Abstract: There is provided according to the present invention a sustained release reactant blend and methods for making and using the sustained release reactant blends. There is further provided methods for using such blends in the in situ or ex situ remediation of contaminated groundwater and in the treatment of water and wastewater. There is further provided, according to the present invention, methods for controllably coating reactant blends whereby such coated blends exhibit sustained release properties and have an open structure.

Abstract: Systems and methods for removing elemental sulfur from a hydrocarbon fluid using an adsorbent.

Abstract: Disclosed in certain embodiments are carbon dioxide sorbents that include porous particles impregnated with an amine compound.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention are generally related to a system and method to remove hydrogen sulfide from sour water and sour oil. In particular, hydrogen sulfide is removed from sour water and sour oil without the need for special chemicals, such as catalyst chemicals, scavenger chemicals, hydrocarbon sources, or a large scale facility. The system and method in the present invention is particularly useful in exploratory oil and gas fields, where large facilities to remove hydrogen sulfide may be inaccessible. The present invention addresses the need for safe and cost effective transport of the deadly neurotoxin. Particular embodiments involve a system and method that can be executed both on a small and large scale to sweeten sour water and sour oil.

Abstract: A structure and system for the adsorption of carbon dioxide from air, the system comprising a sorbent structure comprising a porous substrate having a porous alumina coating on the surfaces of said substrate, and the sorbent for carbon dioxide is embedded on the surfaces of said porous alumina coating. The substrate is preferably a porous monolith, formed from silica or mesocellular foam. The sorbent is an amine group-containing material, preferably loaded at 40 to 60 percent by volume relative to the porous alumina coating.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention are generally related to a system and method to remove hydrogen sulfide from sour water and sour oil. In particular, hydrogen sulfide is removed from sour water and sour oil without the need for special chemicals, such as catalyst chemicals, scavenger chemicals, hydrocarbon sources, or a large scale facility. The system and method in the present invention is particularly useful in exploratory oil and gas fields, where large facilities to remove hydrogen sulfide may be inaccessible. The present invention addresses the need for safe and cost effective transport of the deadly neurotoxin. Particular embodiments involve a system and method that can be executed both on a small and large scale to sweeten sour water and sour oil.

Abstract: A process and equipment for removing carbon dioxide from a process gas (G), with a solid adsorbent and temperature swing adsorption, where the carbon dioxide is removed from process gas in either a first bed (B1) or a second bed (B2) of adsorbent, while the other bed is regenerated with heat furnished by the incoming hot process gas; the beds are contained in vessels (V1, V2) with heat exchange tubes or plates (T1, T2), so that the removal of CO2 takes place by contacting the process gas with the bed in the shell side, and regeneration of a bed takes place by passing the hot process gas inside the tubes.

Abstract: A process for treating a gas stream, such as natural gas, comprising a process design that prevents the formation of undesired sulfur and sulfates from the reaction of oxygen and sulfur is disclosed. After water is removed from the gas stream, a portion of the dried gas stream is sent through a cooled adsorbent bed that has a first layer to remove sulfur compounds and then a layer to remove oxygen. There may be additional layers of adsorbent to remove other contaminants. The gas stream that is then heated to regenerate an adsorbent bed no longer contains sulfur and oxygen and undesirable reactions of sulfur and oxygen are avoided.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention are generally related to a system and method to remove hydrogen sulfide from sour water and sour oil. In particular, hydrogen sulfide is removed from sour water and sour oil without the need for special chemicals, such as catalyst chemicals, scavenger chemicals, hydrocarbon sources, or a large scale facility. The system and method in the present invention is particularly useful in exploratory oil and gas fields, where large facilities to remove hydrogen sulfide may be inaccessible. The present invention addresses the need for safe and cost effective transport of the deadly neurotoxin. Particular embodiments involve a system and method that can be executed both on a small and large scale to sweeten sour water and sour oil.

Abstract: Sorbent for reversible warm CO2 capture. The sorbent includes activated carbon impregnated with magnesium oxide, wherein the magnesium oxide constitutes at least 5% by weight of the sorbent.

Abstract: A pressure swing adsorption process for removal of CO2 from natural gas streams through a combination of a selective adsorbent material containing an effective amount of a non-adsorbent filler, adsorbent contactor design, and adsorption cycle design. The removal of contaminants from gas streams, preferably natural gas streams, using rapid-cycle swing adsorption processes, such as rapid-cycle pressure swing adsorption (RC-PSA). Separations at high pressure with high product recovery and/or high product purity are provided through a combination of judicious choices of adsorbent material, gas-solid contactor, system configuration, and cycle designs. For example, cycle designs that include steps of purge and staged blow-down as well as the inclusion of a mesopore filler in the adsorbent material significantly improves product (e.g., methane) recovery. An RC-PSA product with less than 10 ppm H2S can be produced from a natural gas feed stream that contains less than 1 mole percent H2S.

Abstract: In some embodiments, the present disclosure pertains to methods of capturing a gas from an environment by associating the environment with a porous carbon material that includes, without limitation, protein-derived porous carbon materials, carbohydrate-derived porous carbon materials, cotton-derived porous carbon materials, fat-derived porous carbon materials, waste-derived porous carbon materials, asphalt-derived porous carbon materials, coal-derived porous carbon materials, coke-derived porous carbon materials, asphaltene-derived porous carbon materials, oil product-derived porous carbon materials, bitumen-derived porous carbon materials, tar-derived porous carbon materials, pitch-derived porous carbon materials, anthracite-derived porous carbon materials, melamine-derived porous carbon materials, and combinations thereof. In some embodiments, the associating results in sorption of gas components (e.g., CO2, H2S, and combinations thereof) to the porous carbon material.

Abstract: In some embodiments, the present disclosure pertains to methods of capturing a gas from an environment by associating the environment (e.g., a pressurized environment) with a porous carbon material that comprises a plurality of pores and a plurality of nucleophilic moieties. In some embodiments, the associating results in sorption of gas components (e.g., CO2 or H2S) to the porous carbon materials. In some embodiments, the methods of the present disclosure also include a step of releasing captured gas components from porous carbon materials. In some embodiments, the releasing occurs without any heating steps by decreasing environmental pressure. In some embodiments, the methods of the present disclosure also include a step of disposing released gas components and reusing porous carbon materials. Additional embodiments of the present disclosure pertain to porous carbon materials that are used for gas capture.

Abstract: Articles for capturing or separating a target gas from a gas stream may include a porous substrate such as a flexible sheet or mat, or a rigid ceramic monolith impregnated or coated with a sorbent composition. The sorbent composition may include a polyamine and a coexistent polymer chemically bonded to the polyamine. The polyamine may include a polyethylenimine. The coexistent polymer may include a polyurethane, a polyolefin-acrylic acid copolymer, or a combination thereof. The sorbent composition may be substantially less water-insoluble than compositions containing only a polyamine and may have high durability and good adsorption capacity for acidic target gases such as carbon dioxide. Methods for preparing the articles using aqueous polymer solutions are provided. Methods for capturing or separating target gases using the articles are provided.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process to purify COS and remove H2S without hydrolyzing or trapping the desired COS product.

Abstract: The present invention is related to an apparatus and a method for converting gas into fuel. The apparatus for converting gas into fuel in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention can include: a first gas processing unit discharging first fuel gas by removing hydrogen sulfide in the raw gas by spraying a solution; a second gas processing unit discharging second fuel gas by removing moisture in the first fuel gas; a third gas processing unit discharging third fuel gas by removing hydrogen sulfide remaining in the second fuel gas; and a solution reservoir supplied with the solution from at least one of the second gas processing unit and the third gas processing unit and storing the solution.

Abstract: High volumetric-efficiency thermally integrated systems for capturing a target gas from a process gas stream include a monolithic body and a distribution system. The monolithic body includes a first plurality of channels and a second plurality of channels each having sorbent surfaces that reversibly adsorb the target gas. The channels are in thermal communication such that heat from an exothermic adsorption of target gas in one plurality of channels is used by an endothermic desorption of target gas from the other plurality of channels. Methods for separating a target gas from a process gas stream include switching the high volumetric-efficiency thermally integrated systems between a first state and a second state. In the first state, the first plurality of channels undergoes desorption while the second undergoes adsorption. In the second state, the second plurality of channels undergoes desorption while the first plurality undergoes adsorption.

Abstract: The system includes adsorbent-packed towers 11 and 21 filled with H2S adsorbent which triethanolamine is supported by activated carbon. Mixed gas derived from a synthesis gas containing CO2 and H2S at about 40° C. is supplied to the adsorbent-packed towers 11 and 21 through a line. Valves 12 and 13 are opened, valves 22 and 23 are closed, valves 14 and 15 are closed, and valves 24 and 25 are opened to perform adsorption of H2S contained in the gas to be treated in the adsorbent-packed tower 11 in a dry state and to perform desorption of H2S in the adsorbent-packed tower 21. When adsorption of H2S contained in the gas to be treated is performed in the adsorbent-packed tower 21 and desorption of H2S is performed in the adsorbent-packed tower 11, the valves 12, 13, 24, and 25 are closed and the valves 22, 23, 14, and 15 are opened.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an absorbent composition composed of an iron oxide and/or hydroxide, activated carbon, promoters and binders, in the form of extruded tablets or granules, capable of absorbing impurities from fluid streams in order to eliminate the impurities, mainly sulfur compounds, contained in these streams. The present invention also relates to the methods for obtaining the absorbents, and to the use thereof for eliminating impurities contained in liquid and gaseous streams.

Abstract: A method of temperature swing adsorption allows separation of a first fluid component from a fluid mixture comprising at least the first fluid component in an adsorptive separation system having a parallel passage adsorbent contactor with parallel flow passages having cell walls which include an adsorbent material and axial thermally conductive filaments in direct contact with the adsorbent material. The method provides for transferring heat from the heat of adsorption in a countercurrent direction along at least a portion of the filaments during adsorption and transferring heat in either axial direction along the filaments to provide at least a portion of the heat of desorption during a desorption step. A carbon dioxide TSA separation process to separate carbon dioxide from flue gas also includes steps transferring heat from adsorption or for desorption along axial thermally conductive filaments.

Abstract: A method of reducing the concentration of at least one sulfur compound in a process stream and for recovering at least one sulfur compound from a process stream are provided. A process stream is delivered to a vessel, wherein the vessel comprises an adsorbent material. At least one solvent is transferred into the vessel. One or more fluids are then removed from the vessel. At least one of the fluids removed from the vessel comprises a clean gas. The adsorbent material may be regenerated to yield a high concentration of the at least one sulfur compound.

Abstract: Acid gas is removed from a feed gas in an absorber that produces a treated feed gas and a rich solvent. The treated feed gas is passed through an H2S scavenger bed, and the H2S scavenger bed is regenerated using H2S depleted acid gas flashed from the rich solvent. Most preferably, the off gas from the regenerating bed is injected into a formation.

Abstract: Articles for capturing or separating a target gas from a gas stream may include a porous substrate such as a flexible sheet or mat, or a rigid ceramic monolith impregnated or coated with a sorbent composition. The sorbent composition may include a polyamine and a coexistent polymer chemically bonded to the polyamine. The polyamine may include a polyethylenimine. The coexistent polymer may include a polyurethane, a polyolefin-acrylic acid copolymer, or a combination thereof. The sorbent composition may be substantially less water-insoluble than compositions containing only a polyamine and may have high durability and good adsorption capacity for acidic target gases such as carbon dioxide. Methods for preparing the articles using aqueous polymer solutions are provided. Methods for capturing or separating target gases using the articles are provided.

Abstract: A process for reducing the loss of valuable products by improving the overall recovery of a contaminant gas component in swing adsorption processes. The present invention utilizes at least two adsorption beds, in series, with separately controlled cycles to control the adsorption front and optionally to maximize the overall capacity of a swing adsorption process and to improve overall recovery a contaminant gas component from a feed gas mixture.

Abstract: High volumetric-efficiency thermally integrated systems for capturing a target gas from a process gas stream include a monolithic body and a distribution system. The monolithic body includes a first plurality of channels and a second plurality of channels each having sorbent surfaces that reversibly adsorb the target gas. The channels are in thermal communication such that heat from an exothermic adsorption of target gas in one plurality of channels is used by an endothermic desorption of target gas from the other plurality of channels. Methods for separating a target gas from a process gas stream include switching the high volumetric-efficiency thermally integrated systems between a first state and a second state. In the first state, the first plurality of channels undergoes desorption while the second undergoes adsorption. In the second state, the second plurality of channels undergoes desorption while the first plurality undergoes adsorption.

Abstract: A gas separation process uses a structured particulate bed of adsorbent coated shapes/particles laid down in the bed in an ordered manner to simulate a monolith by providing longitudinally extensive gas passages by which the gas mixture to be separated can access the adsorbent material along the length of the particles. The particles can be laid down either directly in the bed or in locally structured packages/bundles which themselves are similarly oriented such that the bed particles behave similarly to a monolith but without at least some disadvantages. The adsorbent particles can be formed with a solid, non-porous core with the adsorbent formed as a thin, adherent coating on the exposed exterior surface. Particles may be formed as cylinders/hollow shapes to provide ready access to the adsorbent. The separation may be operated as a kinetic or equilibrium controlled process.

Abstract: A gas purification process for treating a gas stream includes supplying the gas stream to at least one membrane unit to produce a permeate stream and a retentate stream. The retentate stream contains a lower concentration of at least one of water, hydrogen sulfide, or carbon dioxide as compared to the gas stream. The retentate stream is supplied to a molecular sieve unit to remove hydrogen sulfide to produce a treated gas product stream.

Abstract: A pressure-temperature swing adsorption process for the removal of a target species, such as an acid gas, from a gas mixture, such as a natural gas stream. Herein, a novel multi-step temperature swing/pressure swing adsorption is utilized to operate while maintaining very high purity levels of contaminant removal from a product stream. The present process is particularly effective and beneficial in removing contaminants such as CO2 and/or H2S from a natural gas at high adsorption pressures (e.g., at least 500 psig) to create product streams of very high purity (i.e., very low contaminant levels).

Abstract: A temperature swing adsorption process for the removal of a target species, such as an acid gas, from a gas mixture, such as a natural gas stream. Herein, a novel multi-step temperature swing/pressure swing adsorption is utilized to operate while maintaining very high purity levels of contaminant removal from a product stream. The present process is particularly effective and beneficial in removing contaminants such as CO2 and/or H2S from a natural gas at relatively high adsorption pressures (e.g., at least 500 psig) to create product streams of very high purity (i.e., very low contaminant levels).

Abstract: A transport tank with high capacity gas scrubbing includes a vertically extending interior wall horizontally dividing the transport tank into a gas scrubbing chamber and a fluid storage chamber. A floor grate is supported within the gas scrubbing chamber at vertically spaced distance from a bottom of the transport tank and defines a gas distribution space between the floor grate and the tank bottom. A gas distribution pipe is disposed within and longitudinally extends the gas distribution space. A gas inlet is fluidically connected to the gas distribution pipe and passes through an exterior wall of the transport tank. A gas scrubbing is material disposed within the gas scrubbing chamber above the floor grate. And a gas outlet is fluidically connected to the gas scrubbing chamber for venting scrubbed gases.

Abstract: The various embodiments of the invention relates to the composition of a hydrogen sulfide capture material and the related method of manufacture. The hydrogen sulfide capture material is formed by solubilizing an iron source in acid to form an aqueous solution comprising iron chloride, neutralizing the aqueous solution with a caustic solution to form a neutralized solution, washing the neutralized solution to separate it into water and a slurry, forming a thickened slurry by removing additional water from the slurry, separating the thickened slurry to produce filtered water and a wet filter cake, and drying the wet filter cake to form granules. The hydrogen sulfide capture material of the present invention removes hydrogen sulfide for a longer time and at a faster rate than the materials of the prior art, thereby improving the efficiency and decreasing the cost of sour gas treatment.

Abstract: Both power and H2 are produced from a gaseous mixture, comprising H2 and CO2, using first and second pressure swing adsorption (PSA) systems in series. The gaseous mixture is fed at super-atmospheric pressure to the first PSA system, which comprises adsorbent that selectively adsorbs CO2 at said pressure, and CO2 is adsorbed, thereby providing an H2-enriched mixture at super-atmospheric pressure. A fuel stream is formed from a portion of the H2-enriched mixture, which is combusted and the combustion effluent expanded to generate power. Another portion of the H2-enriched mixture is sent to the second PSA system, which comprises adsorbent that selectively adsorbs CO2 at super-atmospheric pressure, and CO2 is adsorbed, thereby providing a high purity H2 product. In preferred embodiments, the division of H2-enriched mixture between forming the fuel stream and being fed to the second PSA system is adjustable.

Abstract: Methods are provided for forming zeolite crystals suitable for gas phase separations with transport characteristics that are stable over time. The zeolitic materials and/or corresponding methods of synthesis or treatment described herein provide for improved stability in the early stages of process operation for some types of gas phase separations. The methods allow for synthesis of DDR type zeolites that have reduced contents of alkali metal impurities. The synthetic methods for reducing the non-framework alkali metal atom or cation impurity content appear to have little or no impact on the DDR crystal structure and morphology.

Abstract: Systems and methods are provided for improving separation of gas phase streams using an adsorbent, such as 8-member ring zeolite adsorbents or DDR type zeolite adsorbents. Suitable gas phase streams can include at least one hydrocarbon, such as methane or a hydrocarbon containing at least one saturated carbon-carbon bond, and at least one additional component, such as CO2 or N2. The selectivity of the adsorbent is improved by selectivating the adsorbent with one or more barrier compounds. The presence of the barrier compounds is believed to alter the relative ability of potential adsorbates to enter into and/or move within the pores of the adsorbent.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates generally to contaminant removal from gas streams. In certain embodiments, the present disclosure relates to a process for removing one or more contaminants from a gas stream via contact with a regenerable sorbent at high temperature and pressure, utilizing a unique arrangement of reactors operating in parallel.

Abstract: A device for gas analysis includes a detector tube (2) and can be used in the area of explosive or combustible gases. A filter material, which consists of a granular, porous material and has an impregnation for absorbing toxic gases, is provided between the detector tube (2) and a pump (6).

Abstract: A method is provided for forming a zeolitic imidazolate framework composition using at least one reactant that is relatively insoluble in the reaction medium. Also provided herein is a material made according to the method, designated either as EMM-19 or as EMM-19*, and a method of using same to adsorb and/or separate gases, such as carbon dioxide.

Abstract: A process for conversion of conventional sand granules (or other particulates) to a ‘core-shell’ adsorbent granules in which GO (or GO-f) coating imparts nano structural features on the surface of the sand granules (or other particulates). Such materials are useful in a variety of engineering applications such as water purification, catalysis, capacitors, proppants, casting, and magnetic shielding.

Abstract: A durable carbon pyrolyzate adsorbent having reversible sorptive affinity for hydrogen sulfide, and including the following characteristics: (a) a bulk density as measured by ASTM D2854 in a range of from 0.55 g/cc adsorbent to 1.25 g/cc adsorbent; (b) an H2S capacity in a range of from 140 cc H2S/g adsorbent to 250 cc H2S/g adsorbent, at normal conditions (1 atm, 293.15° K); (c) an H2S capacity in a range of from 1.0 cc H2S/g adsorbent to 15.0 cc H2S/g adsorbent, at partial pressure of 0.76 ton (101.3 Pa) (1000 ppm) of H2S at 293.15° K; and (d) a single pellet radial crush strength in a range of from 7 kilopond (kP) to 40 kilopond (kP) as measured by ASTM D4179.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for producing purified natural gas from feed natural gas comprising water and carbon dioxide, the process comprising the steps of: (a) removing water from the feed natural gas to obtain natural gas depleted in water and comprising carbon dioxide; (b) contacting the natural gas obtained in step (a) with solid sorbent comprising a metal organic framework to remove at least part of the carbon dioxide, thereby obtaining the purified natural gas.

Abstract: Hydrogen sulfide is removed from a hydrogen rich gas stream using adsorbents having a low loss of carbon dioxide adsorption capacity upon sulfur loading including high purity silica gels, titania or highly cross-linked, non-chemically reactive resins. The adsorbents may be used to adsorb both carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide, or may be used as a guard bed upstream of a separate carbon dioxide adsorbent.

Abstract: A method of recycling a tail gas includes converting sulfur present in an acid gas stream into elemental sulfur to produce a tail gas and recycling the tail gas to at least one of a gasification reactor and a gas removal subsystem.

Abstract: A method is provided for forming a zeolitic imidazolate framework composition using at least one reactant that is relatively insoluble in the reaction medium. Also provided herein is a material made according to the method, designated either as EMM-19 or as EMM-19*, and a method of using same to adsorb and/or separate gases, such as carbon dioxide.

Abstract: An acid-gas sorbent comprising an amine-composite. The present composite may comprise a first component comprising an amine compound at a concentration of from about 1 wt % to about 75 wt %; a second component comprising a hydrophilic polymer and/or a pre-polymer compound at a concentration of from about 1 wt % to about 30 wt %; and a third component comprising a cross-linking agent, and/or a coupling agent at a concentration of from about 0.01 wt % to about 30 wt %.

Abstract: With a method and a system for treatment of a hot crude gas generated by an entrained flow gasification system, removal of the compounds that contain sulfur and carbon is supposed to be undertaken in such a manner that hot gas is made available for further use. This is achieved in that a desulfurization (7) follows the gasifier (2), in series, in the flow path of the hot gas, followed by a solid separation (8, 9), whereby behind the solid separation (8, 9), a partial stream (13) of the gas is provided downstream by way of a water quench (14), a Venturi scrubber (15), a crude gas cooler (16), as well as an H2O separation (17) and a compressor (18), the flow path (19) of which is passed back, cooled, into the circuit, behind the gasification (2) and ahead of the desulfurization system.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a carbon dioxide capture power generation system provided with a boiler to combust a fuel in the oxygen atmosphere, a carbon dioxide capture equipment to remove carbon dioxide in the wake flow of the boiler, a piping branching from the wake flow of the boiler to recycle the combustion exhaust gas to the boiler, and a desulfurization equipment to remove sulfur oxides and a sulfuric acid removal equipment to remove a sulfuric acid gas in the upstream of carbon dioxide capture equipment and in the wake flow of the boiler.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates generally to contaminant removal from gas streams. In certain embodiments, the present disclosure relates to a process for removing one or more contaminants from a gas stream via contact with a regenerable sorbent at high temperature and pressure, utilizing a unique arrangement of reactors operating in parallel.

Abstract: A desulfurizer includes a filled chamber having a raw fuel passage through which a raw fuel flows, the filled chamber being filled with a desulfurizing agent, a supply chamber disposed upstream of the filled chamber, for uniformly supplying the raw fuel to the raw fuel passage, and a discharge chamber disposed downstream of the filled chamber, for uniformly discharging the raw fuel from the raw fuel passage. The raw fuel passage has first and second reversers for reversing the direction in which the raw fuel flows. The raw fuel passage has a cross-sectional area which is smaller in a downstream portion thereof than in an upstream portion thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the separation of gases which comprises putting a mixture of gases in contact with a zeolite of the ESV type to obtain the selective adsorption of at least one of the gases forming the gaseous mixture. The present invention also relates to particular zeolitic compositions suitable as adsorbents.

Abstract: A differential absorption spectrum for a reactive gas in a gas mixture can be generated for sample absorption data by subtracting background absorption data set from the sample absorption data. The background absorption data can be characteristic of absorption characteristics of the background composition in a laser light scan range that includes a target wavelength. The differential absorption spectrum can be converted to a measured concentration of the reactive gas using calibration data. A determination can be made whether the background composition has substantially changed relative to the background absorption data, and new background absorption data can be used if the background composition has substantially changed. Related systems, apparatus, methods, and/or articles are also described.