Abstract: An anti-skid arrangement for a vehicle is disclosed. The anti-skid arrangement includes a friction wheel including a hub and a ring arranged around the hub, and a chain plate attached to the hub, wherein the chain plate includes several chains intended to be thrown under the tire in order to increase friction between the tire and the ground. The hub includes two parts clamping the ring. Further, an inner side of the ring is provided with grooves extending in a tangential direction along the ring and facing each hub part, and the two parts are provided with protrusions engaging the grooves. The engagement between the tangential grooves and the protrusions in the hub will secure the ring firmly, even when the tread of the ring is worn down.

Abstract: The present invention relates to devices and systems that alter intracranial compliance, cerebral blood flow and/or intracranial pressure pulsatility/waveform by oscillating the contraction and expansion of a compressible composition within the cranial or spinal cavities such that they increase intracranial capacity. The contraction and expansion of the compressible composition in the oscillating compliance devices can be due to an individual's intracranial pressure, the result of the expansion and compression of a reservoir which is mediated by the contractility of the heart or driven by a pump gaited to a biorhythm. The invention also relates to methods for protecting an individual's brain from abnormal arterial pulsations and for altering an individual's cerebral blood flow using the devices and systems of the invention.

Abstract: An hydraulically powered rotary actuator for rotating a first portion of a work machine relative to a second portion of the work machine has inner and outer rings enclosed by first and second cover plates. The inner and outer rings are spaced apart to define an hydraulic power chamber to which pressurized fluid is supplied to rotate one of the inner or outer rings. The first portion of the work machine is connected to the rotatable ring and rotates with it. A large diameter bearing assembly rotatably supports the rotatable ring and the first portion of the work machine. Most prior work machines with rotatable car or upper structure require large expensive components including gear reduction assemblies, an hydraulic motor, and large diameter swing gear. The subject actuator simplifies the construction by eliminating many of the prior components.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a two dimensional drive system driven by fluid pressure. The drive system of the present invention comprises: a pair of X-guides; a pair of Y-guides; an X-rod whose each end is slidably attached to each Y-guide; a Y-rod whose each end is slidably attached to each X-guide; an X-piston section being provided at the midway of the X-rod; a Y-piston section being provided at the midway of the Y-rod; and a moving body having an X-chamber through which the X-rod is pierced and a Y-chamber through which the Y-rod is pierced, the X-chamber being divided into two subchambers by the X-piston section, the Y-chamber being divided into two subchambers by the Y-piston section. With this structure, the moving body is capable of moving in a plane by selectively supplying fluid to each subchamber.

Abstract: A reciprocable drive mechanism has a fluid pressure operable ram controlled by a spool valve, a two-position valve and a braking valve. During a powered stroke of the ram, the spool valve closes an exhaust path of the two-position valve so that the latter remains in a first position in which pressure fluid is obliged to flow through the braking valve, in a fully opened condition, to the cylinder of the ram. At the end of the powered stroke the spool valve is shifted to a second position in which it permits exhausting of fluid through the two-position valve, and as a result of change of differential pressure in the latter, the pressure fluid previously obliged to flow through the braking valve is permitted to flow to exhaust. The braking valve is then less open, so the ram carries out its return stroke at a slower rate.

Abstract: An improved hydraulic swing mechanism for a material handling implement, such as a backhoe, includes a multi-position, hydraulic sequencing valve for directing the flow of hydraulic fluid to hydraulic motors which rotate the swing tower and boom of the implement. A unique valve operating mechanism is provided for selectively repositioning the sequencing valve as the boom and swing tower are rotated in order to improve the operating characteristics of the swing mechanism. The valve operating mechanism includes a pivoted, frame mounted actuating arm connected with the sequencing valve by a lost-motion linkage, and flexible linkages connecting the actuating arm with the hydraulic motors of the swing mechanism.

Abstract: Servoactuator includes a pair of double-acting linear actuators providing for 360.degree. controlled rotation of an output shaft. The rotary motion of the ouput shaft is employed to sequence high pressure fluid flow and return for the same to the respective ends of the respective actuators so that both actuators continuously develop output force except for end stroke points. Shimmy damping may also be obtained by a bypass-damping valve which comprises a shuttle movable to a first position by high pressure fluid for controlled operation of the servoactuator and to a second position by removal of the high pressure fluid to direct fluid flow between the respective actuators through a damping orifice.

Abstract: An actuator (10) for effecting relative pivotal movement between two structures (12, 14) includes a bent beam member (18) having a first portion (20) rotatably secured to one structure and a second portion (22) supported for rotation and eccentric revolution by a housing (42) grounded to the other structure. Index gears (64, 66) assure eccentric revolution of the beam member (18) in an opposite direction in response to rotation of the bent beam member to produce relative pivotal movement between the beam members (20, 22). In the first two embodiments, the actuators (10, 120) incorporate internal hydraulic or electric drive arrangements. In other embodiments, the actuators (150, 172, 250, 270) employ various planetary type gear arrangements to achieve even greater mechanical advantage. In the last embodiment, both portions (304, 306) of the bent beam member (302) of the actuator (300) are driven and supported for eccentric revolution.

Abstract: A driving mechanism for a vehicle wheel includes a housing and piston-cylinder assemblies pivoted to side plates of the housing. Each assembly communicates with hydraulic fluid under pressure and a reciprocating piston rod of each assembly drives a pinion through a surrounding eccentric and driving ring when the assembly is rocked about its pivot connection. The assemblies with corresponding pinions are located around and in mesh with the outer periphery of a central pinion that is fixed to an output shaft to rotate the wheel. As each assembly rocks, a sliding valve within a control valve housing opens and closes return and inlet fluid ducts. An anchorage links each sliding valve to the housing for the mechanism. The latter housing affords the connection between the wheel and the vehicle frame and includes two spaced apart plates with strips between the plates that leave upper and lower blocks.

Abstract: Each of two drive wheels on a vehicle is independently driven by a wheel motor having four single acting hydraulic cylinders. Both wheel motors are supplied by a common engine driven pump. Two forward speeds are provided by a valve arrangement which can circulate the hydraulic fluid through all four, or only two, cylinders of each motor. Valves in a pair of valve units are shifted rapidly by camshafts and snap acting mechanisms to control the motor cylinders. Reverse drive is accomplished by a timing adjustment of the camshafts. The conventional gear differential, speed change gears and reversing gears are thereby eliminated.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine wherein a piston element with rectilinear sides operates within a movable cylinder-piston element having rectilinear sidewalls, and wherein the combustion chamber has a polyhedral shape. Rotatable crankshafts are mounted in each of the piston and cylinder-piston elements so that said elements follow gyratory paths in opposite directions to effect a variable volume combustion chamber. A cylindrical valve member is rotated in timed sequence to the rotation of the crankshafts so that intake and exhaust ports are sequentially opened and closed during the combustion cycles. One or both of the crankshafts may operate or be joined to a drive shaft or shafts for work output, said crankshafts being interconnected by gear means to coordinate gyratory movement of the piston and cylinder-piston elements.