Abstract: Provided is a high pressure polymorph of croconic acid. The high pressure polymorph of croconic acid has an unexpectedly high energy release and is suitable for use in detonable compositions. The high pressure polymorph of croconic acid is recoverable to ambient conditions and exhibits only a modest increase in density but a greatly improved energy release.

Abstract: A piston 10 for an engine has a number of elongate pockets 21, 22, 23, 24 each of which is arranged at an angle relative to a longitudinal axis HP2 of a contact zone 15 on the thrust and anti-thrust sides of the piston 10. The pockets 21, 22, 23, 24 are arranged in two columns C1, C2 one on each longitudinal side of a central portion 20 of the contact zone 15 to form partial barriers to reduce the loss of oil from the central portion 20 during use of the piston 10. The pockets 21, 22, 23, 24 are oriented differently above and below a transverse axis HP1 of the contact zone 15 so as to reduce the loss of oil irrespective of the direction of motion of the piston 10.

Abstract: A rotor mechanism for use in moving fluid. The rotor mechanism has six rotor units spherically arranged, with at least one rotor unit including a port through it's body. Each rotor has the form of a truncated cone with two symmetric spiral recesses provided on the lateral surface of the rotor which acts to cooperate with the adjacent rotors. Rotation of at least one rotor unit causes rotation of adjacent rotor units which thereby moves fluid without compression between the outside of the mechanism and the port via a central substantially spherical free space cavity formed by the cooperation of inner surfaces of the rotor units. The rotor mechanism is fully submersible.

Abstract: A rotary piston for a rotary piston pump includes at least one supporting body, through which a rotational axis of the rotary piston extends, and at least one end cap section, which is disposed radially outwards from the at least one supporting body and is connected flexibly, preferably elastically, to the at least one supporting body.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine piston includes a piston crown, a thrust-side skirt, an anti-thrust-side skirt, a first apron, and a second apron. The first and second aprons are connected to the thrust-side and anti-thrust-side skirts through connecting sections. Each connecting section has a thickness that gradually increases as followed from a proximal longitudinal end to a distal longitudinal end, wherein the proximal longitudinal end is closer to the piston crown, and the distal longitudinal end is closer to a distal longitudinal end of a corresponding one of the thrust-side and anti-thrust-side skirts.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a rotor for a vacuum pump having a roots pumping mechanism, the rotor comprising at least two hollow lobes, each lobe having an outer wall which defines a lobe profile, a hollow cavity generally inward of the outer wall, and at least one strengthening rib located in the cavity to resist stress on the lobes generated during rotation.

Abstract: A rotary engine rotor (10) comprises a body (12) comprising an outer surface (18), an inner surface (22), an insert (14) and a fixing 31 member (16). The outer surface (18) comprises three rotor sides (20) arranged in an equilateral triangle shape. The inner surface (22) comprises a location portion (24) at the midpoint of each rotor side (20), the location portions (24) together defining a location aperture (26). One location portion (24) is provided with a first fixing socket (28) extending radially from the inner surface (22) of the body (12), towards the outer surface (18) of the body (12). Cooling channels (30) are provided axially through the body (12) in the region of each apex (31). The insert (14) is provided in the location aperture (26) and comprises a bearing part (38) with a second fixing socket (40) extending radially through the insert (14) and in alignment with the first fixing socket (28).

Abstract: A linear actuator is provided having a housing with a bore having at least first and second portions extending therethrough. The second portion has a polygonal geometry with substantially rounded corners having at least one planar bearing surface. A shaft is in sliding engagement with the first portion of the bore, and a piston member is operatively coupled to the shaft. The piston member has a mating geometry to the second portion of the bore, wherein the piston member is in sliding engagement with the second portion of the bore. An anti-rotation member is coupled to the piston member or shaft and has a generally D-shaped geometry with a planar anti-rotation bearing surface. Contact between the anti-rotation member and the housing is limited to a sliding engagement between the anti-rotation bearing surface and one of the at least one bearing surfaces based on an orientation of the anti-rotation member.

Abstract: A linear actuator has a housing with a bore extending therethrough. A first portion of the bore extends into the housing from a first end, and a second portion of the bore extends into the housing from a second end of the housing. The second portion of the bore has a rectangular geometry with substantially rounded corners when viewed from the second end. A shaft is in sliding engagement with the first portion of the housing. A piston member is coupled to the shaft and has a rectangular geometry with substantially rounded corners. The piston member is in sliding engagement with a first interior surface of the second portion of the bore via one or more o-rings. An anti-rotation apparatus is associated with one or more of the piston member and the shaft, wherein the anti-rotation member generally prevents a rotation of the shaft with respect to the housing.

Abstract: A fluid pressure cylinder including a first damper and a second damper provided respectively on a head cover and a rod cover, which are disposed on both ends of the fluid pressure cylinder so as to face toward a piston. The first damper and the second damper are formed from an elastic material, and are made up from a main body portion against which the piston abuts, and a plurality of legs that project from the main body portion and which are gripped between the head cover and the rod cover and an inner wall surface of the cylinder tube.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a hydraulic system that includes a compression chamber capable of being subjected to the pressure of a hydraulic fluid; a piston movable inside the compression chamber along an axis; and at least one sealing gasket disposed between the piston and a wall of the compression chamber, the gasket occupying an axial position that varies circumferentially around the axis in such a manner as to compensate for non-axially symmetrical stresses induced by the pressure of the fluid.

Abstract: The hydraulic cylinder apparatus has a crescent shaped length housing a piston of like shape. The crescent shape provides for fit into constrained spaces where a fully cylindrical cylinder cannot fit. Multiple crescent shaped case ring lands with case rings seal the length of the piston proximal to the top of the case. The plurality of piston ring lands and piston rings seal the sliding piston to the walls of the case's internal hydraulic fluid well. The numerous ports of the apparatus, both upper and lower, provide for more convenient application than would otherwise be provided. Hose routing can thereby be best suited to a particular application. An added advantage of the apparatus is the negation of piston and mount rotation, a feature not typically possible with cylindrical hydraulic cylinders.

Abstract: A pair of recesses is formed on a cylinder hole of a cylinder tube, wherein the recesses are recessed further into the cylinder hole from an inner circumferential surface thereof. Projections that correspond to the recesses are disposed on a head cover and a rod cover, respectively, which are installed into both ends of the cylinder tube. The head cover and the rod cover that are accommodated in the cylinder hole are positioned through abutment of the projections against stepped portions of the recesses.

Abstract: A cylinder tube includes a cylinder hole therein through which a piston is displaceably inserted. A head cover and a rod cover are installed respectively into ends of the cylinder hole. Locking rings, each having a bent section, a pair of arm sections that extend from both ends of the bent section, and claw sections disposed on ends of the arm sections, are disposed in the cylinder hole. In addition, the locking rings are installed respectively in the cylinder hole through ring grooves, wherein the head cover and the rod cover are fixed by means of the locking rings.

Abstract: A piston includes a piston body fitted into a cylinder bore and having a sliding peripheral surface disposed in sliding contact with the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder bore. The sliding peripheral surface of the piston body and the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder bore each have a noncircular cross-sectional form. The sliding peripheral surface of the piston body is formed by an elastically deformable sealing member.

Abstract: A swash plate compressor comprises a swash plate located for rotation in a housing and a compression unit that forms a part of the housing. The compression unit has cylinder bores that guide pistons in reciprocation as the swash plate rotates. Each cylinder bore has a cross section formed of any other closed curve than a circle. The closed curve is defined by curve elements and straight elements.

Abstract: A compressor for a vehicle air conditioning system comprises a front casing in which is mounted a swash or wobble plate arrangement operatively connected to a drive shaft and a plurality of pistons each provided with a piston body at one end and a foot portion at its other. A cylinder block is also provided defining a plurality of cylinder bores equally distributed circumferentially around the drive shaft, in each of which bores one of the piston bodies can be reciprocated by the swash or wobble plate, as the drive shaft rotates. The inner wall surface of the front casing defines a plurality of longitudinally extending recesses in positions apposed to each piston. The piston body and the foot portion of each piston are connected by a bridge that is bending resistant and projects outwardly into these apposed recesses. Also, at least one side of the bridge is provided with a laterally projecting wing that supports the piston against the adjacent inner wall surface of the front casing to one side of the recess.

Abstract: A hydraulic radial piston engine has a lifting ring fixed to the casting, a rotor mounted opposite the lifting ring such that it is rotatable about an axis of rotation, multiple piston seats aligned radially in the rotor relative to the axis of rotation, and multiple pistons each displaceably mounted in a piston seat and which, over at least part of their length, have a non-circular guiding and sealing cross section that is coincident with a non-circular guiding and sealing cross section of the piston seats. Circularly cylindrical rollers are borne by the piston. With a given overall size, a greater swept volume per piston is possible and therefore a greater torque is produceable.

Abstract: A fluid power operated fluid power cylinder having a cylinder housing (2) on whose rear side a control system housing (33) is mounted. The control system housing (33) contains a valve means and furthermore a electronic valve circuitry and/or electronic control circuitry as control components for the operation of the fluid power cylinder. Externally on the control system housing (33) electrical connection means (63) are provided for the supply of electrical control signals and fluid connection means (48) for the supply of the operating fluid.

Abstract: A pressure fluid cylinder with anti-rotation feature, includes a cylinder tube of non-circular inner cross section and a piston which is sealingly received in the tube. The piston has a circular cross section and is connected at one end to a piston rod in coaxial relationship. In order to allow selective use of the pressure fluid cylinder with or without anti-rotation feature, an annular adapter is placed between the piston and the tube and has a circular inner surface area to complement a circular outer surface area of the piston so as to allow a relative rotation between the piston and the adapter. The adapter has a non-circular outer surface area to complement the non-circular inner surface area of the tube. Through insertion of a fastener in aligned boreholes of the adapter and the piston, the adapter and the piston are prevented from rotating relative to one another.

Abstract: A circular piston and a noncircular rod are separately formed as separate parts and the piston and the rod are integrally connected to each other through an adhesive in a state in which the piston is aligned to be concentric with a circular bearing hole of a first air bearing and the rod is aligned to be concentric with a noncircular bearing hole of a second air bearing.

Abstract: A preferred embodiment of a fluid powered apparatus has a housing, a piston and an off-axis member to deter piston rod rotation relative to the housing. In a further aspect of the present invention, an off-center pin actuates one or more sensors while also deterring rotation of a piston rod relative to a housing. An additional aspect of the present invention provides for complete retention and sealing of a sensor within a housing.

Abstract: A pressure fluid cylinder with anti-rotation feature, includes a cylinder tube of non-circular inner cross section and a piston which is sealingly received in the tube. The piston has a circular cross section and is connected at one end to a piston rod in coaxial relationship. In order to allow selective use of the pressure fluid cylinder with or without anti-rotation feature, an annular adapter is placed between the piston and the tube and has a circular inner surface area to complement a circular outer surface area of the piston so as to allow a relative rotation between the piston and the adapter. The adapter has a non-circular outer surface area to complement the non-circular inner surface area of the tube. Through insertion of a fastener in aligned boreholes of the adapter and the piston, the adapter and the piston are prevented from rotating relative to one another.

Abstract: In a cylinder tube of a rodless cylinder, a bore having an approximately rhombic cross section is formed. The approximately rhombic cross section of the bore has a thickness smaller than a width. There is a fluid bypass passage for centralized piping in the vicinity of the bottom of both sides of the bore in the cylinder tube. In addition, in the vicinity of both sides of the bore at the upper and lower surfaces of the cylinder tube, there are thinned portions.

Abstract: An apparatus includes a motor with an output shaft. A solitary air compressor is linked to the output shaft so as to be driven by the output shaft. The compressor contains a piston in a cylinder. A first fan is mounted on the output shaft to direct cooling air to the motor. A second fan is mounted on the output shaft to direct cooling air to the compressor.

Abstract: For the purpose of providing a thin pump designed to decrease the number of parts, the pump is provided with a rectangular parallelepiped cylinder (3) and a piston located inside of the cylinder, wherein the piston (4) reciprocates and oscillates in the cylinder (3) to vary capacity of the pump chamber (12) and to make the intake port (5) and the outlet port (6) open alternately, so that fluid is sucked from the intake port (5) into the pump chamber (12), compressed and discharged from the outlet port (6).

Abstract: An internal combustion rotary engine includes a stationary, centrally located manifold having an intake and an exhaust port. Inner and outer rotor assemblies are provided which rotate in a common direction about the centrally located manifold. Each of the inner and outer rotor assemblies includes two pairs of diametrically opposed pistons, generally of octagonal shape which divide a rotating internal volume, defined by the outer rotor assembly, into four working chambers. Pistons of the inner rotor assembly slide along related walls of the outer rotor assembly and by this arrangement, the four working chambers communicate periodically with the intake and exhaust ports. Angular movement of the inner rotor assembly against the outer rotor assembly ensures that each working chamber is at minimum volume and at a maximum volume four times per revolution of a crankshaft of the engine.

Abstract: A hydraulic press including a cylinder barrel, a piston and a seal housing. The cylinder barrel has an inner peripheral surface. The piston has a pressure side surface and is inserted in the cylinder barrel to form a chamber between the pressure side surface of the piston and the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder barrel. The chamber is configured to contain a hydraulic fluid. The seal housing includes an outer peripheral surface and an inner space which has an inner peripheral wall and which is configured to contain the hydraulic fluid. The seal housing is provided on the pressure side surface of the piston such that the outer peripheral surface is in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the cylinder barrel and such that the hydraulic fluid in the inner space presses the seal housing against the inner peripheral surface.

Abstract: The pneumatic actuator comprises at least one double-acting cylinder having a tubular body and two closure heads which define a piston chamber for a reciprocable piston; the body of the cylinder consists of an extruded tubular section provided with at least one longitudinal conduit for the air flow, which extends in a wall between the two end portions of the tubular body. One of the closure heads at an end side of the tubular body is provided with air-flow passage for connecting one end of the piston chamber via said longitudinal conduit to an air inlet/outlet opening close to the other end side of the body. The second closure head of the cylinder is in turn provided with an air inlet/outlet opening connected to the end of the piston chamber which is opposite the previous one. The actuator is made in the form of a single cylinder or of a telescopically extending cylinder having several stages.

Abstract: A reciprocating internal combustion engine includes a siamesed piston bore having a configuration formed by the intersection of two circular cylindrical elements and a matching piston having a similar siamesed configuration. This cylinder configuration allows a four cylinder engine to be about 25% shorter with the same displacement as an engine having circular cylinders and the same stroke.

Abstract: A piston assembly for a double-acting engine such as a double-acting Stirling engine. A pair of sealing rings located on opposite sides of a sealing washer are positioned between a base section and a dome section of a piston head. These sealing rings are alternatively urged into sealing engagement with the cylinder bore as the piston reciprocates. A single sealing ring design is also disclosed in which the sealing ring is urged into constant sealing engagement by positive pressure accumulated with an interior cavity in the piston head.

Abstract: A hydraulic actuator is described which has a layered structure and a flattened piston assembly to enhance production speed and reduce the costs of assembly. A system for performing surgery is also described incorporating the hydraulic actuator, having a sensory glove, a computer, and a slender robot manipulator which can be inserted into the human body through a small incision. The robot manipulator has a layered structure with integrated hydraulic pistons. This design allows the use of a novel manufacturing process in which all of the parts are formed from laminated sheets of material. Seals are formed to prevent leakage of hydraulic fluid by introducing castable rubber into enclosed channels in the structure.

Abstract: A self contained gas powered endoscopic surgical apparatus is provided for placing lateral lines of surgical fasteners into body tissue. The apparatus includes a frame portion, an elongated portion extending from the frame portion, and an articulating fastener applying assembly associated with a distal end of the elongated portion. The fastener applying assembly includes a base portion, a staple cartridge housing, and an anvil member which has a forming surface thereon against which surgical fasteners are driven as they are ejected from the cartridge housing. A self contained pneumatic system is associated with the frame portion and is actuable to eject the surgical fasteners from the cartridge assembly.

Abstract: The linear actuating device of the present invention has a rodless power cylinder unit with a cylinder barrel. An external carriage is disposed on the cylinder barrel and is movable along the axis of the cylinder barrel. A base on which a guide rail is mounted is provided. A slide table is driven by the external carriage of the rodless power cylinder unit and guided by the guide rail. According to the present invention, the external carriage is disposed on the side of the cylinder barrel facing the guide rail. This construction allows the external carriage and the slide table to be accommodated within the height of the cylinder barrel. Therefore, the height of the linear actuating device as a whole can be reduced to substantially the same as the height of the cylinder barrel.

Abstract: A fluid power operated advancing unit has housing and a plunger adapted to run axially therein. The plunger is designed in the form of a three sided prismatic body at least along its length section running in the housing, said body being guided in the housing at its three side surface, whereas three transitions between respective adjacent side are not guided. The result is accordingly an extremely accurate guiding action for the plunger while simultaneously preventing rotation thereof.

Abstract: A self-contained gas spring that has low heat generation characteristics and is easy to manufacture and maintain. The spring includes a bearing and seal assembly that is easy to remove from the cylinder body of the spring. The assembly includes an annular bearing for guiding the piston rod, the bearing is press fit within a bearing cap and, an end cap threaded in to the cylinder body. The end cap includes an annular seal surrounding and tightly engaging the piston rod of the gas spring. The end cap engages the bearing cap when the end cap is fully threaded into the cylinder body to retain the bearing cap within the cylinder body. The seal is formed of two materials, one very flexible, the other very rigid. The gas spring also has a unique piston head that has a hexagonal periphery with upwardly angled sides.

Abstract: An automotive air conditioning compressor of more compact and efficient design is achieved with a unique cylinder bore and piston shape. While the cylinder bores and pistons are arrayed in a circle about the central axis of the round cylinder block, the bores and pistons themselves are not round in cross section. Instead, each has a pair of flattened sides lying more or less parallel to radial planes of the cylinder block. As a consequence, only solid webs separate the cylinder bores, not empty spaces, as in a conventional block. The ratio of total bore volume to block volume is greater, and the compressor is more compact for a given capacity. In addition, the non round cross section of bores and pistons resists piston twisting.

Abstract: An rotary internal combustion engine consisting of a rotatable cylinder made up of fuel charge and multiple working segments rotating in unison. The fuel charge and working segments each contain a plurality of radially arranged cylinders open at both ends and a spherical piston in and freely movable within each of the cylinders. A stationary cam surrounds the cylinder having cam surfaces to contact the spherical pistons within each of the cylinders causing each piston in its respective cylinder to reciprocate as the cylinder rotates. A stationary core is located within and enclosed by the rotatable cylinder for supplying and carrying away working fluid into and from the cylinders as well as igniting and delivering fuel charge to the working segments. An alternative embodiment consists of a sealing arrangement between the pistons and cylinders utilizing rings with pressure balancing to reduce friction.

Abstract: The invention relates to a drive, particularly a push and pull drive, which has a cylinder with a cylinder inner chamber (Z) and a cylinder axis (F) and a piston movably arranged in the cylinder and to which is fixed a flexible force transfer means (U). For a double-action drive the cylinder inner chamber (Z) or the piston must have a larger cross-sectional surface than the force transfer means (U). In order that, despite this, the cylinder wall can serve as a guidance means for the flexible force transfer means, either the cylinder inner chamber or the force transfer means has a non-circular cross-section, so that on a cross-section there are at least two points (A1 to A3), on which the cylinder inner wall can guide the force transfer means.

Abstract: A piston type compressor housing encloses a crank chamber, a suction chamber, and a discharge chamber. The compressor housing includes a cylinder block. A plurality of cylinder bores are formed in the cylinder block in which a plurality of pistons are slidably disposed within the cylinder bores and have a corresponding axis. The drive shaft is rotatably supported in the cylinder block. A slant plate having an angle of tilt is tiltably connected to the drive shaft. A bearing couples the slant plate to the pistons, so that the pistons may reciprocate within the cylinder bores upon rotation of the slant plate. The pistons are adapted to be reciprocally moved in cylinder bores in accordance with the tilting motion of the slant plate. The cylinder bores include a cross-sectional plan which is disclosed by a plane perpendicular to the drive shaft. The cross-sectional plan includes an outline which defines a simple closed curve which is composed of a plurality of curves having varying radii of curvature.

Abstract: A perforator has a perforator disk rotatably seated in a U-shaped bearing bracket. The bearing bracket is movable into and out of the path of movement of a piece to be perforated by a piston-cylinder unit which is actuated from either side of the piston. The piston-cylinder unit is housed in a fastening element which can be connected to a machine frame. The bearing bracket has guide bolts which extend into the fastening element to secure the bearing bracket against rotation in respect to the fastening element. The fastening element comprises a cylinder having a blind bore extending from the side of the fastening element facing the U-shaped bearing bracket in which a piston having seal rings is sealingly guided in a displaceable manner.

Abstract: Down-the-hole drilling machine comprising a housing in form of a tube (1), a hammer piston (6) being movable to-and-fro in the tube and intended for impacting a drill bit (5). The hammer piston is at its ends provided with end sections in form of polygons with rounded corners (51, 52). These end sections are turned relative to each other an angle which is half as large as the angle between two adjacent corners.

Abstract: A piston for connection by a piston pin and connecting rod to a crankshaft for reciprocating in a cylinder of an internal combustion engine. The piston has a crown and top land region, an intermediate region including at least one additional land, and a skirt region. Cross sections through the crown and top land region transverse to the cylinder axis are ovals whose major axes are generally parallel to the longitudinal axis of the piston pin. Cross sections through the intermediate region are either circular or oval, major axes of each of the ovals being generally transverse to the longitudinal axis of the piston pin.

Abstract: The invention relates to a profiled tube for working cylinders without a piston rod having a cylinder chamber which extends in longitudinal direction and a piston guided movably therein and connected to pull means, and a carriage connected to the pull means and guided in a slide guide arranged on the profiled tube.

Abstract: A piston for an internal combustion engine with a separate head and skirt which are joined by the piston pin. At least one of the upper lands has a reduced diametrical clearance with the cylinder wall in an area perpendicular to the pin direction. The bottom land has a reduced diametrical clearance with the cylinder wall in the pin direction. The lands are oval shaped, the bottom land optionally a truncated oval. At least one of the upper lands can have the shape of two ovals offset by 90.degree. like a cloverleaf.

Abstract: This invention relates to a work cylinder having damping stops for limiting movement of the piston within the cylinder, the cylinder having cylinder covers for closing the ends of the cylinder, whereby the damping stops are positioned and retained substantially between the cylinder covers and the cylinder walls when the cylinder covers are fastened to the cylinder.

Abstract: A piston with a skirt shaped to accommodate distortion by changing thermal and load conditions is further modified to increase stability and broaden load distribution to reduce contact forces and wear by providing maximum radii lines on either side of a longitudinal thrust plant with reduced radius regions forming apparent concavities therebetween.

Abstract: A piston having a head with ring grooves, a skirt having hub bores, and a pin, with the following dimensions:L/D=0.45-0.8H/D=0.25-0.5A/D=0.3-0.5T/D=0.45-0.8whereL=maxium length of the pistonD=maximum diameter of the pistonH=compression heightA=maximum skirt height below the bottom ring groove in a peripheral area having the approximate same skirt height of at least 45 degrees on the major thrust face of the piston with approximately symmetrical division of this area on both sides of a plane extending perpendicular to the pin axis and passing through the longitudinal axis of the piston,T=diametrically opposite distance between the hub bore ends located radially on the outside.The skirt bulges along the axis of the piston and has an oval cross-section. An axis of the hub bores is offset slightly towards the major thrust face. The piston includes a horizontal slit, which separates the head from the skirt. In a polar plane perpendicular to the piston axis the skirt has a greater ovality on the minor thrust face.

Abstract: A piston apparatus for use in a controlled deflection roll includes a rectilinear-shaped piston having at least one side seal extending longitudinally in a slot in each side wall and an end seal in each end of the piston extending between the side seals. The end seals have at least one pair of intersecting surfaces at each end thereof which cooperate with a corresponding pair of surfaces of each side seal to move longitudinally relative to the piston and side seals to maintain a continuous seal peripherally about the piston. The continuous seal engages the side walls of a channel within the support shaft of the controlled deflection roll and a non-movable seal surface in each of two, opposed dams at either end of the channel in the support shaft. The side and end seals move with the piston relative to the support shaft and seal surfaces on the end dams.

Abstract: A cylinder without a piston rod comprising a cylinder, a piston for moving along the axial direction within the cylinder, and tension belt means for directing the piston witnin the cylinder. The piston comprises two piston halves which are interconnected by bayonet connection elements. A holding element is held within the piston halves for holding the ends of the tension belt means in place.