Abstract: Disclosed is a hybrid power system including a computing core, a power converter, a driving motor, an engine generator, a charging stand, and a battery pack. The power converter is coupled to the computing core. The driving motor is coupled to the power converter. The engine generator is coupled to the power converter. The charging stand is coupled to the power converter. The battery pack is coupled to the power converter. When inputting a required torque to the computing core and switching to a charging mode, an electric energy source is coupled to the charging stand and provides power to the battery pack through the power converter. The computing core executes an optimal power allocation algorithm.

Abstract: This invention pertains to reliable, lightweight and efficient hybrid electric powertrain and components thereof to power hybrid electric aircraft from one or more sources of electrical energy. In particular, a novel architecture is proposed for power panels that receive, condition and distribute high levels of electrical power to and from the propulsion electric motors and the one or several sources of electrical energy. Systems and methods for architecting the power panels using efficient, reusable and modular power electronics building blocks (PEBBs) is described, along with additional systems and methods for the optimal control of the power panels and components thereof. In addition, novel systems and methods are described for the efficient and lightweight thermal management for hybrid electric powertrain components, ranging from distribution manifolds for the powertrain or power panels, to micro fluid channels for cooling electronics with extreme heat flux.

Abstract: A straddled vehicle, including a vehicle frame structure, a drive unit including a drive motor that receives electric power and outputs driving power, a driving wheel that receives the driving power, and an electric power generation unit. The electric power generation unit includes an electric power generation engine configured to output engine power, and an electric power generator that is fixed to the electric power generation engine and is electrically connected to an electric power transfer medium having flexibility. The electric power generator is configured to convert the engine power into the electric power, and supply the electric power to the drive motor via the electric power transfer medium. The straddled vehicle is series-hybridized by the drive unit and the electric power generation unit. The electric power generation engine is swingably supported, independently of the drive unit, by the vehicle frame structure, such that the engine power is not mechanically supplied to the driving wheel.

Abstract: A hybrid multirotor propulsion system for an aircraft includes a plurality of propulsion units, each propulsion unit having a propeller, an electromotor and a peripheral differential gearbox; a plurality of driving elements, each of which is coupled to a respective one of the plurality of propulsion units; a mechanical power source; a main distributor gearbox; at least one electric machine; and a power management unit. The power management unit is configured according to a predetermined operating mode, which causes the mechanical power source to output first and second mechanical power components; and distributing the first mechanical power component to provide each driving element with a direct mechanical propeller power; and causes the electric machine to convert the second mechanical power component into electric power, part of which provides each electromotor with an electric propeller power.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine control device includes: a temperature acquisition unit configured to acquire the temperature of an internal combustion engine at the time when it is requested to start the internal combustion engine; a motoring execution unit configured to execute motoring of the internal combustion engine using the motor when it is requested to start the internal combustion engine; and an in-cylinder pressure control unit configured to control the in-cylinder pressure of the internal combustion engine during the motoring based on the temperature of the internal combustion engine. The in-cylinder pressure control unit is configured to execute in-cylinder pressure increase control, in which the in-cylinder pressure is increased when the temperature of the internal combustion engine is equal to or less than a predetermined threshold temperature compared to when the temperature of the internal combustion engine is higher than the threshold temperature, since the motoring is started.

Abstract: A drive system including a motor that includes stator coils and a rotor having permanent magnets, a battery that supplies electric power to the stator coils of the motor, an engine that rotates a drive shaft connected to the rotor to generate a driving force of a vehicle, a generator that generates electric power by using exhaust of the engine, and a control part that controls a power source of the electric power to be supplied to the stator coils, wherein the electric power generated by the generator is supplied to the stator coils when an operating state of the engine satisfies a predetermined condition.

Abstract: A drive arrangement for a torque converter is disclosed herein. The drive arrangement includes a first drive plate element configured to be connected to a torque converter cover and configured to secure a rotor of an electric motor against the torque converter cover. A second drive plate element is configured to be connected to a flex plate, and the first and second drive plate elements are connected to each other.

Abstract: Example embodiments allow for networks of hybrid controllers that can be computed efficiently and that can adapt to changes in the system(s) under control. Such a network includes at least one hybrid controller that includes a dynamic sub-controller and a learned system sub-controller. Information about the ongoing performance of the system under control is provided to both the hybrid controller and to an over-controller, which provides one or more control inputs to the hybrid controller in order to modify the ongoing operation of the hybrid controller. These inputs can include the set-point of the hybrid controller, one or more parameters of the dynamic controller, and an update rate or other parameter of the learned system controller. The over-controller can control multiple hybrid controllers (e.g., controlling respective sub-systems of an overall system) and can, itself, be a hybrid controller.

Abstract: A drive unit includes an electric motor, first and second torque transmission paths, a torque converter, first and second gear trains, and a first switch mechanism. The first and second torque transmission paths are provided parallel to each other. The torque converter is disposed in the first torque transmission path. The torque converter amplifies a torque outputted from the motor when the torque is directed in a first rotational direction. The first gear train is disposed in the first torque transmission path. The first gear train is disposed downstream with respect to the torque converter. The second gear train is disposed in the second torque transmission path. The first switch mechanism switches between the first torque transmission path and the second torque transmission path as a path for transmitting the torque outputted from the motor.

Abstract: An example system comprises an electric machine including a stator and a rotor, a cooling system configured to supply a cooling fluid to cool the electric machine, and a stator tube configured to contain the cooling fluid within a stator portion of the electric machine and prevent the cooling fluid from contacting the rotor.

Abstract: A non-transitory storage medium for use in an information processing device in a vehicle control system.

Abstract: A powertrain includes an engine; a driveline including a gearbox having an input shaft connected to the engine, an output shaft to be connected to driving wheels of the vehicle and a countershaft for transmitting a rotation of the input shaft to the output shaft which can be coupled to the input shaft; an electric machine; a gear reduction mechanism having a free wheel and at least three separate and rotatable junction elements, the rotational speeds of the junction elements being interdependent but not having a fixed ratio relative to one another: a first junction element that is connected to the electric machine; a second junction element that is connectable to the free wheel; a third junction element that is connected to the countershaft. The torque ratio between the third junction element and the first junction element can be selected from at least two different ratios.

Abstract: This patent application is directed to thermal management systems of vehicles with an electric powertrain. More specifically, the battery system and one or more powertrain components and/or cabin climate control components of a vehicle share the same thermal circuit as the battery module through which heat can be exchanged between the battery module and one or more powertrain or climate control components as needed.

Abstract: A drive system of a hybrid utility vehicle includes: an internal combustion engine including a crank shaft; a continuously variable transmission connected to the internal combustion engine; a drive train that connects an output shaft of the continuously variable transmission to a driving wheel; an electric motor; a branch train that connects the electric motor to the drive train such that power can be transmitted from the electric motor to the drive train; and an engine clutch that can cut transmission of rotational driving power, which has been input from the electric motor through the branch train to the drive train, to the internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A system includes a first charger connected to one of an aircraft, a watercraft, and a vehicle having at least one vehicle battery, a second charger connected to an on board battery pack, and at least one programmable logic controller (PLC) to: manage communication between the at least one vehicle battery and the first charger to ensure that the at least one vehicle battery reaches a preset state of charge (SOC), manage communication between the on board battery pack and the second charger to ensure that the on board battery pack reaches the preset SOC, and manage transfer of energy from the on board battery pack to the at least one vehicle battery.

Abstract: A controller and a control method for a hybrid electric vehicle are provided. An internal combustion engine and a first rotating electric machine are capable of applying power to a driven wheel via a power split device. A deactivating process deactivates combustion control in a deactivated cylinder that corresponds to one or more of cylinders of the internal combustion engine. A first compensation process sets, when the deactivating process is executed, torque of the first rotating electric machine to be larger than torque of the first rotating electric machine obtained prior to starting the deactivating process so as to compensate for at least some of a decrease amount of torque of the internal combustion engine resulting from the deactivating process.

Abstract: A thermal management system for an energy storage container includes an enclosed compartment containing an energy storage unit, an air temperature control unit configured to cool an interior of the enclosed compartment, and at least one inverter connected to a coolant circuit, which is separate from the air temperature control unit, and configured to be cooled by a coolant in the coolant circuit. The thermal management system also includes a radiator located outside of the enclosed compartment, the radiator being connected to the coolant circuit, wherein the coolant in the coolant circuit flows through the radiator, and at least one fan located alongside the radiator, outside of the enclosed compartment, the at least one fan being configured to blow air across the radiator to cool the coolant flowing through the radiator.

Abstract: A drive unit (100) is provided with a first electric machine (110), a second electric machine (120), a first shaft (130) and an output shaft (140). A rotor (111) of the first electric machine (110) is rotationally fixed to the first shaft (130), and a rotor (121) of the second electric machine (120) is rotationally fixed to the output shaft (140). The drive unit (100) also includes a separating clutch (150) and a connection element (230) for the rotationally fixed connecting of an internal combustion engine, and a first gear ratio step (142) is arranged between the connection element (230) and the shafts (130, 140) with a gear ration i<1. The drive unit (100) has an electro-mechanical parking lock unit (1) with which a rotational movement of the output of the first gear ratio step (142) can be blocked.

Abstract: A method of managing risks and alerts for a system. The system includes source modules and auxiliary modules for identifying actual or potential risks of failures or of malfunctions of the system. A central module of the system serves to determine actual or potential risks of failures or of malfunctions of the system and actual or potential risks associated with parameters external to the system and that might have impacts on operation of the system. Then, an overall risk level is determined by combining the various actual or potential risks and their effects on the system, and then an action and information interface may be controlled as a function of the overall risk level, e.g. for modifying a display of information relating to the system and/or to its environment, or indeed for automatically performing an action on the system.

Abstract: A method and system for controlling high voltage power of an electric vehicle to efficiently control outputs of power control object parts by controlling low-level controllers provided in the power control object parts through a high-level controller having various types of vehicle information, may include a power state monitoring step in which a high-level controller detects power variations in power control object parts through low-level controllers provided in the power control object parts, a power state determination step in which the high-level controller determines a stable power supply state and an unstable power supply state for the power control object parts on the basis of a preset power reference value, and a load output control step in which the high-level controller controls all load outputs for the power control object parts according to the stable power supply state and the unstable power supply state.

Abstract: An actuating device for actuating gear shifting units of a manual transmission has deflectable transmission elements assigned to a respective gear shift unit for changing the gear ratio, a movable actuating element, and gear shift elements assigned thereto. The gear shift elements are movable together with the actuating element and are arranged in two gear shift groups. Dependent on a selecting position of the actuating element, the gear shift elements are coupled with coupling means for deflecting the transmission elements by means of a shifting movement. The shifting movement is independent of the selecting movement. The selecting position can be changed in selecting steps that are delimited by a selecting step length. At least one first gear shift element has an interconnected first gear shift length which is greater than the selecting step length.

Abstract: A system for operating a vehicle, which has an internal combustion engine, an electric machine, a front axle with front wheels, a rear axle with rear wheels and a battery. The system is provided that the electric machine is in a direct force-acting relationship to the rear axle. The system includes at least one primary clutch arrangement, via which the electric machine can be connected to the wheels of at least one axle, and a secondary clutch arrangement via which the electric machine can be connected to the internal combustion engine. For starting the internal combustion engine, the electric machine is to be separated from the wheels of the at least one axle via the at least one primary clutch arrangement and is to be connected to the internal combustion engine via the secondary clutch arrangement.

Abstract: A hybrid vehicle control method for a hybrid vehicle is provided for a drive system including an internal combustion engine, a generator that is driven by the internal combustion engine, and a battery that is charged with electric power generated by the generator. A target power generated by the generator is set and the target engine output is calculated for the internal combustion engine according to the target generated power. The air density in the environment in which the vehicle travels is detected. The target engine output is corrected based on the detected air density with respect to the decrease in air density, and the generated power of the generator is made to follow the target generated power. The execution of air density correction is permitted or stopped depending on an operating state of the drive system.

Abstract: A coasting regeneration control method of a vehicle equipped with a continuously variable valve duration (CVVD) engine includes: determining, by an engine control unit (ECU), whether a current state of the vehicle satisfies coasting regeneration conditions; and entering, by the ECU, a coasting regeneration mode and performing regenerative braking when the current state of the vehicle satisfies the coasting regeneration conditions, in which when the coasting regeneration mode is entered, a throttle valve is fully opened so that the amount of intake air of the engine is maximized, a CVVD target duration is controlled to be maximized, and a closing time of an intake valve is delayed after a start point of time of a compression stroke, thereby decreasing pumping loss of the engine.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method for controlling a hybrid vehicle are provided. The apparatus includes an engine that generates power by combusting fuel and a drive motor that supplements the power from the engine and operates selectively as an electric generator to produce electrical energy. A clutch is disposed between the engine and the drive motor and a battery supplies electrical energy to the drive motor and is charged with the electrical energy produced by the drive motor. Multiple electric superchargers are installed in multiple intake lines through which outside air to be supplied into a combustion chamber of the engine flows. A controller determines an operation mode of the multiple electric superchargers based on required power of a driver and a state of charge (SOC) of the battery and adjusts the power output from the engine and the power output from the drive motor.

Abstract: A thermal management system for an energy storage container includes an enclosed compartment containing an energy storage unit, an air temperature control unit configured to cool an interior of the enclosed compartment, and at least one inverter connected to a coolant circuit, which is separate from the air temperature control unit, and configured to be cooled by a coolant in the coolant circuit. The thermal management system also includes a radiator located outside of the enclosed compartment, the radiator being connected to the coolant circuit, wherein the coolant in the coolant circuit flows through the radiator, and at least one fan located alongside the radiator, outside of the enclosed compartment, the at least one fan being configured to blow air across the radiator to cool the coolant flowing through the radiator.

Abstract: A power transmission device for a hybrid vehicle may include: an engine part; a transfer part configured to transfer power of the engine part; a motor part configured to provide power to the transfer part, and driven when power is applied thereto; and a plurality of torsion damper parts disposed between the engine part and the motor part, and connected in series.

Abstract: A control system for a hybrid vehicle includes: an electric heater configured to heat a catalyst of an internal combustion engine; a position determination unit configured to determine whether the hybrid vehicle is located in an exit area of a low emission zone where operation of the internal combustion engine is supposed to be restricted, the exit area being an area adjacent to a boundary of the low emission zone; and a heater control unit configured to turn on the electric heater when the position determination unit determines that the hybrid vehicle is located in the exit area.

Abstract: An electrical machine includes a stator assembly coupled to an engine stator component of a propulsion engine. The stator assembly includes a stator support assembly fixedly attached to the engine stator component and a stator disposed on the stator support structure. An electrical machine shaft is coupled to an end of a shaft of the propulsion engine via an intermediate shaft member extending axially between the end of the shaft and the electrical machine shaft. A bearing support frame extends from the propulsion engine, the bearing support frame defining a bearing cavity in conjunction with the electrical machine shaft. Electrical machine bearings radially extend from the bearing support frame to rotatably contact the electrical machine shaft. A rotor attached to a rotor support structure attached to the electrical machine shaft. The rotor rotates in conjunction with the electrical machine shaft to exchange energy with the shaft of the propulsion engine.

Abstract: A method of controlling an air compressor motor for a fuel cell vehicle is provide. The method includes calculating a counter electromotive force constant of the air compressor motor based on a voltage and a current of the air compressor motor for the fuel cell vehicle supplying air to a fuel cell stack and a rotation speed of the air compressor motor. The method additionally includes determining whether a permanent magnet of the air compressor motor is demagnetized based on a result of comparison between the calculated counter electromotive force constant value and a pre-set counter electromotive force constant design value.

Abstract: A method of electrically powering a non-voltage-regulated electricity network, and also to an electrical architecture. The electrical architecture comprises: a plurality of sources of electrical energy including both at least one rechargeable electrical energy storage device and also an electrical power generation device a main electricity network electrically connected directly to the sources of electrical energy; and pieces of electrical equipment electrically powered by the main electricity network. The method comprises both a first powering step for electrically powering the main electricity network by the rechargeable electrical energy storage device and also a second powering step for electrically powering the main electricity network by the electrical power generation device, followed by a regulating step for regulating an internal voltage of the electrical power generation device as a function of the first power delivered by the rechargeable electrical energy storage device.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a method for calibrating a drive system for an axle of a motor vehicle; wherein the drive system includes at least one electric machine as the drive unit, a drive shaft driven by the drive unit, a first output shaft and a second output shaft, as well as a first clutch connecting the drive shaft to the first output shaft and a second clutch connecting the drive shaft to the second output shaft.

Abstract: A hybrid powertrain for a vehicle includes a first input shaft connected to an engine, a second input shaft connected to the engine and coaxially mounted with the first input shaft, a motor input shaft coaxially mounted with the first input shaft and connected to a motor, first and second output shafts mounted in parallel to the first input shaft and the second input shaft, first and second drive gears connected to the motor input shaft, a first driven gear engaged with the first drive gear, a second driven gear engaged with the second drive gear, a complex synchronizer to couple and separate the first input shaft and the motor input shaft and to couple and separate the first drive gear and the motor input shaft, a third clutch to couple and separate the second drive gear and the motor input shaft, and a plurality of external gear pairs configured to respectively define different gear ratios.

Abstract: A vehicle is supplied by a first electrical energy storage unit on board the vehicle, and a ground electrical network providing an energy supply by application of a supply voltage through electrical distribution. The first energy storage unit is controllable under a generator regime or a receiver regime. The supply voltage is adjusted, in the generator regime, by applying an algebraically additive supply voltage originating from the first electrical storage unit to the distribution, to maintain a supply voltage above a minimum threshold. In the receiver regime, if a surplus of supply voltage originating at least partially from a second storage unit in the generator regime is detected above the minimum threshold, this surplus is channeled energetically to the first energy storage unit of the vehicle if it is required for operating the vehicle and enables maintaining the supply voltage below a maximum threshold and above the minimum threshold.

Abstract: A turbocharger system may include an air storage tank provided in a vehicle so as to supply compressed air to an intake manifold of the vehicle provided with a turbocharger, a compressor connected to the air storage tank to supply compressed air to the air storage tank, and a compressed air guidance device connected to the air storage tank and provided in the intake manifold to guide mixing of the compressed air of the air storage tank with introduced atmospheric air.

Abstract: A method and a device are provided for operating a pre-lubrication system for an internal combustion engine of a hybrid electrical vehicle after vehicle start up, wherein the hybrid electrical vehicle also comprises. The electric engine is turned on at vehicle start up and the internal combustion engine is turned on at vehicle start up or after a period of time after vehicle start up. The pre-lubrication system comprises an engine control function for controlling the internal combustion engine, monitoring the torque requested by a driver and storing information regarding when the driver requests torque equal to or higher than a predetermined torque threshold. The cranking operation of the internal combustion engine, in order to build up oil pressure and fill the oil circuit with oil, is initiated based on the stored information or when the electrical hybrid vehicle reaches a predetermined vehicle speed threshold.

Abstract: A system and method for operating an engine turbocharger is described. In one example, the turbocharger is rotated in different directions in response to operating conditions. The system and method may reduce engine emissions.

Abstract: A torque management strategy for an HEV having an engine operating with a fixed throttle position to better manage NVH while the vehicle is stationary or decelerating and the engine is generating more torque than a requested torque uses excess engine torque to charge the battery until the requested torque is below a torque loss threshold. Partial fuel injector cut off is avoided to reduce or eliminate associated NVH by adjusting a misfire torque limit to the expected or estimated engine torque produced during operation at the fixed throttle position until the requested torque results in complete fuel cut off to all cylinders.

Abstract: An apparatus for selecting operating conditions of a genset, the apparatus including a processor circuit configured to select a set of operating points from a plurality of operating points of the genset each comprising an engine speed in a generator electrical output value and a plurality of cost values associated with operating the genset at respective operating points such that the sum of the cost values associated with the operating points in said set is minimized and such that the engine speed increases or decreases monotonically with monotonically increasing or decreasing electrical power output values.

Abstract: Upon starting an internal combustion engine for a hybrid vehicle, when the motor revolution speed, transmitted to an engagement device, is equal to or lower than the idle revolution speed of the internal combustion engine, if an engagement ratio is less than 1, the lower the engagement ratio is, the larger the engagement capacity is set, and if the engagement ratio is 1 or more, the engagement capacity is set to 0, wherein the engagement ratio is defined by a ratio of the internal combustion engine revolution speed with respect to the motor revolution speed. When the motor revolution speed is greater than the idle revolution speed, if an idle revolution ratio is less than 1, the lower the idle revolution ratio is, the larger the engagement capacity is set, and if the idle revolution ratio is 1 or more, the engagement capacity is set to 0.

Abstract: Systems and methods for operating an engine that includes an exhaust gas heat recovery system are described. The system may selectively or contemporaneously supply energy from engine exhaust gas to generate electricity or warm the engine. In one example, exhaust gas energy raises a temperature of a heat transfer medium and the heat transfer medium is routed to an engine coolant heat exchanger or an expander via a bypass valve.

Abstract: A starter arrangement for starting a motor vehicle engine, having a starter ring for connecting to a drive shaft, a starter unit for introducing a starter torque into the starter ring via a starter pinion acting on the starter ring, and a clutch connected to the starter ring for coupling the drive shaft to at least one transmission input shaft of a transmission. The clutch is spaced apart in the axial direction from the starter ring by an axial distance s, a forming reserved installation space for positioning an electric machine for a hybrid drive. The starter unit is positioned at least partially, preferably in large part, within the reserved installation space. A smaller installation space requirement for positioning a drive train in a motor vehicle body is possible by the sharing of the reserved installation space provided for the electric machine.

Abstract: A method and a corresponding apparatus for carrying out a reference measurement on a sensor of an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle during an overrun phase of the internal combustion engine, in order to detect measurement errors of the sensor. Provision is made that future overrun phases of the internal combustion engine, and the duration of the overrun phases, are predicted on the basis of route data; and that a reference measurement on the sensor is carried out only when the predicted duration of the overrun phase is long enough to carry out the reference measurement completely. With the method and apparatus presented, the functioning of sensors can be monitored during an overrun phase of a motor vehicle having an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A method of controlling a tandem solenoid starter for an automotive system is disclosed. The automotive system includes an internal combustion engine and a controller. The controller is configured to automatically stop and start the internal combustion engine. If a start of the internal combustion engine is initiated and the engine speed is higher than zero, an engagement between a pinion of the tandem solenoid starter and an engine flywheel gear is operated on the basis of an estimation of the engine speed at the time of engagement. The engine speed estimation is a function of a current engine speed and a current angular position of a crankshaft of the engine.

Abstract: A drive control device for a hybrid vehicle is provided with a differential device including four rotary elements; and an engine, a first electric motor, a second electric motor and an output rotary member which are respectively connected to the four rotary elements. One of the four rotary elements is constituted by a rotary component of a first differential mechanism and a rotary component of a second differential mechanism selectively connected through a clutch, and one of the rotary components is selectively fixed to a stationary member through a brake. The drive control device comprises: an engine drive control portion configured to temporarily change an output torque of the engine when operating states of the clutch and the brake are changed in respective opposite directions to switch a vehicle drive mode from one of drive modes to another.

Abstract: A drive control device for a hybrid vehicle is provided with a differential device including four rotary elements; and an engine, first and second electric motors and an output rotary member which are respectively connected to the four rotary elements. One of the four rotary elements is constituted by a rotary component of a first differential mechanism and a rotary component of a second differential mechanism selectively connected through a clutch, and one of the rotary components is selectively fixed to a stationary member through a brake. The drive control device comprises: an engine stop control portion configured to reduce a speed of the engine with the first electric motor, and then initiate an engaging action of at least one of the clutch and the brake, to stop a rotary motion of the engine, when the engine is required to be stopped.

Abstract: Systems and methods for improving operation of a start/stop vehicle are presented. One method includes deactivating an engine start/stop mode in response to an electrical load of a trailer coupled to a vehicle. By deactivating the engine start/stop mode, it may be possible to conserve consumption of electrical energy and maintain state of battery charge to ensure the vehicle has sufficient electrical energy to restart the engine.

Abstract: Methods and systems for fuel system leak detection are disclosed. In one example approach, a method comprises, during an engine-on condition, delivering fuel from a fuel tank to one or more cylinders of the engine while the fuel tank is sealed off from atmosphere, and indicating a leak based on pressure in the fuel tank. For example, a leak may be indicated in response to a pressure decrease in the fuel tank greater than an expected pressure decrease, where the expected pressure decrease is based on a fuel level in the fuel tank.

Abstract: A power generation system is disclosed. The power generation system includes an electrical converting device and a repowered portion connected to the electrical converting device. The repowered portion includes a reciprocating internal combustion engine and a gearbox. The reciprocating internal combustion engine is connected to the gearbox by a first connecting structure. The gearbox is connected to the electrical converting device by a second connecting structure.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for closed-loop adjusting a laser intensity of a laser ignition device of a hybrid vehicle. The laser intensity applied over consecutive laser ignition events is decreased until a flame quality is degraded for a threshold number of cylinder combustion events. The laser intensity is then increased to improve flame quality and the closed-loop adjustment is reiterated.