Abstract: A crosshead assembly for a reciprocating pump. The crosshead assembly has a crosshead and a connecting rod configured to connect with a crankshaft of the reciprocating pump. Trunnions detachably connect with the connecting rod and facilitate pivotable connection of the connecting rod and the crosshead.

Abstract: An engine piston assembly includes a piston with two opposing boss bores, a first interlocking piston button with at least one interlocking protrusion compatible with at least one interlocking recess in the first boss bore, and a second interlocking piston button with at least one interlocking protrusion compatible with at least one interlocking recess in the second boss bore. The interlocking protrusions serve to prevent the buttons from rotating inside the boss bores and deforming an oil control ring inside an oil control ring groove of the piston assembly.

Abstract: A crosshead piston assembly has a piston body with an upper head portion formed with a plurality of piston rings and a lower stem portion formed with a pin bore. The pin bore has a pair of lower, laterally spaced mounting ears presenting a bearing support surface interrupted by a lateral gap between the ears. A saddle is arranged opposite the ears and provides a bearing support surface which is continuous along the pin bore. A three-piece slipper bearing set is disposed in the pin bore and includes a pair of lower bearing shells seated in the ears and an upper bearing shell seated in the saddle. The upper bearing shell and saddle are formed with aligned oil supply and retaining holes. The oil supply hole is maintained fully open, while a retaining pin is installed in the aligned retention holes to support the upper bearing shell against movement relative to the saddle.

Abstract: A mushroom-type pin retainer for a pin having a central bore and which connects a piston and a piston rod of an internal combustion engine. The pin retainer is comprised of a mushroom head connected to a shaft. The shaft has a section of larger diameter for insertion into the bore of the pin. This section is no longer than 2 mm in an axial direction and is located remote from the mushroom head, so that the pin retainer may swing by a limited angle during mounting in the bore. This configuration makes the assembly simple to mount, even if it is manufactured by an imprecise manufacturing process such as injection molding.

Abstract: A piston pin for connecting a piston to a connecting rod especially but not exclusively of an internal combustion engine is made from a sleeve formed by a non-cutting rolling procedure at formation of a longitudinal slot. The longitudinal slot of the sleeve may extend in a plane defined by the longitudinal axis of the sleeve, or may have a wave-like configuration, or may be formed between longitudinal edges interlocking in the form of a tongue and groove. The outer surface of the piston pin is cylindrical while the interior thereof is formed with a central cylindrical section which terminates on both sides in sloped sections.

Abstract: A piston/cylinder assembly for a reciprocating compressor has a piston comprising telescopingly connected first and second piston members. The first piston member is connected to a connecting rod. The second piston member is provided with a piston head and is connected to the first piston member in such a way as to be movable axially relative to the first piston member by a predetermined distance. A spring is interposed between the first piston member and the second piston member to yieldably urge the first and second piston members axially apart.

Abstract: An articulated piston for use in heavy duty diesel engines including a piston crown having an outer surface, a peripheral pending side wall and an inner surface having a pair of pin bosses extending downwardly from the inner surface with the inner surface and the pin bosses defining a hollow cooling cavity opening downwardly and extending about a circumference of the piston crown and a piston skirt with the piston skirt including a first longitudinal plane containing a pair of diametrically opposed bores for receiving a wrist pin for connection to the bosses of the crown and defining two semi-cylindrical thrust and non thrust surfaces of the skirt with a thickness of the non thrust surface being less than a thickness of the thrust surface and a second longitudinal plane, perpendicular to the first plane thereby dividing the piston skirt into four peripheral quarters.

Abstract: An articulated piston for use in heavy duty diesel engines including a piston crown having an outer surface, a peripheral pending side wall and an inner surface having a pair of pin bosses extending downwardly from the inner surface with the inner surface and the pin bosses defining a hollow cooling cavity opening downwardly and extending about a circumference of the piston crown and a piston skirt with the piston skirt including a first longitudinal plane containing a pair of diametrically opposed bores for receiving a wrist pin for connection to the bosses of the crown and defining two semi-cylindrical thrust and non thrust surfaces of the skirt with a thickness of the non thrust surface being less than a thickness of the thrust surface and a second longitudinal plane, perpendicular to the first plane thereby dividing the piston skirt into four peripheral quarters.

Abstract: An engine piston includes a piston head; a first bearing block forming a one-piece component with the piston head and having a first bearing face; a piston skirt being a component separate from the piston head; a second bearing block forming a one-piece component with the piston skirt and having a second bearing face; and a coupling device for interconnecting the piston head and the piston skirt and for interconnecting the first and second bearing blocks with one another. The first and second bearing faces complement one another to form a bearing for rotatably supporting a connecting rod.

Abstract: An articulated piston apparatus including an improved skirt member wherein the skirt member includes a cooling gallery channel with means for providing a directed flow of lubricant from the cooling gallery channel to the elements of the piston apparatus disposed within the skirt bore, wherein during the upward stroke of the piston apparatus a downwardly directed flow of lubricant flows from the cooling gallery channel through a bore from the cooling gallery channel to the skirt bore and therein impinges those elements of the piston apparatus to assure complete lubrication thereof.

Abstract: A method to manufacture an articulated piston head wherein the two portions composing the head, i.e. the top portion and the pin boss portion, are formed separately from blanks of forged or cast chromium-molybdenum steel or a low alloy steel, subjected to preliminary machining operations, joined together by friction welding and then machined to final dimensions.

Abstract: The design and construction of past piston assemblies having a wrist pin bolted to a connecting rod have excessive weight and structural components, and requires more complex machining techniques and tooling. The present invention overcomes these problem by providing a piston assembly (30) with a wrist pin (36) attached to a piston member (32). Thus, the length of the leg members (80) are short and do not require a portion surrounding the wrist pin (36). The results being reduced piston member (32) and piston assembly (30) weight and lower inertia, a simplified forging or casting process, a more easily machinable cavity (86) within the piston member (32) and a higher quality piston assembly (30).

Abstract: The design and construction of past piston assemblies having a wrist pin retained by a pair of snap rings positioned in a groove. Other past piston assemblies have a stubpin or cap positioned within a bore of a piston member or the wrist pin. In these applications the stubpin or cap is in continuous contact along the interface between the bore and the stubpin or cap. The present invention provides a device for retaining a wrist pin within a pair of bores of a piston member during operation of an engine. The device includes a shank portion having an outer portion thereon and only the outer portion of the shank portion being in contact with an inner surface of the wrist pin. The device and the wrist pin forming a wrist pin assembly. Thus, the device remains positioned within the inner surface and properly positioned the wrist pin assembly within the bores during operation of an engine within a bore of a cylinder liner.

Abstract: The design and construction of past piston assemblies having a wrist pin bolted to a connecting rod had excessive structural components requiring more complex machining procedures and tooling. Additionally, the loading and bolting patterns allowed the wrist pin to flex about the central axis of the piston assembly causing ultimate failure of the design. The present invention overcomes these problems by providing a piston assembly utilizing a bifurcated connecting rod and a piston having a pair of outer legs and a central leg. The outer legs and the central leg contact a wrist pin in three locations substantially distributing the forces across the wrist pin uniformly. A connecting means centrally connects the piston assembly shortening the overall length of the piston assembly. This results in a simplified forging or casting process, a more easily machinable piston, and a higher reliability design with improved load capacity.

Abstract: A piston assembly for use in a piston cylinder of an engine is disclosed. The piston assembly includes a piston rod which connects the piston assembly to a crankshaft. The piston rod has a pin receiving opening at an upper end. A piston head having a transverse bore is connected to the piston rod. A piston pin is disposed through the pin receiving opening of the piston rod and the transverse bore of the piston head. The piston pin connects the piston head to the piston rod and has an axial bore. A piston skirt is connected to the piston head. The piston skirt has a transverse bore and an oil reservoir formed in the upper surface. At least one piston skirt pin is disposed through the piston pin axial bore and the transverse bore of the piston skirt to connect the piston skirt to the piston pin. This connects the piston skirt to the piston head. A fastening device secures the piston skirt pin in position within the piston skirt and the piston pin.

Abstract: A two-piece, or articulated, piston assembly for internal combustion engines, comprising a head composed of a top portion and a pair of pin bosses integral with it, a skirt portion, and a wrist pin mounted in the pin boss holes. The pin bosses are secured to a member restraining lateral deformation of the pin bosses. The restraining member may be the wrist pin itself, or defined by a cylindrical hollow pin fastened to the pin boss holes and housing the wrist pin. The thus formed structure prevents deformation of the pin bosses toward the cylinder liner, thereby imparting a higher strength to the piston assembly.

Abstract: A crosshead piston bearing assembly is disclosed. The piston bearing comprises a part-cylindrical upper bearing segment, or slipper, and a pair of spaced part-cylindrical lower bearing segments, or ears, engageable with the upper segment to form a pair of spaced continuous circular bearing surfaces and having an anti-rotation projection on either the slipper or the piston bore. The slipper has an arcuate extent of less than 180.degree. to facilitate replacement of the slipper. The ears have a complementary arcuate extent. The slipper includes axially-spaced notches formed in the ends of the slipper to engage the ears to prevent the ears from moving inwardly into contact with the connecting rod.

Abstract: In a two-piece piston with a head piece and a trunk hinged only over the piston pin, the annular space radially located inside the piston ring groove and open in the direction of the trunk is covered with a sheet metal wall part forming a cooling duct. The sheet metal wall part is held by a collar that extends from the outer annular wall of the head piece and is cramped around the sheet metal wall part. For optimally covering the annular space, the sheet metal wall part is radially divided into two parts.

Abstract: Present day diesel engines having aluminum piston assemblies are limited to combustion chamber pressures of approximately 12,410 kPa (1,800 psi) whereas the desire is to increase such pressures up to the 15,170 kPa (2,200 psi) range. To reach such levels the instant piston assembly includes a steel piston member having an upper cylindrical portion of a diameter "D" and a compression height "CH". The ratio of the compression height "CH" to the diameter "D" being within the range of from 60% to 45%. The piston member is preferably forged and subsequently machined to precisely controllable dimensions. Moreover, the piston assembly is preferably of the articulated type and includes a forged aluminum piston skirt connected to the piston member through a common wrist pin. Engine manufacturers are also demanding a smaller engine package size while retaining power output, improve fuel consumption and decreased emissions.

Abstract: Pistons are described comprising a crown having an associated piston ring groove belt and which crown is supported by gudgeon pin bosses connected thereto by two generally axially extending planar webs which are orientated transversely to the gudgeon pin axis and also supported by at least one subsidiary support rib associated with each planar web and pin boss and which support rib extends in a generally axial direction between the crown underside and pin boss and generally transversely to the planar web. The piston may be of either articulated or monometal construction.

Abstract: A piston has a head portion and a skirt formation, a gudgeon pin by which the piston may be pivotally connected to a connecting rod is supported transversely of the skirt formation, the skirt formation is defined by a pair of part cylindrical skirt portions, the gudgeon pin connecting the skirt portions together and interengaging formations are provided on the head portion and skirt portions to locate the skirt portions axially with respect to the head portion.

Abstract: In order to achieve less deformation under gas pressure load and also under thermal load, the bottom piece of a piston with ring-carrying barrel is configured as a supporting cone tapering towards the piston pin and connected with the piston pin bosses by means of supporting elements. Cone, bosses and supporting elements are made in one piece. The supporting elements comprise walls extending essentially parallel to the axis of the piston pin. First distance (A) to the outer perimeter of the piston in the direction of the piston pin axis (Y--Y) are greater than the corresponding second distances (B) normal to this axis. The end parts of the walls are curved inwardly and leave open an area around an axis (X--X) normal to the piston pin axis.

Abstract: A two-part, low compression height, open-ended hollow skirt-type piston for internal combustion engines has a piston pin creating an articulated connection of the separate skirt and head parts. Guide portions (5) protruding axially in the direction of the piston axis provide lateral guidance and support of the piston head (1) in the piston-pin-axis direction. Each of the guide portions forms a gap with the nearby gudgeon pin boss (3). The gaps receive opposite parallel flat surfaces (4) of the skirt (2). The overhanging guide portions (5) have partly circular recesses permitting assembly of head and skirt with the gudgeon pin.

Abstract: Piston for combustion engines consisting of an upper part forming the piston crown and a lower part forming the piston body. These two piston parts abut via annular contact surfaces in the piston axial direction and are coupled together via a gudgeon pin or a gudgeon pin bushing. In order to arrange such an unscrewed piston in such manner that its upper part need not be constructed to be rigid and heavy as in an articulated piston with pendulum shaft and that the construction of cooling channels between the upper and lower parts is possible without excessive expenditure and the constructional height of the piston can be small, the contact surfaces are mutually prestressed in the direction of the piston axis in that the gudgeon pin bore in the one piston part is arranged to be offset relative to the gudgeon pin bore in the other piston part in the unstressed condition in the direction of the piston axis. In this connection, the offset can amount to 0.5 to 10 parts per thousand of the piston diameter.

Abstract: A crosshead piston 10 comprises a head member 18 and a skirt member 20, each of which can be secured independently to a piston pin 14. The skirt 20 has a reduced diameter upper end portion 66 which fits within lower end 24 of the head member ring belt portion 23, thereby exposing maximum head member surface area to a cylinder or cylinder sleeve wall for cooling. Preferably, the skirt end portion 66 defines a seal groove 32 which contains a metal ring 67 for sealing the gap 62 between the head member and skirt member.

Abstract: A pair of circumferential sliders are positioned symmetrically on opposite sides of a piston, an inner surface of each circumferential slider being connected to a respective bevel rack gear. The rack gears are driven by bevel pinion gears that are attached to opposite ends of a wrist pin connecting the piston to a connecting rod. A pair of passages extend from the top of the piston to a pair of opposite, symmetrically positioned windows that are enlarged and reduced as a crankshaft connected to the lower portion of the connecting rod rotates in order to apply combustion or compression gas pressure in a cylinder to opposed varying areas of the cylinder wall so as to offset the varying lateral component of force applied by the connecting rod to the piston.

Abstract: In a preferred embodiment, a crosshead piston assembly for four-stroke cycle engines includes a novel piston pin bearing assembly having opposed less than semicylindrical insert bearings retained by engagement of arcuately opposite coplanar edge surfaces with like mating surfaces of respective recesses to provide an assembly capable of being practically manufactured to close dimensional tolerances. Broad potential application of the bearing concept is suggested.

Abstract: A piston assembly for an internal combustion engine having a rotatable crankshaft. The piston assembly includes a piston body having a concave configured cavity formed in one end and a plurality of recesses formed in its outer circumference. The piston body is connected to the crankshaft by a connecting rod having a spherical end which mates with the concave configured cavity. The connecting rod is secured to the piston body by an annular skirt which is attached to the piston body by a plurality of bolts. The bolts thread into retainers which are positioned in the recesses formed in the piston body.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a piston for internal combustion engines, compressors and the like, comprising a head portion articulately connected to a separate skirt portion, wherein the skirt portion comprises a steel tubular part obtained by cutting, bending and closing of a piece of steel strip, the outer surface of said tubular part being covered by a layer of antifriction material bonded to said outer surface prior to the cutting, bending and closing of the steel strip.

Abstract: A piston for reciprocating internal combustion engines, especially Diesel engines, is provided having a crown exposed to the heat of combustion gases, a guide member spaced from said crown, a shell connecting said crown and guide member, a ring carrier connected to the crown of said piston, sealing and oil control rings in said ring carrier, said ring carrier being connected to said crown by a constriction situated adjacent a straight line extending through the crown of the piston, said shell being formed at its end away from the crown with a base formed by two bifurcated legs, said legs being arranged symmetrically to a plane extending through the center of the piston and formed with eyes, a wrist pin in said eyes connecting said shell with said guide member, said shell being in the form of a truncated cone provided in its interior with a cavity constructed at least in one direction of the longitudinal axis of the piston.

Abstract: An improved piston structure for Diesel and like reciprocating piston engines is provided having a top and foot, a sealing section on said piston connecting said top and foot, a guide section articulatedly connected to said sealing section through trunnion means on a connecting rod, said guide section having a sliding shell in the form of a collar at its periphery surrounding a wrist pin in the region of its bearing points, and at least one rib for each bearing side in the form of a chord connected to said shell in the region of the bearing point.

Abstract: A connecting rod for reciprocating piston engines, especially axial cylinder-type reciprocating piston engines, with the connecting rod including a tubular shaft having hollow spherical shells mounted at the ends thereof. The tubular shaft and the hollow spherical shells are constructed from a sheet metal-like material and are joined to form a one-piece connecting rod body by way of welding joints. A lubricating tube is arranged within the tubular shaft and extends between the spherical shells so as to equalize the lubricant between surfaces of the hollow spherical shells.

Abstract: An improved piston assembly for high-power internal combustion engines such as supercharged diesel engines. The piston includes separate head and skirt portions. An elongated bearing member having an external journal surface is formed across the bottom of the piston head. A wrist pin, which is attached to or integral with a connecting rod, defines a generally tubular shaped bearing member having an internal bearing surface in which the piston head bearing member is journaled to permit rotational movement between the connecting rod and the piston head. The external journal surface on the piston head is supported by the wrist pin along its entire length to prevent any flexing of the wrist pin when high compressive forces are applied to the piston head. The skirt is connected to the wrist pin by thrust bearings which engage an external journal surface on the wrist pin substantially along its entire length to permit rotational movement between the piston head and the piston skirt.

Abstract: An improved piston assembly for high-power internal combustion engines such as supercharged diesel engines. The piston includes separate head and skirt portions. An elongated tubular-shaped bearing member having an internal bearing surface and an external journal surface is formed across the bottom of the piston head. A connecting rod passes through an opening in the lower center of the bearing member and is attached to a wrist pin which rotates against the internal bearing surface of the tubular-shaped bearing member to permit rotational movement between the connecting rod and the piston head. The wrist pin is supported by the bearing surface along its entire length to prevent any flexing of the wrist pin when high compressive forces are applied to the piston head. The skirt is connected to the piston head by thrust bearings which engage the external journal surface of the bearing member substantially along its entire length to permit rotational movement between the piston head and the piston skirt.

Abstract: Piston-pin for liquid cooled pistons containing a longitudinal bore and end sealing elements closing said bore, said sealing elements being impressed or shrunk into position. More specifically, the sealing elements are cup shaped, having a rim and a base, the wall-thickness relationship between such rim and base being 1 to 0.6, and the rim wall thickness being substantially less than the wall thickness of the piston pin surrounding the longitudinal bore.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine crosshead piston assembly having an outer skirt elastomerically mounted on an inner skirt to reduce piston-slap-caused noise.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine crosshead piston assembly having an outer skirt mounted by an elastomeric member on an inner skirt to reduce piston-slap-caused noise wherein expansible chambers are provided in the elastomeric member and are connected by orifices in the inner skirt to receive and eject oil to provide cooling of the outer skirt and also add a damping effect to further reduce the noise.