Abstract: A combination of piston rings assembled to a piston includes a first compression ring, a second compression ring, a third compression ring and an oil ring. When an axial width of the first compression ring is h1(1), an axial width of the second compression ring is h1(2), an axial width of the third compression ring is h1(3) and an axial width of the oil ring is h1(4), h1(1)?h1(2) and h1(1)?h1(3), and when h1(TOTAL)=h1(1)+h1(2)+h1(3)+h1(4), h1(TOTAL)?3.9 mm.

Abstract: Piston (1) of an internal combustion engine, which piston is designed in structured construction, comprising two oppositely arranged load-bearing skirt wall portions (2), wherein a connecting wall (3) respectively extends, starting from a pin boss (4), in the direction of the side edge of the load-bearing skirt wall portions (2), characterized in that in an interior of the piston (1) is (are) disposed at least one rib (5, 6, 7), preferably three ribs (5, 6, 7), and the material of the regions around the at least one rib (5, 6, 7) is reduced.

Abstract: A steel piston (1) for a combustion engine, having an upper part in which a ring section (7) with at least one ring groove (8) is arranged, wherein the upper part is adjoined by a lower part that has two opposing skirt wall sections (2), wherein the two skirt wall sections (2) are connected via two mutually opposite case walls (3), wherein a pin bore (4) surrounded by a piston boss (6) is provided in each case wall (3). In one example, there is at least one aperture (14) or at least one recess in the case wall (3) in the region between the piston boss (6) and the skirt wall section (2).

Abstract: The invention relates to a piston for an internal combustion engine formed from a lower part and an upper part which are threadingly connected to one another to form a piston. In one example, an anti-rotation safeguard device is used to prevent unwanted rotation of the upper part relative to the lower part. In another example, a forged extension and a nut are used to obtain a prestress during operation of the piston. In another example, a cooling gallery including extension bores are used to increase the cooling capacity.

Abstract: A piston (10) for an internal combustion engine includes a groove (16) for an oil wiper ring and a recess (18) between the groove (16) and at least one shaft wall (20). A lower edge of the groove (16), which is closer to the shaft wall (20), has a larger diameter than a lower edge of the recess (18).

Abstract: An internal combustion engine has a brace and/or an engine block mounting system coupled to the engine block and arranged to reinforce and minimize deformation of the engine block. The reinforcement and reduced deformation of the engine block allows a lubrication system to provide reduced oil pressure to minimized clearances between mating internal engine components in relative motion. Meanwhile, permanent magnets are disposed in the piston, the connecting rods, and/or the crankshaft. Electromagnets are disposed in the engine block, the cylinder head, the brace, and/or the oil pan. A control system selectively provides an electrical current to the electromagnets to produce a desired magnetic field and affect the motion of the crankshaft. In at least one embodiment, the brace has a circular structure that surrounds part of the crankshaft and supports the plurality of electromagnets. In other embodiments, the brace is coupled to the main caps that support the crankshaft.

Abstract: A mono-tube type hydraulic shock absorber includes a cylinder, a free piston that partitions the inside of the cylinder into a liquid chamber in which a hydraulic fluid is filled and a gas chamber in which a gas is filled, a piston slidably inserted into the cylinder, the piston partitioning the liquid chamber into two working chambers, a sealing ring provided on an outer periphery of the free piston, the sealing ring being configured to seal between the cylinder and the free piston, and a lubricating oil enclosed within the gas chamber to lubricate between the sealing ring and the cylinder.

Abstract: A piston for an internal combustion engine includes a piston crown connected to and above a body portion of the piston. The body portion forms two pin bores and the piston crown defines an outer cylindrical wall. At least one piston ring seal groove is formed in the outer cylindrical wall and extends peripherally around the piston crown. A first oil collection groove is formed in the outer cylindrical wall below the piston ring seal groove. The first oil collection groove has a first width measured along a centerline of the piston. A second oil collection groove is formed in the outer cylindrical wall below the first oil collection groove, extends parallel to the first oil collection groove around the entire periphery of the piston, and has a width that is at least double the width of the first oil collection groove.

Abstract: A piston for an internal combustion engine has a piston head and a piston skirt. The piston head has a circumferential ring belt and a circumferential cooling channel. The piston skirt has a working surface assigned to its major thrust side and to its minor thrust side. A bore that proceeds from the cooling channel is provided, which ends in the working surface assigned to the major thrust side, and is disposed at an incline, in such a manner that the bore exit encloses an acute angle (?) with the center axis (M) of the piston. An opening is formed in the working surface, and a deflection surface inclined relative to the working surface is provided between the bore and the bore exit. The working surface assigned to the major thrust side has a depression which forms at least one oil capture region above the opening.

Abstract: A piston has a pair of diametrically opposite skirt portions with convex outer surfaces. Each skirt portion has opposite side edges extending substantially parallel to a central axis of the piston to a free end. The skirt portions each have a recessed slot extending radially into the convex outer surface to a recessed surface. The recessed surface extends fully across the convex outer surface to the side edges and separates an upper band section of the convex outer surface from a lower band section of the convex outer surface.

Abstract: A method of making an aluminum piston is described. In one embodiment, the method includes placing a oil gallery core in a mold, the oil gallery core comprising a metal tube connected to a hollow inlet tube and a hollow outlet tube; introducing liquid aluminum into the mold around the oil gallery core; and allowing the liquid aluminum to solidify, the oil gallery core forming a channel in the piston. Aluminum pistons are also described.

Abstract: A piston has a pair of diametrically opposite skirt portions each having an opening providing fluid communication between an outer surface of the skirt portions and an internal cavity. The openings provide the outer surfaces of the skirt portions with a circumferentially extending upper band portion above a horizontal plane extending through a pin bore axis and a circumferentially extending lower band portion below the horizontal plane.

Abstract: A piston has a piston head that is provided with a field of rings and a piston shaft which is disposed thereupon. The piston shaft is equipped with supporting shaft wall sections and rear connecting walls which interconnect the shaft wall sections, have an arched shape, and are fitted with a bolt bore. An undercut free space is provided below the annular field in the area of the bolt bore in the region of the piston head. An arched zone is disposed in the interior of the piston at the transition from the bolt bore in the direction of the shaft wall session.

Abstract: A three-piece oil ring and a combination of the three-piece oil ring and a piston, those capable of realizing improved sealing property and reduction in lubrication oil consumption with avoiding generation of sticking even at low tension and thin width of the ring. The three-piece oil ring includes a spacer expander 10 and two side rails. The spacer expander has a radially inner end portion provided with seating tabs 13 protruding in an axial direction and having radially outer inclined surfaces for urging inner peripheral surfaces of the first and second side rails. The spacer expander has a radially outer end portion provided with side rail support portions 14 projecting in the axial direction for supporting axial end faces of the first and second side rails. A seating tab angle of the outer inclined surface relative to an axis is in a range of 10 to 20 degrees, and a ratio of 2X/Y is in a range of from 0.04 to 0.

Abstract: The two-stroke engine includes an engine head, a cylinder block, and a lower block. The lower block is sealed from the engine head except for a cylinder bore in the cylinder block. A piston in the cylinder block has at least one compression ring groove for a compression ring to seal the lower block from the engine head. The piston also includes an oil control ring groove for an oil control ring to provide appropriate lubrication to the compression ring during each stroke of the piston. The piston further includes at least one drainage opening providing fluid communication between the outer circumference of the piston and an interior surface of the piston.

Abstract: A piston apparatus which configures an air bearing by introducing a compressed working media into an inside of a piston, and ejecting the working media from plural holes arranged on a circumferential portion of the piston into a clearance between the piston and the cylinder, which prevents a back-flow of the working media in the piston to a working space, and which readily secures reliability and longevity is provided.

Abstract: A piston for an internal combustion engine has an annular cooling channel provided with oil admission boreholes and oil discharge boreholes, the oil discharge boreholes being oriented in the direction of the bolt hubs for the cooling thereof.

Abstract: The invention concerns a piston compressor, particularly a hermetically enclosed refrigerant compressor, with at least one cylinder a piston reciprocating in said cylinder, the piston being connected with a driving rod via a piston pin and having in its outer jacket surface a circumferential lubrication groove, the piston pin having a longitudinal bore, which is connected with a lubricant source. It is endeavoured to improve the lubrication. For this purpose, the longitudinal bore is open downward in the gravity direction and has a ventilation opening upward.

Abstract: A reciprocable piston comprises a cylindrical body reciprocable within a hollow cylinder and at least two spaced ring seals disposed around the circumference of the cylindrical body. Within the cylindrical body there is a scavenging system that comprises: an internal chamber that is in fluid communication with a space between the spaced ring seals; and a one-way fluid passage that allows one-way fluid flow from the internal chamber to the cylinder chamber when fluid pressure within the internal chamber is greater than fluid pressure within the cylinder chamber. A method of scavenging fluid comprises collecting fluid that leaks by a piston seal and returning the collected fluid to the cylinder chamber from which it originated, through a scavenging system disposed within the piston.

Abstract: A method and device for forming a sliding seal between a reciprocating piston (22) and the wall of a cylinder (8), wherein one side of the piston faces a first liquid in a pump chamber (26) of the cylinder (8), a first piston seal (24) and a second piston seal (58), spaced from the first piston seal (24), sealing between the piston and the cylinder (8); and wherein a second liquid is supplied under pressure between the seals (24, 58), the pressure of the second liquid between the seals (24, 58) being maintained at a level essentially equal to or slightly lower than the pressure of the pump chamber (26).

Abstract: A piston for use in internal combustion engines or reciprocating compressors such as those utilized in air-brake systems for heavy duty freight vehicles. The body of the piston of the present invention is contoured in manner to reduce the undesirable build-up of oil pressure that frequently occurs at the oil control ring or rings when the piston is in operation. The crown portion of the piston body includes a series of piston ring groove and piston ring lands, one of which is modified to include drainage notches. The skirt portion of the piston body includes a plurality of furrows near the face of the piston, a horizontal channel recessed into the surface of the piston skirt, and a horizontal groove formed in the outer skirt wall of the piston. These structures function individually and in combination to provide multiple means by which excess lubricating oil may be directed away from the oil control rings and back toward the crankcase or oil reservoir within the engine or compressor.

Abstract: Seal sections, which support first and second piston rods, are provided on inner circumferential surfaces of first and second cover members of a cylinder mechanism. A lubricant is supplied via supply passages and oil supply ports to first oil-retaining members, which are installed in installation grooves provided in the seal sections. The lubricant, which has characteristics different from those of an operation oil used for driving a piston of the cylinder mechanism, is retained by the first oil-retaining members. Further, the lubricant is supplied to clearances formed between the first and second cover members and the first and second piston rods, thereby forming an oil film.

Abstract: A piston for use in internal combustion engines or reciprocating compressors such as those utilized in air-brake systems for heavy duty freight vehicles. The body of the piston of the present invention is contoured in manner to reduce the undesirable build-up of oil pressure that frequently occurs at the oil control ring or rings when the piston is in operation. The crown portion of the piston body includes a series of piston ring groove and piston ring lands, one of which is modified to include drainage notches. The skirt portion of the piston body includes a plurality of furrows near the face of the piston, a horizontal channel recessed into the surface of the piston skirt, and a horizontal groove formed in the outer skirt wall of the piston. These structures function individually and in combination to provide multiple means by which excess lubricating oil may be directed away from the oil control rings and back toward the crankcase or oil reservoir within the engine or compressor.

Abstract: An in-line lubricator for a pneumatic tool system includes a body defining a fluid reservoir and a working passageway and an actuator positionable within the body. The actuator includes an elongated body having a transfer cavity formed therein which is in fluid communication with the fluid reservoir when the actuator is in a first position and which is in fluid communication with the working passageway when the actuator is in the second position. Movement of the actuator from the first position to the second position transports a predetermined amount of fluid from the fluid reservoir into the working passageway.

Abstract: A viscous pumping system for lubricating a bearing, including a reservoir configured to store a lubricant, a housing connected to the reservoir and mounting the bearing, and a shaft disposed in the housing and supported by the bearing. The shaft is rotatable in a forward direction and a reverse direction and has a first helical groove and a second helical groove. The first helical groove and the second helical groove are configured so that they act to pump sufficient lubricant from a groove origin to the bearing when said shaft rotates in both the forward direction and the reverse direction. It is contemplated that the viscous pumping system may be used to lubricate the bearing of a variable capacity compressor.

Abstract: There is provided a hermetic compressor in which an oil hole is directly formed in an inner wall of a piston hole on which a lateral component force is exerted, thereby intensively performing a lubricating action at the portion which is susceptible to the friction and wear. Further, since the oil hole is formed to penetrate through the side wall of the piston hole, a foreign matter contained in the oil is prevented from being introduced into the piston hole. Further, the friction and wear between the piston and the cylinder block is basically prevented, thereby preventing the lowering of the performance and the deformation of the compressing instrument by the increasing of the interior temperature of the compressor.

Abstract: Oil passages 12 for lubricating and cooling a piston pin 10 are provided in such a manner as to each open to an oil ring groove 5 of a piston 1 and to a piston inner side surface 2b of a piston pin supporting part 2 at portions in the vicinity of an upper end of a piston-pin hole 2a through the piston pin supporting part 2. The oil passages 12 are provided diagonally relative to an axis of the piston-pin hole 2a.

Abstract: A dispensing apparatus for dispensing a product from a container under pressure of a propellant by means of a composite piston (138). The apparatus has a valve (104) operated by means of an actuator (108) and a lever (166). The actuator co-operates with the valve and lever by means of a screw thread arrangement (110), such that turning actuator relative to the lever varies the flow rate of product out of the apparatus. The valve is a hollow cylindrical tube (104) which is open at one end and closed at the second end, either permanently or by means of a flap valve (112) which allows insertion of the product. A number of ports (116) are arranged around the circumference of the tube (104) adjacent to the second end to allow product to flow through the valve when the lever is operated.

Abstract: In a swash plate type compressor in which a shoe mechanism (23a and 23b) is slidably interposed between a swash plate (21) and a piston (22) to convert a rotating motion of the swash plate to a reciprocating motion of the piston, lubricating oil is effectively supplied together with a blowby gas to the shoe mechanism. As a result, the lubricating oil favorably lubricates a sliding portion which is between the shoe mechanism and each of the swash plate and the piston. The piston is inserted in a cylinder bore (1) of a cylinder block (2) to have a sealed gap around the piston. When the swash plate is rotatably driven, the piston is reciprocated through the shoe mechanism to compress a gaseous fluid including the lubricating oil. A part of the gaseous fluid passes as the blowby gas through the sealed gap during the reciprocation motion of the piston.

Abstract: For being slidably inserted into a cylinder bore defined by a cylindrical surface extending in a predetermined direction, a piston (8) has a head portion (81) extending perpendicular to the predetermined direction and a barrel portion (82) connected to the head portion. The head portion has an outer circumferential portion which is close to the cylindrical surface when the piston is inserted in the cylinder bore. The barrel portion has at least three wall portions (82a, 82b, 82c) which are extended from the outer circumferential portion in the predetermined direction. The wall portions are arranged in a circumferential direction to form a substantially cylindrical shape in cooperation with one another.

Abstract: The present invention aims at reducing the amount of oil consumption in a piston using a piston ring continuously formed of resin without being provided with an abutment. A stepped portion is formed on a third land, which is located below a second ring having a construction wherein an outer ring continuously formed of polyimide without being provided with an abutment is pressed against a cylinder wall by a coil expander via an inner ring continuously formed of PTFE without being provided with an abutment. Oil spill ports are provided so as to allow communication between the stepped portion and an inner wall of the piston.

Abstract: A piston is formed with one or more recesses or depressions on its underside as it is cast, molded or forged. The recesses are located adjacent the outer cylindrical wall of the piston head so that when a groove such as an oil ring groove is subsequently machined into the outer wall, the groove intersects and cuts into each recess. In this manner, oil drain ports are formed in the oil ring groove without the need for additional boring or cutting operations.

Abstract: A piston assembly including a piston having a work surface, a sidewall extending from the work surface, and ports in the sidewall. The piston assembly also includes a flexible lubricant-scraping ring clamped to the piston between the work surface and the ports, with the lubricant-scraping ring having an outer edge extending outwardly beyond the sidewall.

Abstract: A reciprocating pump is provided for pumping subterranean fluids containing fine solids to surface. The pump comprises a pump barrel, piston and piston rod. The piston rod is suspended form reciprocating production tubing. The barrel is anchored in the casing of a well. A standing valve is located at the bottom of the barrel. The piston and travelling valve are located at the bottom of the piston rod for minimizing the dead-space between standing and travelling valves. Upper and lower stacks of hydraulic piston seal rings are positioned on the piston above and below the travelling valve for minimizing piston height. Each seal has radially flared lips at its leading edge. The piston spaced grooves formed therein, corresponding to the seal ring flared lips.

Abstract: In this piston, oil grooves 5 are provided in the selected parts of a surface of a skirt portion 3 which are liable to encounter the breakage of an oil film, and which are on the thrust side and anti-thrust side, and not in the parts of the surface of the skirt portion to which a load is imparted. The oil grooves 5 are formed in the positions higher than a piston pin 22 and lower than piston ring grooves 12, and cooling cavity 45 and oil grooves 5 communicate with each other by oil passages 47, the cooling cavity 45 and a lower open end 48 of a piston body 1 communicating with each other by an oil passage 46. Accordingly, even when the piston is inclined toward the anti-thrust direction, an oil is supplied to the clearances between outer members 7 and skirt portion 3, and the breakage of an oil film does not occur.

Abstract: A number of embodiments of direct piston pin lubrication systems for reciprocating machines such as internal combustion engines. In all of the embodiments, the hollow interior of the piston pin is employed as a distribution passage with radial drillings extending through the piston pin for lubricating the various journals thereof. In some embodiments, the lubricant is sprayed through the wall of the cylinder bore directly into the piston pin and in others it is delivered through a passage formed in the piston.

Abstract: A piston reciprocally movable within a cylinder is sealed to the cylinder wall by fluid at a pressure greater than those of the fluids on the opposed sides of the piston supplied to the space (18) between two seals (19, 20) operative between the piston and cylinder wall, an accumulator or auxiliary intensifier chamber (67) being provided from which overpressure fluid is supplied to the space between the two seals to regulate the pressure between them. The two seals between the piston and the cylinder wall can be constituted respectively by first (19A-19C) and second (20A-20C) groups or pluralities of separate seal rings selected as regards material and dimensions so as to perform specific functions.

Abstract: A dough divider is provided having a piston and cylinder mechanism for repeatedly pressing dough into a measuring cup assembly. Dough is drawn from a hopper into the cylinder through a tube. A lubrication port is disposed in the tube, and a channel extends from the port to the cylinder. The port and channel arrangement provide a self-cleaning lubricating arrangement which keeps the dough from sticking.

Abstract: A piston and ring assembly operative within a cylindrical bore wall to retain pressurized fluid to one side of the assembly, the piston having a crown and an annular side wall for movement along the bore wall.

Abstract: An array of symmetrically disposed piston-cylinder assemblies may be utilized to produce oppositely directed movements along a single force axis. Plumbing between the various cylinders may be external or internal, or a combination thereof, the exact form depending upon the particular embodiment. The array may be fabricated as a unitized inter/plumbing configuration or from separate cylinders that are functionally retained about an inter/plumbing fixture.

Abstract: A compressible seal member is provided with peripherally distributed and axially spaced lubricant retaining grooves, or with radially extending lubricant channels in communication with a central lubricant reservoir. The sealing member has land portions and groove portions on the outer periphery, with the lubricant grooves or channels located along the groove portions. The seal member is installed within a pharmaceutical container with the tool having a working end received within a central aperture formed in the seal member so that the insertion forced is applied near the bottom end of the seal member to prevent compression during installation. When the pharmaceutical is expelled from the container, a plunger pushes on the accessible end of the seal member to compress the seal member axially and force the lubricant out of the grooves or channels and into contact with the inner wall surfaces of the container.

Abstract: A piston for an internal combustion engine has a crown and peripheral wall to carry a piston ring. A support extends between the wall and a bearing housing to receive the connecting rod. A cylindrical support member also extends from the wall around the support to a skirt. The support member is radially inset from the wall and a cylindrical bearing member is located on its radially outer surface.

Abstract: A high pressure die cylinder and manifold system including a plurality of die cylinders mounted on a manifold. Each die cylinder includes a cylinder body in which a piston rod and a piston is positioned for limited relative movement with respect to the cylinder body. A cup shaped piston sealing ring is mounted on the cylinder body for engagement with the piston rod and a cup shaped sealing ring is mounted on the piston for engagement with the cylinder body. A lubricant metering ring is mounted on the piston intermediate the sealing rings and the piston has a lubricant chamber that communicates with circumferentially spaced openings in the lubricant metering ring for delivering lubricant to the exterior of the sealing ring.

Abstract: The reduction of wear at the cylinder walls of combustion engines is achieved by a new type of piston with special channels and facilities for collecting lubricants and distributing the lubricants during the piston movement and especially during the first cycles onto areas of highest wear of the cylinder wall.

Abstract: A variable capacity swash plate type refrigerant compressor having a plurality of pistons each including a cylindrical hollow main body reciprocated in a cylinder bore of a cylinder block, and an engaging portion engaged with a swash plate. The cylindrical hollow main body of the piston is provided with at least one first through-bore for providing a communication between the interior of the main body and the cylinder bore, and at least one second through-bore for providing a communication between the interior of the piston main body and a crank chamber of the compressor to thus enable the piston to have a thin and light weight wall construction, and to have a sufficient durability against large pressure changes applied to the piston.

Abstract: In a free piston engine, to reduce dynamic loads on the reciprocating elements caused by a time varying pressure gradient across the gas bearing and close clearance seals provided therein, drain galleries are incorporated at the ends of the gas bearings to isolate the same, and circumferentially spaced grooves are incorporated in the close clearance seal region.

Abstract: A single horizontal cylinder, small refrigeration compressor has a lubrication arrangement which includes a recess on the cylinder block above the cylinder bore which collects oil that drains from the lower end of the motor. A supply passage extends downward from said recess and opens into the cylinder bore near its midpoint. The piston has an elongated shallow groove on the interior between head and skirt lands which is connected to the passage during a major portion of the piston stroke to receive oil from the recess. Drain passage means are provided on the piston to allow oil to flow out of the groove at a lesser rate than it is supplied by the supply passage from the recess.

Abstract: A piston for an axial piston machine, comprising a hollow body having an axial cavity into which a filler piece of a material of lower specific gravity than the material of the piston is inserted which at least partially fills said cavity, said filler piece being secured axially in the cavity by a shoulder projecting radially inwards from the hollow body, is to be designed so that with simple construction a stable axial securing of the filler piece is ensured. This is achieved in that the filler piece has a recess arranged between its ends on its outer surface into which the section of the hollow body overlapping the recess is pressed in a form fitting and force locking manner.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for reducing oil consumption and oil deterioration in a reciprocating engine. The engine is provided with ceramic rings and ceramic cylinder linings. Minimal oil lubricant is adsorbed on the surface layer of the rings and liners to form a lubricating boundary-film on the rings and linings. Excess oil lubricant is restricted from entering the piston ring/cylinder lining region to preclude the formation of a hydrodynamic, full film lubricant layer between the rings and linings. Several engine designs are disclosed.

Abstract: A piston for a gas-operated linear actuator wherein a double-acting piston moves axially within a cylinder in response to gas pressure applied intermittently to chambers on either side of the piston. The piston has reservoirs in the form of holes in each of its faces and a pair of spaced-apart circumferential grooves, one communicating with the holes in one piston face and the other with the holes in the other piston face, the two sets of grooves and holes being kept out of communcation with one another. Gas under pressure introduced into one chamber forces the piston to move toward the opposite chamber, and a portion of the gas passes into the holes and out through the adjacent groove, providing a stream of gas between piston and cylinder walls, producing a gas-bearing effect.