Abstract: A SCARA robot according to an aspect of the invention includes a first arm rotatable with respect to a base, a second arm rotatable with respect to the first arm, a first rotation regulating member regulating a rotation of the first arm, and a second rotation regulating member regulating a rotation of the second arm. The first arm includes a beam provided inside a casing, at least one of the first rotation regulating member and the second rotation regulating member includes a contact part, a fixing part, and a connecting part.

Abstract: A robot for operating isolation switches while allowing an operator to remain outside of an arc flash zone can include a motor, bidirectional rotatable shaft, gear box, and magnet housings with magnets for engaging with metal. A first arm can be connected to the bidirectional rotatable shaft and can have a gripper. A second arm can connect to the bidirectional rotatable shaft, and can have a threadable member for depressing an interlock on the isolation switches. Stops can prevent the first arm from over-rotating. A magnetically securable controller portion can be in communication with a motor portion and remote switch operator. A remote control device can operate the remote switch operator to control and power the controller portion to operate the motor outside of the arc flash zone.

Abstract: The invention relates to an industrial robot, having a multiple-axis robot arm, with a base, a carousel that is rotatably supported relative to the base in reference to an axis and a mechanical stop device provided to limit a rotary motion of the carousel relative to the base. The stop device has a slider situated on the base, with stops situated at its ends, a trailing stop situated in the slider and a drive dog situated on the carousel. The drive dog and the slider are designed so that the drive dog is introduced into the slider by a corresponding rotary motion of the carousel relative to the axis and pushes the trailing stop against the relative stop. The trailing stop includes a plastically deformable damping element, which is provided to brake the carousel due to a plastic deformation caused by the trailing stop being pushed against the relevant stop by the drive dog.

Abstract: An industrial robot includes a hand on which a workpiece is placed, an arm that takes out the hand from a predetermined position of the workpiece and supplies the hand, an up-down moving mechanism connected to the arm by a support member, a pedestal provided at a lower portion of the up-down moving mechanism, and a pendulum stopper provided on a base on which the pedestal turns.

Abstract: An apparatus has a parameter initial value calculator, a force reference impression part, an evaluation data measurement part, an allowable value setting part, a viscosity parameter calculator, an end determining part, and an inertia parameter adjusting part. The force reference impression part intermittently supplies a force reference to an impedance controller. The evaluation data measurement part measures setting time of time response, an overshoot amount, and the number of vibration times. The allowable value setting part sets allowable values of the overshoot amount and the setting time. The viscosity parameter calculator calculates a viscosity parameter with which the setting time becomes shortest. The end determining part determines the end or continuation of the process by comparing the adjustment values with the allowable values. The inertia parameter calculator adjusts the inertia parameter according to the adjustment values of the overshoot amount and the setting time.

Abstract: Method and system for telematic control of a slave device (402) includes a hand control (101) type control interface which includes a hand grip (102) having an elongated body (202). One or more sensors (208) are provided for sensing a physical displacement of a trigger (212) disposed on the hand grip. An actuator or motor (206) is disposed in the hand grip that is responsive to a control signal from a control system (401) for dynamically controlling a force applied by the trigger to a user of the hand control interface.

Abstract: An industrial robot includes a mounting base, a turning base rotatable relative to the mounting base about a rotation axis, and a stopper mechanically limiting an operating angle of the turning base. The stopper includes a fixed section attached to the mounting base, a connecting base attached to the turning base, and a swing lever pivotally connected to the connecting base and capable of swinging between a first position and a second position. The turning base is maintained in the first position and the second position, respectively, by the stopper when the swing lever contacts the fixed section, thereby limiting the operating angle of the turning base.

Abstract: A method is provided for distributing tension among tendons of a tendon-driven finger in a robotic system, wherein the finger characterized by n degrees of freedom and n+1 tendons. The method includes determining a maximum functional tension and a minimum functional tension of each tendon of the finger, and then using a controller to distribute tension among the tendons, such that each tendon is assigned a tension value less than the maximum functional tension and greater than or equal to the minimum functional tension. The method satisfies the minimum functional tension while minimizing the internal tension in the robotic system, and satisfies the maximum functional tension without introducing a coupled disturbance to the joint torques. A robotic system includes a robot having at least one tendon-driven finger characterized by n degrees of freedom and n+1 tendons, and a controller having an algorithm for controlling the tendons as set forth above.

Abstract: A robot arm provided with a body unit shifting mechanism that connects a base unit and a body unit so as to be relatively shifted, and joint lock mechanisms that are capable of mechanically securing respective joints is disposed on the body unit, and a robot operation control unit controls to switch between a robot arm operation mode in which the robot arm is operated with one of the joints of the robot arm brought into a free state, and a body unit shift mode in which the body unit is shifted with the joint being brought into a locked state.

Abstract: A robot arm, which is driven by an elastic body actuator and has a plurality of joints, is provided with an arm-end supporting member that supports the robot arm when made in contact with a supporting surface that is placed on an arm-end portion of the robot arm and a control unit that controls a force by which the arm-end supporting member and the supporting surface are made in contact with each other, and further controls a position and orientation of the arm-end portion of the robot arm.

Abstract: The present invention was developed by a neurosurgeon and seeks to mimic the results of primate neurological research which is indicative of a human's actual neurological control structures and logic. Specifically, the motor proprioceptive and tactile neurophysiology functioning of the surgeon's hands and internal hand control system from the muscular level through the intrafusal fiber system of the neural network is considered in creating the robot and method of operation of the present invention. Therefore, the surgery is not slowed down as in the art, because the surgeon is in conscious and subconscious natural agreement and harmonization with the robotically actuated surgical instruments based on neurological mimicking of the surgeon's behavior with the functioning of the robot. Therefore, the robot can enhance the surgeon's humanly limited senses while not introducing disruptive variables to the surgeon's naturally occurring operation of his neurophysiology.

Abstract: A system and method for controlling tendon-driven manipulators that provide a closed-loop control of joint torques or joint impedances without inducing dynamic coupling between joints. The method includes calculating tendon reference positions or motor commands by projecting a torque error into tendon position space using a single linear operation. The method calculates this torque error using sensed tendon tensions and a reference torque and internal tension. The method can be used to control joint impedance by calculating the reference torque based on a joint position error. The method limits minimum and maximum tendon tensions by projecting the torque error into the tendon tension space and then projecting ii back into joint space.

Abstract: A wafer transfer apparatus is provided. In a minimum transformed state where a robot arm is transformed such that a distance defined from a pivot axis to an arm portion, which is farthest in a radial direction relative to the pivot axis, is minimum, a minimum rotation radius R, is set to exceed ½ of a length B in the forward and backward directions of an interface space, the length B corresponding to a length between the front wall and the rear wall of the interface space forming portion, and is further set to be equal to or less than a subtracted value obtained by subtracting a distance L0 in the forward and backward directions from the rear wall of the interface space forming portion to the pivot axis, from the length B in the forward and backward directions of the interface space (i.e., B/2<R?B?L0).

Abstract: An apparatus for centering a substrate in a track lithography tool includes a processing chamber having an opening large enough to admit the substrate. The processing chamber includes a substrate support member. The substrate is characterized by a diameter and comprises a mounting surface, a process surface, and an edge. The apparatus also includes a clamped robot blade including a substrate support surface adapted to support the mounting surface of the substrate, two edge contact regions, and a base contact region. The clamped robot blade also includes a clamping system adapted to move at least one of the two edge contact regions or the base contact region from an unclamped position to a clamped position, thereby making contact between the edge of the substrate and the two edge contact regions and the base contact region in the clamped position. The apparatus further includes a robot arm coupled to the clamped robot blade.

Abstract: The invention relates to an overload protection device (1) comprising a housing (2) which is designed to be fixed to a manipulation device. The overload protection device comprises a tool holder (3) for fixing a tool that is attached to the housing in a displaceable manner, a pre-tensioning unit (4) for generating a pre-tensioning force between the housing and the tool holder, the pre-tensioning unit being configured as a piston assembly with a pressure piston which can be loaded by a medium and with a switching unit (5) that operates by means of relative displacement between the housing and the tool holder. The switching unit has a least one electrically conducting switching surface (6) and at least one electrically conducting contact element (7) that can be brought into electrical contact with the switching surface, the switching surface (6) and the contact element (7) being provided on an opposing surface section (8) of the tool holder and the housing.

Abstract: A communication apparatus for robots is provided. A controller and drivers controlling each joint are serially connected to a serial transmission line. A final driver positioned at the last stage, among the drivers, is connected to an I/O module connected to a driver of a hand. When control signals for each driver and the driver of the hand are serially transmitted from the controller to the serial transmission line, the driver connected to the I/O module receives a control signal for the driver itself and a control signal for the driver of the hand, among the serially transmitted control signals, and transmits the control signal for the driver of the hand to the I/O module.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus that provide a hardware abstraction layer (HAL) for a robot are disclosed. A HAL can reside as a software layer or as a firmware layer residing between robot control software and underlying robot hardware and/or an operating system for the hardware. The HAL provides a relatively uniform abstract for aggregates of underlying hardware such that the underlying robotic hardware is transparent to perception and control software, i.e., robot control software. This advantageously permits robot control software to be written in a robot-independent manner. Developers of robot control software are then freed from tedious lower level tasks. Portability is another advantage. For example, the HAL efficiently permits robot control software developed for one robot to be ported to another. In one example, the HAL permits the same navigation algorithm to be ported from a wheeled robot and used on a humanoid legged robot.

Abstract: A legged mobile robot in which sensors which can measure contact pressure are provided so as to be distributed at corresponding portions of whole body of the robot in order to determine the state of contact with the external world. In addition, modules which use shock-absorbing members for reducing shock are provided at the corresponding portions of the whole body of the robot. These modules cover their corresponding portions of the robot in order to further function as external parts for protecting the robot from shock. The modules can be constructed so as to be removable from the body of the robot, and may include batteries for supplying electrical power to terminal parts such as sensors. The invention provides a robot which can operate while being subjected to external forces as a result of coming into contact with an obstacle or other external objects, and which makes it possible to reduce shock which is produced when the robot comes into contact with an external object.

Abstract: A modular articulated robot structure (FIG. 4) composed of a series of independent modules (10,100,300) releasably connected to each other to form various configurations. The modules (10,100,300) may be of the rotary (10), linear (100), or wheeled (300) type. The rotary modules (10) are generally formed of first and second substantially U-shaped structural members (12,14) pivotally attached to one another by means of a pair of axles or pivot pins (26) adapted to support a workload exerted on the module (10). A motor (48) is mounted internally of the module (10) for pivoting the second structural member (14) relative to the first structural member (12). The motor (48) is connected to the second structural member (14) in such a way that it is not submitted to outside loads exerted on the module (10).

Abstract: An overload protection device includes a cup-shaped cap member defining a cavity receiving a cup-shaped yoke member defining a pressurized air chamber receiving a piston having a rounded end surface engaging the cap member. An annular cam member is inserted into the cap member and defines three angularly spaced V-shaped cam surfaces with center seats which receive corresponding steel balls mounted on outwardly projecting ears of the yoke member. A rigid plastic ring is mounted on the yoke member with epoxy and contacts an annular shoulder within the cam member. The yoke member carries a pair of axially adjustable and normally closed electrical contact elements which are opened by an actuator pin projecting from the piston in response to tilting and/or rotation and/or axial movement between the yoke member and cap member.

Abstract: Disclosed is an overload protection device to be placed between a robot and a tool to be used by the robot to prevent damage when the tool encounters an obstacle. The overload protection device comprises a housing, a cam, and a piston. The housing includes an internal cavity and an external opening to the cavity. The cam includes a head portion retained within the cavity and a neck portion extending through the opening. The neck portion and the opening include matching conical surfaces adapted to mate with one another. The piston is disposed within the cavity and tends to urge the cam toward a home position. When the tool is displaced in the x, y, z, or rotational directions during an overload condition, the cam is displaced from the home position. The piston then urges the cam to return to the home position regardless of the direction of displacement. A single sensor is provided to detect an overload condition.

Abstract: A docking arrangement for the automatic fueling of automotive vehicles, primarily cars, where a robot is provided including a robot head that can be moved in relation to the robot and positioned in relation to an adapter (3), the adapter being arranged for fastening to the upper orifice of the fuel-tank pipe (2) of a vehicle.

Abstract: The invention relates to an industrial robot with a stand (1) which is rotatably journalled in a base (2) and provided with a mechanical stop for limiting the rotary motion of the stand. The stop comprises at least one radially projecting stop arm (7), which in a certain rotational position makes contact with a stop pin (6) arranged on the base (2). The rotary moment is taken up by deformation of the stop pin (6). The stand (1) is provided with a plurality of recesses (8, 10) arranged around the periphery of the stand, whereas the stop arm (7) is formed with at least one fixing projection (12, 13) which is adapted to the recesses and which, with the aid of a wedge member (14), may be fastened into one of the recesses at an optional location on the periphery of the stand.

Abstract: In a robot arm having a rotary encoder of incremental value type outputting signals including a signal (Z-signal) which is generated every one revolution of the rotary encoder and a rotary encoder of absolute value type, angles (.DELTA.Z, .DELTA.D) of the original positions of the respective rotary encoders with respect to an original position (E) of the robot arm are previously measured, then the arm is moved and is stopped at a position in which the Z-signal is generated, subsequently, an absolute position of the arm is detected on the basis of the angles (.DELTA.Z, .DELTA.D), and the angle between the arm and the original position (E) is calculated. The absolute position is detectable within one revolution of the rotary encoder of incremental type, and thereby an effective "return-to-origin operation" of the arm is accomplished.

Abstract: Angular regions (A, B) for turning a trunk body (12) of an industrial robot can be changed in accordance with an operation of the industrial robot by setting movable stoppers (18, 20). Turning movement can be stopped by an electrical means (LS1, LS2, LS3, LS4, LS5) to protect a drive motor and a drive mechanism, just before a stopper (22) fixed on the trunk body collides with mechanical stoppers (14, 16, 18, 20). An accident based on an error operation of the movable stoppers can be prevented by disposing proximity detectors (PS1, PS2, PS3, PS4).

Abstract: There is disclosed a control method for returning a robot control operation to an accurate zero point before the start of the operation. The method is suitable when applied even to a turning operation of 360 degrees or more. For this control, the arm of the robot is turned counterclockwise at a low speed until a zero position detecting switch is turned on, and these turns are then reversed and stopped when a zero position detecting pulse is generated. The counted value (A) of the deviation between the instant when the zero position detecting switch in this case is turned on and the instant when the zero position detecting pulse is generated is registered. The counted value (B) measured likewise each time during the subsequent zero point adjustments is compared with the aforementioned counted value (A) of the deviation first registered so that the zero point of the control operation of the robot can be detected.

Abstract: A rotary mechanism for robot arms and the like includes a base and a shaft rotatably connected to the base and extending therefrom. A first sprocket is carried by the shaft and a second sprocket is rotatably connected to the base in alignment with the first sprocket. A chain is operatively carried by and extends between the first and second sprockets so that movement of the chain causes cooperative rotation of the sprockets and thereby of the shaft. A cylinder and piston assembly has a first end connected to the base and a second longitudinally movable end engaged with the chain intermediate the first and second sprockets so that longitudinal movement of the second end causes associated movement of the chain and thereby rotation of the shaft. A manipulator is carried by the shaft and is pivotally disposed at one end thereof. A table is carried by the shaft and is disposed intermediate the one end and the first sprocket.

Abstract: A four-axis robot has three independent linear motions and one rotational component. The robot is disposed between a pair of confronting storage units and is operable to store and retrieve articles in and from them. The robot comprises a carrier disposed half-way between the two storage units for travel parallel to the units. A head is supported from the carriage and in turn supports an arm for horizontal extension and retraction. The head can be both elevated and lowered along, as well as rotated about, a vertical axis. The head and arm are capable of 180.degree. rotary motion about the vertical axis to access the two storage units. Specific rotational control of the head is provided by a unique actuating mechanism with associated adjustable stops. The mechanism includes a linearly movable gear rack operated by a power cylinder and meshing with a pinion concentric with the vertical axis. The pinion is mounted on the bearing portions of a ball spline shaft and bearing coupling.

Abstract: There is disclosed a system for handling or positioning of structural parts or tools on a guide track for an intermediate carrier provided with a displacing device and a positioning device. The guide track for the intermediate carrier has its end portions mounted in carrier plates. These end plates are joined by bracing plates extending parallel to the guide track and defined by two guide posts arranged in a plane extending obliquely to the vertical.

Abstract: A stationary robotic base carries a movable robotic platform and supports a pair of vertical striker plates spaced apart by a central, elastomeric block. The striker plates are confined within a compartment of the stationary base, and extend upward into a pathway defined by a lug depending from the moving platform. The lug contacts the top portion of a given striker plate and, as the plate is struck, it tends to pivot about its bottom edge toward the other plate, compressing the elastomeric block, while the other plate is held from moving away from the block. The assembly is bidirectional, with each striker plate being yieldable toward the other as it is encountered by the moving lug.

Abstract: Disclosed is a pick and place unit having a first moving plate movably supported by a fixed plate and a second movable moving plate supported by the first moving plate movably in the direction crossing the moving direction of the first moving plate. The pick and place unit comprises: a first rod-shaped member secured to the fixed plate and disposed along the moving direction of the first moving plate; a second rod-shaped member secured to the second moving plate and disposed along the moving direction of the second moving plate; a movable stopper secured to the first moving plate and having bores, each having portions different in width from each other, for receiving the first and second rod-shaped members respectively; a driving member for moving the movable stopper; and stators fixed at any desired positions of the first and second rod-shaped members, respectively, so as to sandwich the movable stopper and adapted to abut against the movable stopper.

Abstract: An apparatus including a set jig for setting and positioning a door into a door opening portion of a vehicle body which jig is movable to advance and retreat in the direction of the door opening portion and movable in the vehicle length and height directions from a predetermined original point position (corresponding to a normal set position of the door opening) and a position detecting mechanism for detecting deviation in position of the door opening from the normal set position and for adjusting the alignment of the set jig in accordance with the deviation to have it correspond with the actual position of the door opening portion prior to the set jig advancing to set the door.

Abstract: A mechanical handling apparatus for point to point movement has utilization grippers driven from point to point by an arm assembly comprising a piston and cylinder arrangement in which the piston is in force balance until activated by a microprocessor. The microprocessor controls the energization of an electrical solenoid of each of a plurality of valves. The grippers are carried by a load beam, supported by bearings and a selectively energizable brake for resisting motion of the load beam is mounted on a lead screw. The lead screw is driven by a stepper motor but is connected with a microprocessor, and the position of the load beam and of the brake is determined by a transducer. In operation, the microprocessor permits energization of the piston to rapidly drive the load beam and hence the grippers toward a desired point within the capture range of the lead screw. The brake is applied to stop the load beam and final, accurate positioning of the grippers is performed by energizing the stepper motor.