Abstract: The invention relates to an abutment arrangement for limiting the stroke of a piston and cylinder actuator. The abutment arrangement comprises an integrated detector which may be in the form of a proximity feeler screwed into a guard housing. The abutment arrangement may be furthermore so designed that it prevents twisting of the piston rod in the cylinder.

Abstract: The Compressor is small, compact and lightweight in that it is formed of the barest essentials. It has a pair of in-line cylinders, with pistons reciprocatable therein, and the crankshaft, having only one crank, is drivingly coupled to one of the pistons. The other piston is fastened to the crank-driven piston, in spaced-apart disposition, for a common reciprocation of the two. One of the cylinders serves as the crankcase.

Abstract: Apparatus and method are provided for resiliently clamping a redraw cup (82) against a redraw die (34) in a crank and slide press (144) of the type having a redraw carriage assembly (12) that includes a redraw sleeve (62), and for slidably mounting the redraw carriage assembly (12) to the crank and slide press (144). The apparatus for resiliently clamping the redraw cup (82) against the redraw die (34) includes a fluid actuator (58) that is disposed circumferentially around the longitudinal axis (20) of the redraw die (34) and circumferentially around the redraw punch (46). The apparatus for slidably mounting the redraw carriage assembly to the crank and slide press includes guide rails (86a, 86b, 90a, and 90b) and pluralities of rollers (126a-126d).

Abstract: A spring-return type actuator for valves including a piston cylinder mechanism, a movement conversion-transmission means disposed in the piston cylinder mechanism for converting reciprocation of a piston into a rotary motion of a valve drive shaft, a spring mechanism disposed in series relative to the piston cylinder mechanism, and a plurality of tie rods each including a male member having one end thereof attached to a flange portion of one side wall of the spring mechanism and having an external thread portion, and a female member having one end thereof screwed into a flange portion of the other side wall of the spring mechanism and having an internal thread portion helically meshed with the external thread portion of the male member and having a winglike member attached to the outer periphery thereof for engaging the female member with the outer periphery of the spring box to prevent the female member from rotating, and each tie rod having a length set larger than the free length of a spring when assumed i

Abstract: A rotary actuator of the rack and pinion type having a two-piece rack and piston assembly. This rack and piston assembly comprises a rack insert and a one-piece piston member, which includes a piston at each end, a connecting strut extending from one piston to the other and means for retaining the rack insert in such manner that the rack is free to float in any direction except longitudinally but is constrained from longitudinal movement.

Abstract: The actuator has a plurality of springs in a circular array, for effecting return movement of two pistons slidable in a bore in the actuator body and each having a rack portion meshing with a pinion on an output shaft extending perpendicularly of the axis of the bore, the springs being each arranged in individual seatings defined by blind holes in the pistons and a circular array of through holes in apertured disc members, and being maintained in position by means of a respective flanged apertured spring guide carrying an end cap adjustably held on to the spring guide by a hollow screw with an internal threaded through hole therein a threaded rod is engaged effective to act as a piston stroke limit member.

Abstract: Rotary actuator of the rack and pinion type. The rotary actuator has a rack with a generally cylindrical outer surface having a recess which receives a rack bearing and an arcuate rack bearing which is received in that recess. The rack bearing has an arcuate, convex outer bearing surface and an arcuate concave inner surface which abuts the rack and the rack has a recessed outer surface which conforms in shape to the inner surface of the rack bearing. The rotary actuator may have two racks as shown. The rotary actuator has a pair of floating pistons associated with each rack.

Abstract: An improved mechanism having a housing defining a gas pressure sustaining chamber for an engine, compressor, or the like, including a double-acting movable partition within the chamber providing alternate expansion and compression of the chamber's sections on opposite sides thereof. The movable partition comprises two rectangular plates in end-abutting relation having their adjacent ends pivotally mounted on a rotatable crank pin on which they undergo limited pivotal motion with respect to each other. The outer ends and sides of the partition plate make a sealing, sliding engagement with adjacent walls of the chamber and the outer ends are constrained to undergo reciprocating motion along substantially parallel lines.

Abstract: Compressed air fed into a directional control sleeve is alternatingly delivered to two cylinders via a directional control valve. Pistons within the respective cylinders are each provided with a rack gear moved by feeding compressed air into the cylinders. A grindstone attached to a second set of rack gears is reciprocated through pinion gears by movement of the first-mentioned rack gears. As the grindstone reciprocates, a valve operating arm pivotally supported by a pin is caused to rotate back and forth to switch the directional control valve, thereby switching the cylinder that receives the compressed air. The grinding machine is thus capable of performing grinding in continuous fashion.

Abstract: An improved filling machine with tandem-operated diaphragm filling units is disclosed. The filling machine comprises a plurality of individual filling units operated in common from a common drive bar.

Abstract: A diaphragm pump for use for artesian bores, simple in construction and easy to maintain. The diaphragm pump has a rectangular box-like main body with a shaft having an eccentric formed on the shaft to provide the driving force for the pump. Rectangular diaphragms are provided which, together with arcuate side plates, define the respective pumping chambers of the pump. A cage configuration of a rightangular tubular construction surrounds the rectangular box-like main body. Inlet and outlet manifolds are provided with corresponding valves for entry of water into the pump and for the exit of water from the pump.

Abstract: A dual stage hydraulic actuator (9) for actuation of an expanding gate valve (10). The actuator is mountable to the valve housing and comprises a housing 40 which defines a piston chamber 41 and a primary piston (61) slidably received therein. An actuator stem (23) connects the piston (61) to the valve gate assembly (20). A secondary piston (77), of smaller piston area than the primary piston (61), is slidably received in a piston receiving bore (75) which is formed in the fluid receiving face of the primary piston. A piston rod (80) connects coaxially with the piston (77) and extends through the end (52) of the actuator housing. The actuator is responsive to hydraulic fluid pressure which when applied through an inlet (71) of the actuator housing to one side of the pistons (61, 77) drives the actuator stem and gate assembly to an operational open or closed position of the valve.

Abstract: In a pressurized operated actuator (1) for stepwise regulation of valves between at least three distinct positions, one end-wall has been removed and replaced with an auxiliary actuator (19) having a piston (21) whose piston area exceeds the sum of the areas of the conventional pistons (5 and 6) of the firstmentioned actuator. The piston (21) of the auxiliary actuator has a piston rod (22) which extends into the cylinder chamber (2a) of the actuator. Its stroke equals half the length of the stroke of the rods (7 and 8) of two conventional pistons (5 and 6). The firstmentioned piston rod (22) limits the movement of the pistons (5 and 6) of the actuator in a direction away from one another. In this way, there can be obtained a distinct intermediate position for the rotary settings of the actuator.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine in which a rotor or turbine is driven by the exhaust gases of interconnected double acting pistons. The three parallel pistons are interconnected by pinion gears engaging racks on the sides of the pistons. Improved mechanisms are disclosed for coordination of the movement of the pistons, the manner in which the intake and exhaust valves are operated, the manner in which the engine is started, and the manner in which the firing of spark plugs is timed. A control wheel is provided for starting and valve operation. A cam connected to the pinion gears operates sets of points to fire the spark plugs.

Abstract: A fluid pressure cylinder of the rodless type having a reciprocally movable piston, an elongated slot within the cylinder and an improved sealing element for successively sealing the elongated slot during movement of the piston. The improved sealing element is constructed of a generally flexible material and includes a sealing portion for creating a seal against the inner side wall of the cylinder adjacent to the elongated slot and a portion which is adapted for at least partial insertion wthin the slot so as to retain the seal member within the slot during an absence of pressure within the cylinder.

Abstract: A single acting steam engine wherein means are provided for auxiliary exhaust through the piston when an auxiliary exhaust poppet valve is open and the auxiliary exchange passages of the piston register with exhaust ports in the cylinder wall. The opening and closing of the auxiliary exhaust poppet valve are responsive to the rate of reciprocation of the pistons. A multiple of said engines may be utilized in combination to provide a multiple cylinder power plant. The engines drive a swash plate, which is formed with recessed, annular thrust surfaces. Projecting at right angles from the recessed, thrust surfaces are exhaust cams that engage valve stems through cam followers for actuating the same. The valve stems actuate the exhaust valves. The throat thickness of the swash plate between the recessed annular thrust surfaces is of uniform dimension along the circumferential paths thereof.

Abstract: A drum brake hydraulic wheel cylinder assembly comprises a pair of piston assemblies and an abutment member. The piston assemblies are of the kind comprising an adjustable variable length tappet assembly having interengaged screw-threaded components. To enable thrust to be transmitted from one adjacent brake shoe to the other, i.e. for parking purposes, the abutment member is slidable in the cylinder bore against a spring centering device.

Abstract: A high pressure gate valve apparatus provides an elongated cylindrical valve body providing a fluid conveying linear cylindrical longitudinal bore of substantially uniform configuration. A gate valving member is movable within the valve body entirely within the confines of the valve body and not projecting laterally therebeyond. The valve member is movable at generally right angles to and intersecting the fluid conveying bore with the gate valving member providing a flow opening therethrough, the valving member being movable within the valve body between open flow and closed flow positions. A pair of spaced generally parallel cylindrical drive chamber is provided on the valve body substantially parallel to the central flow conveying bore.

Abstract: To prevent distortion of the cylinder, and free running of the motion transfer element (6) thereon, in guide tracks (12) formed on the outside of the cylinder, the piston (5) is formed in two piston parts (22, 22') connected by a piston rod or pin (26, 26', 26a, 26a', 26b, 26b', 26c, 26c', 26d, 26d'), and the motion transfer element (6) is coupled to the piston rod or pin by a pair of fork-like portions (20) surrounding the pin and permitting limited radial movement. The pin or piston rod may be somewhat flexible, or made of flexible material, for example unitary with the piston parts (22, 22') and of plastic material, or may be made in two portions or parts (22, 22'; 22a, 22a' . . . ), each individually coupled to the fork-shaped element or merely retaining the fork-shaped element in position with end shoulders (25, 25') of the piston part axially engaging the fork-shaped element and hence transferring motion to the motion transmitting element (6).

Abstract: A piston for a swash plate type compressor is disclosed in which a plurality of similar pistons are reciprocated to provide a compressing operation by means of a swash plate which is mounted on the drive shaft and rotated in the compressor cylinder. The piston comprises a piston main body or blank made of aluminium or aluminium alloy, and a coating layer applied to the overall surface of the piston blank except central portions of both outer end faces of the blank, said coating layer being of ethylene fluoride or a copolymer of ethylene fluoride and a vinyl compound, the heat conductivity of which is lower than that of the piston blank.

Abstract: A spring-applied, air-released parking/emergency brake is combined with an air-actuated service brake through a friction clutch between the parking/emergency brake piston and a first nut member that is threaded onto a screw rod of the service piston. The screw rod and service piston are connected through another friction clutch. The screw rod is provided with a second nut member that is integral with a thrust rod to which the brake rigging is connected. A friction lock slack adjuster arrangement limits retraction of the thrust rod during brake release in accordance with the desired brake shoe clearance to be maintained. When the thrust rod movement is inhibited by the slack adjuster, the service piston clutch becomes disengaged to permit rotation of the screw rod during the release stroke of the service piston corresponding to overtravel due to shoe wear. Brake shoe clearance is thus maintained constant.

Abstract: Apparatus for generating linear motion comprises a body on one end of which is mounted a cylinder. A piston in the cylinder is joined to an actuating beam extending into the body. The actuating beam has moving surfaces that cooperate with fixed surfaces in the body to define a linear bearing. Fluid under pressure is introduced through a duct in the body to a port in the fixed surface of the linear bearing. It enters the space in the cylinder above the piston via a port in a moving surface of the actuating beam which leads to a duct in the actuating beam that opens through the crown of the piston. A resilient sealing member between the fixed and moving surface of the linear bearing maintains fluid-tight communication between the fixed and movable part over their range of relative movement. The actuating beam may carry a rack that drives a pinion through ninety degrees as the piston travels, and two opposed cylinders may be provided to give a reciprocatory movement, or a spring return may be provided.

Abstract: A reciprocating compressor comprises a piston body reciprocally movably disposed within a cylinder housing and having first and second pistons which are coaxially aligned with each other. The first and second pistons define respectively first and second chambers within the cylinder housing. Intake and discharge valves are provided to allow therethrough a fluid to be sucked into and to be discharged out of each cylinder chamber, respectively. Additionally, the compressor is provided with a device for changing the rotary motion of a drive shaft into the reciprocating motion of the piston body. Accordingly, the compressor becomes small-sized and light in weight and is simplified in construction, thereby considerably reducing parts thereof.

Abstract: A compact rotary power cylinder including a pair of pistons fitted in a cylinder housing, separating the housing into a first chamber and a pair of second chambers, so as to be reciprocally movable when a pressure impact is supplied selectively to the first and second chambers, and a torque stem provided through the housing perpendicularly to the reciprocal motion of the pistons so as to be rotatable in response to the reciprocal motion, in which a pair of connecting members are provided between the stem and the pistons so as to be movable in a radial direction of the stem.A relatively large breakaway torque is achieved with such structure.

Abstract: Engines, pumps and compressors having one or more pistons mechanically connected to a crankshaft (30; 100; 200) incorporates an eccentric disc (35, 35; 111, 112; 210) skewered by and mounted on a crankshaft crankpin (34; 101; 201-203). The eccentric disc is either a part of the piston (220) or is itself the piston (35, 36; 111, 112), and it tangentially engages the internal sidewall (42, 43) of the cylinder or "piston Chamber" so as to receive the brunt of the piston side force. The eccentric disc may also include a freely rollable peripheral portion (90; 115) to minimize internal frictional resistance and wear. The embodiment of FIG. 3 additionally features the combination of double-acting pistons; a four-to-one piston-stroke to crankpin-offset ratio; and two 90.degree. out-of-phase eccentric discs rigidly connected together side-by-side with each eccentric disc contained in a different piston chamber that are banked 90.degree. from one another.

Abstract: A piston machine, e.g. an internal-combustion engine, compressor or pump, in which a piston is reciprocatable in a cylinder and crankshaft is provided with an eccentric pin received in a transverse slot of the piston and preferably in a massive portion of the body thereof, so that piston rods and the like are avoided.

Abstract: A fluid motor or pump that has a front wall, four corner conduits, two lateral conduits, a chamber, two pistons, a piston rod and a crank, in which the rotary motion of the crank is transformed to a vertical sliding motion of the chamber and a horizontal sliding motion of the pistons, that result in continuous fluid motion or vice versa. The front wall supports the crankshaft and the corner conduits. The corner conduits hold and communicate with the lateral conduits. The lateral conduits communicate with the chamber internal areas and allow the chamber to slide. The chamber controls the fluid flow and allows the pistons, joined by the piston rod, to slide. The pistons' sliding motion causes the fluid to flow and the piston rod to move. The piston rod movement causes continuous rotary motion of the crankshaft or vice versa.

Abstract: A variable displacement axial piston machine is disclosed having a piston guide cylinder stationarily aligned with an axial working piston cylinder. A single-headed piston has a piston head at one end reciprocally mounted in the working cylinder and a piston guide at the opposite end reciprocally mounted and guided in the guide cylinder to maintain axial alignment (prevent tilting) of the piston head in its cylinder during piston reciprocation. A shaft is supported for rotation about an axis extending longitudinally of and radially spaced from the piston and its cylinders and a rotary swash plate with flat parallel sides is fixedly drivingly and pivotally interconnected with the shaft so that the swash plate rotates with the shaft while being pivotal about a pivot axis transverse to the shaft axis.

Abstract: A yoke with an elliptical slot in it is driven by a reciprocating motion in guide by a circular cam carried off-center to a rotating shaft. The minor axis of the ellipse is equal to the cam diameter and is parallel to the direction of reciprocating motion. The major axis is equal to the cam diameter plus twice the off-center distance of the cam. The yoke may be attached to a piston in a compressor by a connecting rod, or may be formed as a portion of the piston.

Abstract: A piston engine in which opposedly working pistons are rigidly connected to each other by a hollow carrier through which the engine shaft extends. The carrier has interior wall portions with a series of staggered projections thereon. The shaft has a stack of toothed discs fixedly mounted thereon. The series of staggered projections are arranged to successively engage and push the teeth of the toothed discs to apply rotational torque to the engine shaft as the carrier reciprocates.

Abstract: The drive cylinder comprises: an elongated rigid element having an internal chamber in which is located a rod guide dividing the chamber into two compartments; the rod, adapted to move longitudinally within the chamber, carries at one end a piston accommodated in one compartment and, at the other end, a head accommodated in the other compartment; a longitudinal aperture is arranged in the body of the cylinder, allowing a drive finger, secured to the head of the rod, to extend to the outside of the rigid element and to impart, to a slide carried by the cylinder, a longitudinal movement parallel with the axis of the cylinder.

Abstract: A gearshift device for shifting gears to control pistons including a gearshift lever attached to a rocking shaft operated directly by a piston in a cylinder. The rocking shaft and cylinder are transverse each other, and a recess in the piston accommodates the rocking shaft. Through an engaging tooth and recess arrangement swivel action of the shaft and shift lever is effected. Alternative engaging formations may be provided. The casing for the gearshift may be integral the gearbox casing or a separate compact unit.

Abstract: A method for adjustment and/or indication of a liquid or gaseous pressure, and advice for utilization of the method, including the use of a piston member (7, 7'), movably arranged in a surrounding housing (1), said member having two towards each other acting piston areas with different area, said piston areas being made subject to a pressure from the liquid or gaseous medium, a mechanical load also being supplied to the smaller piston area, whereby the piston surfaces only perform a common movement when the media pressure exceeds a predetermined limiting value, which limiting value comprises of resulting force for the force developed by the smaller piston area under influence of supplied media pressure and added mechanical force, said movement, when predetermined limiting value is exceeded, being arranged to influence a flow restricting valve member and/or indicate the pressure of supplied media.

Abstract: A high pressure gate valve apparatus provides an elongated cylindrical valve body providing a fluid conveying linear cylindrical longitudinal bore of substantially uniform configuration. A gate valving member is movable within the valve body entirely within the confines of the valve body and not projecting laterally therebeyond. The valve member is movable at generally right angles to and intersecting the fluid conveying bore with the gate valving member providing a flow opening therethrough, the valving member being movable within the valve body between open flow and closed flow positions. A pair of spaced generally parallel cylindrical drive chamber is provided on the valve body substantially parallel to the central flow conveying bore.

Abstract: An FCB-making machine is provided with an adjustable faucet that is energized by a pressurized fluid such as carbon dioxide or air, which is controlled by a momentary-contact switch-actuated three-way solenoid valve. Dispensing is started by depressing the switch and terminated by releasing the switch (or automatically). By using this valve many conventional liquid drink dispensers, milkshake freezers and similar machines may be converted to the production of FCB's. A provision is made for performing faucet seal repairs without affecting the pressure or contents of the machine.

Abstract: An actuator device used with an engine-idle control system of an automobile provided with an air-conditioner, and is adapted so as to operate an operating rod in association with a throttle valve opening lever of an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: A cylinder assembly comprises a cylinder having a bore, a bearing therein and an extension bore. A head on the cylinder removably mounts and retains a gland assembly including a piston rod seal and wiper. A piston rod is reciprocally mounted within the bore and bearing and at its outer end mounts a stop plate assembly engageable with the cylinder head. The stop plate assembly is removable from the piston rod which is retractable into the extension bore, the outer end of the piston rod being inward of the wiper and seal, to permit removal and replacement of the seal and wiper. The method of replacing the seal and wiper from a cylinder assembly without disassembling the assembly or disconnecting the assembly from its support includes the steps of removing the stop plate assembly from the rod, retracting the rod into the bore extension until the front end of the rod clears the wiper and seal and removing and replacing the seal and wiper.

Abstract: A negative pressure booster wherein a brake master cylinder of an automobile is boosted and operated under negative pressure. The booster comprises a booster shell, a booster piston to divide the interior of the booster shell into a first and second actuator chambers, a valve cylinder, a valve piston received in the valve cylinder and a resilient valve body. During the retraction of the valve piston, the retracting force thereof is supported on the resilient valve body so that as the retracting force increases, the gap between the first valve seat and the valve portion increases.

Abstract: A valve driving apparatus comprising a case proper provided in the interior thereof with a movement conversion-transmission mechanism, a cylinder mechanism freely detachably fixed to one end of the case proper and a piston rod supporting mechanism freely detachably fixed to the other end of the case proper so as to be applicable to any kind of valve merely by the replacement of the mechanisms between which the case proper intervenes.

Abstract: A valve driving apparatus is provided with cylindrical bearing members made of a synthetic resin or a copper alloy and used for a piston rod and for a drive shaft, a lining member made of a synthetic resin for coating the inner wall of an apparatus and a resilient member made of a synthetic rubber or a synthetic resin and inserted in a groove of a piston so as to protect the valve driving apparatus from the disadvantages of wear, frictional resistance and energy loss which are produced by a reciprocating movement of the piston and the piston rod. Also a valve driving apparatus utilizing a scotch yoke type movement conversion-transmission mechanism is provided with cylindrical bearing members made of a synthetic resin or a copper alloy and attached to pins installed on a piston rod so as to prevent the aforementioned disadvantages from occurring between the pins and the scotch yokes.

Abstract: The piston metering pump has a motor operated eccentric which reciprocates a piston assembly. The piston assembly has two separate portions connected by spaced wire or rod members. One of said portions supports the piston and the other portion supports a coaxial stroke adjustment member.

Abstract: An improved electro-pneumatic monitor for double safety valves controlled by solenoid-operated pilot valves. The monitor comprises a relatively short spool centrally held by oppositely disposed captive springs. The sensing passages are provided with relatively small orifices which help to de-sensitize the monitor. The resulting construction is resistant to shifting in response to minor double valve irregularities which otherwise could create undesired lockout conditions.

Abstract: The invention relates to master cylinder and actuator assemblies in which a push rod connected to the actuator extends forwardly through a vehicle mounting member and is engageable at its forward end with a piston, there normally being a clearance between the push rod and the piston in their inoperative positions. Such assemblies suffer from the disadvantage that a desired working clearance is difficult to attain due to manufacturing tolerances. Embodiments of the present invention overcome that disadvantage and provide an assembly which includes a lateral projection (10) on the push rod (5), which projection limits rearward movement of the push rod relative to the mounting member (3).

Abstract: A valve actuator has at least one piston in a cylindrical chamber that has a segmental skirt provided with transverse teeth on its chordal face meshing with lengthwise teeth on the hub of a rotor extending diametrically through the chamber with one rotor end exposed and provided with a portion for mating engagement with a valve stem portion when the valve is clamped to the actuator. Air is delivered into the chamber on opposite sides of the piston and the skirt is provided with anti-friction elements. Single and dual piston embodiments are disclosed as well as the use of springs by which the valve is operated in a wanted manner in the event of loss of piston operating pressures.

Abstract: A jack comprising a cylinder and a piston, the piston being reciprocal in the cylinder by means of pressure fluid. A piston rod extends out through an end wall of the cylinder. An abutment is fixed to the cylinder or connected to the piston rod. A restricting member, connected to the piston rod or the cylinder, is axially displaceable thereon for engagement with the abutment in any relative position between the piston and the cylinder. A locking device can be connected to the cylinder or the restricting member to lock the latter when engaging the abutment.

Abstract: A reciprocating piston device, such as a pressure pump, a vacuum pump or a compressor comprising a cylinder and a piston reciprocable in the cylinder. The piston includes a piston body having a cavity therein and a pivot arm mounted on the piston body for pivotal movement in the cavity. The pivot arm has a passage therein which is within the piston body and which receives a rotatable drive member, such as an eccentric. As the eccentric is rotated, the piston is reciprocated within the cylinder with the pivotal movement of the pivot arm accommodating one component of movement of the eccentric.

Abstract: A vacuum type brake booster device including an input rod with an adjustable stop mechanism for enabling the input rod to have such a normal, full-retracted position as to hold the booster control valve in a neutral position to keep the second working chamber of the booster out of communication with the first working chamber thereof as well as with the atmosphere while holding the booster output rod in direct abutting engagement with the brake master cylinder piston. There is no delay in operation of the brake master cylinder when the brake pedal is depressed.

Abstract: The instant invention relates to an electrically operated control which operates the displacement setting mechanism of a variable displacement pump and allows the displacement mechanism to be manually operated when the electrically operated control is disabled.

Abstract: The invention relates to a thrust reverser for a jet engine of an aircraft, which comprises two symmetrical doors pivotally mounted about an axis which is transverse and substantially diametrical to the jet of said engine and which is disposed downstream of the jet exhaust pipe thereof, the doors each being pivoted due to two diametrically opposite hinges and occupying a folded or stowed position in which they form part of the fairing of the engine or fuselage of the aircraft, or an unfolded or opened out position in which they are disposed transversely to the jet, while at least one longitudinal jack is provided at the level of a hinge, for the simultaneous control of the doors via connecting rods.

Abstract: A dual area tangent piston is provided that includes two integrally conned pistons of different cross-sectional areas with the pistons being non-concentric and aligned at one side along a common line at a common tangent point of each piston area.