inserted with friction fit inside the hollow of the tubular tooth. In both cases, the hollows of the mount and tooth are coextensive, whereby a common axial through-channel is defined. The tubular mount is to be anchored to the peripheral edge of a circular saw discoid plate. The wood chip generated during circular saw operation can therefore freely engage through the common through-channel, i.e. through the whole saw tooth assembly, and escape therefrom. Wood chip clogging of the saw tooth during sawing operations is therefore substantially prevented, and the aerodynamic features of the circular are accordingly enhanced.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for practicing the method by which a reciprocating saw may be utilized to cut within the edges of a panel of material without the necessity of providing a pilot hole or the like for the saw blade, wherein the saw blade is configured in such manner as to taper at the end not attached to the saw motor in order to come to a point and wherein a knife edge is supplied along the edges of said tapered portion of said saw blade, wherein the saw blade at its pointed and tapered end is allowed to cut through the panel of material being sawed with the sawing action commencing immediately after full penetration of the blade through the material.

Abstract: A cutting tooth for a tree felling saw having a concave front surface and a convex rear surface can be removably fixed to a saw by a fastening device The front surface and the rear surface are uniformly spaced and have a plurality of side surfaces extending therebetween. The intersection of each side section with the front surface forms a cutting edge. An aperture is formed in the cutting tooth for receiving the mounting element.

Abstract: A rotary cutting knife for paper cutting apparatus or the like includes a circular periphery carrier with a planar front face and a peripheral wall. Cylindrical bores in the peripheral wall receive cylindrical blade inserts. Each blade insert includes at its outer end an inclined planar blade face which intersects the cylindrical insert wall to form a cutting edge of elliptical contour. The insert receiving bores in the carrier are so oriented that inserts can be and are mounted therein with their blade faces all lying in a cutting plane parallel to the planar front face of the carrier and perpendicular to the axis of carrier rotation. Additionally, the bore orientation is such that the outer ends of the inserts lag their inner ends in the direction of carrier rotation. The assembly provides improvements in strength, blade wear life and precision of cut.

Abstract: A saw tooth, of which a number are removably mounted on a tree-felling saw head, includes a body portion having a lead cutter and a trailing primary cutter separated by a throat. The combined lead cutters function to cut a narrow side wall kerf on each side of a larger principal kerf together with corresponding inside corners of the larger kerf. The remainder of the larger kerf is then cut out by the following primary cutters, forming a square cut end. As the cut progresses, the combined primary cutters separate the longitudinal fibers of the tree at the square cut end without double cutting the fibers, thereby improving cutting efficiency and reducing energy requirements in felling a tree.

Abstract: A tire rasp blade is provided with an elongated planar body having a working portion comprising a plurality of uniformly and closely spaced teeth which define an arcuate working perimeter. Each of the teeth has a base and a working edge and is separated from neighboring teeth by generally elliptical primary cutouts which are oriented normal to the tangent of the working perimeter. The teeth are preferably monolithic and of a uniform size and shape, and are both angularly set and laterally displaced relative to the plane of the blade body.

Abstract: An L-shaped digging tooth includes a trapezoidally configured shank having inner and outer sides. A toe portion projects laterally from one of its edges. An angle of about 90.degree..+-.30.degree. is defined between the general plane of the toe portion and the plane of the shank. The shank and toe portion terminate in a common, continuous cutting edge of L or V-shaped configuration having a convex outer boundary and a concave inner boundary. This cutting edge intersects at a leading cutter point, a free inner edge of the toe portion which extends along a line convergent with the shank portion plane. The tooth is hard-faced over a zone adjacent the common leading edge. The invention further relates to an endless chain excavating assembly which includes the described L-shaped teeth arrayed in a specific sequence with, and geometric relationship to, cup-shaped teeth of a known type, with both secured at spaced intervals to an endless chain.

Abstract: A cut off blade adapted for severing plastic film material folded in layers. The blade is a thin metal sheet including an attachment portion and a plurality of similarly shaped teeth defining a cutting edge portion of the blade. Each of the teeth defines parts of the first and second major surfaces in the shapes of isosceles triangles with two equal length sides terminating in points and having bases adjacent the attachment portion and aligned in a first direction along the blade so that the points project at right angles to the first direction. The angle between any portion of an edge surface of the blade along the cutting edge portion and the second surface when measured in a plane normal to the first direction is the same acute angle, and the metal of the sheet defining the edge surface along the cutting edge has been cold flowed toward the intersection thereof with the second major surface by a punch and die forming method to define a sharp edge at that intersection.

Abstract: A milling cutter tool for cleanly and smoothly cutting honeycomb core material is disclosed. The cutter tool includes a circular saw blade sharpened to a knife edge. A bevel extends from the upper surface towards the sharp peripheral edge. A plurality of cutter bodies extend vertically above the circular saw blade. The cutter bodies include a plurality of teeth generally parallel to each other and extending vertically with respect to each other. The teeth include a piercing point and sharp cutting edges extending at a clearance angle from the piercing point. A flat surface extends between the teeth. The circular saw blade having a sharp bevel cutting edge provides a clean cut of the honeycomb core material at the surface to be cut. The sharp points of the cutting edges pierce the honeycomb material, dig into it and slice it. The cutting edges further slice and cut the dross honeycomb core material as it is separated from the surface being cut. A clean, smooth surface is left to which a panel may be bonded.

Abstract: A novel saw is disclosed having novel dimensions and tooth pattern for the saw to cut efficiently through bone and wood. The saw includes a plurality of teeth disposed upon the cutting edge of the saw blades. The teeth are set with a bevel of about 3.degree. to 15.degree. and with two steps of about 1/4 to 1/8 inch and with a spacing of tip-to-tip between continguous teeth of about 1/8 to 3/8 inch. The blade is selected of material having dimension and hardness for the blade to yield to bend in a generally semicircular bend.

Abstract: A circular saw blade which comprises a circular main body, and a plurality of circumferentially spaced cutter tips secured to said main body, each of the cutter tips having a front surface whose width is gradually symmetrically increased from the bottom portion toward the top portion thereof and whose top edge providing a cutting edge of the cutter tip arcs with the center of curvature being located on the center line of the symmetry.

Abstract: The invention is a honeycomb core cutting tool wherein a primary cutter is used to cut the core to shape and secondary cutters are used to immediately shred that portion of the core being removed. The primary cutter is typically a commercially available circular saw blade modified by the machining of a plurality of peripherally located, radially inward directed slots dividing the primary cutter into segments which can be formed into a concave shape. A retainer threadably engages the end of the shaft and is used to force the primary cutter against a concave surface of a flange mounted to the shank of the tool, causing the primary cutter to deform into the concave shape. Mounted behind the flange and primary cutter are two "slot" cutters for shredding the portion of the core being removed.

Abstract: A power saw having a stationary, tree-supporting platform disc, a rotatable tree cutting disc and drive means for rotating the cutting disc. The saw cutting elements have circular, conical or concave cutting faces with circumferential cutting edges. The cutting elements are removably attached to the saw by means of holders which absorb forces imparted to the cutting elements and transmit the forces to the cutting disc. The holders facilitate rapid replacement of dulled or damaged cutting elements.

Abstract: In an annular saw, that is to say a circular saw with an annular saw blade, the saw blade is adapted to rotate about an imaginary center axis by being driven via a drive shaft which is parallel to the center axis and has a fulcrum between the annular saw blade and its center. Mounted on the drive shaft (27) are two drive rollers (25, 26), of which the adjacent surfaces (41, 42) are bevelled at a certain bevel angle so that the rollers comprise drive surfaces which, between them, form a wedge-shaped groove (40). The two lateral surfaces of the saw blade (8) are bevelled in a corresponding manner within a region (13) close to the inner edge (15) of the saw blade, the bevel angle being the same as for the drive rollers, the bevelled edge portion of the annular saw blade being clamped between the bevelled drive surfaces of the drive rollers in the wedge-shaped groove.

Abstract: A turning tool for turning wooden workpieces, comprising a turning disk fixedly mounted on a drive shaft and including a plurality of carbide cutting teeth separated from one another by respective tooth spaces, said cutting teeth being in the form of at least two different configurations, one such configuration comprising peripherally disposed profile cutters having peripheral, end, and lateral cutting edges, while the other configuration comprises chip cutters formed with peripheral and end cutting edges, said chip cutters being associated with said profile cutters in a radially inwards and, in the feed direction, axially forwards offset position. Each profile cutter is integrally formed with its associated chip cutter in the form of an integral metal carbide cutting tooth having a common flat front surface forming at least part of the rear wall of the tooth space preceding it in the direction of rotation, the tooth space being open-ended at both sides and extending over the full width of said turning disk.

Abstract: A circular saw blade having mounted on the outer circumference thereof a plurality of spaced conical teeth in lobes separated by aerodynamically designed gullets. The teeth are integral portions of elongated shafts and the axis of the elongated shaft is mounted at a slight angle from the perpendicular to a radius of the blade itself. The gullet is of a configuration wherein the turbulence created by the blade moving rapidly through the air generates an outward flow of air removing the particulate waste generated thereby eliminating clogging and the resultant friction.

Abstract: A chipper roller for a two-stage grinding machine has removable circular knives spaced axially and circumferentially in an array following a helical path of two turns about the surface of the roller. Each knife is in the form of a disc with a central aperture for accepting a fastening element and with a cutting edge on one side adjacent its periphery and an annular groove on the same side adjacent said edge creating a rake which cooperates with the walls of the groove to produce curls from chunks of material. The knives are fastened to the roller in recesses with only a minor portion of the knife projecting above the surface of the roller. Upon dulling of the exposed edge the knife can be rotated to bring a sharp section of the cutting edge into operation.

Abstract: A slicing band consists of a base and an integral reduced cross section shank which is formed continuously throughout the length of the band. At the end of the shank is a scalloped cutting edge with inclined faces which intersect at the cutting edge of the scallops. The blade is constructed from an apparatus which utilizes two rotatable grinding wheels each with a flat annular grinding surface adapted to contact first one side of the blade and then the opposite side of the blade while the blade is yieldably retained against lateral movement and to effect material reduction to form the reduced cross section shank. The grinding wheel consists of cubic boron nitride, capable of performing material removal without burning or compromising the strength or other material requirements of the blade.

Abstract: A tree felling device comprising a spherical bowl carrying an endless saw chain along its peripheral edge and mounted to be moved a limited angle around the center of an imagined sphere in which it is included.

Abstract: A saw tooth of truncated rectangular pyramidal configuration, affixed at its smaller base to a saw body; the larger base, facing the work, is of concave configuration in the longitudinal direction, the direction of cutting movement; further, either the end surfaces of the tooth or the larger base surface of the tooth are concave in the transverse direction, affording four cutting points at the corners of the larger base.