Abstract: Methods, apparatus, and systems for removing contaminant in a fluid (e.g., chemical and petrochemical gas streams) using nanostructures of a sorbent material coated on plates such as a silicon wafer. A plurality of such coated plates can be assembled to form a sorption structure having channels between the plates. When a fluid containing the contaminant is directed through the channels, the contaminant is adsorbed by the nanostructures of the sorbent material.

Abstract: A process is provided for recovering methane from landfill feed gas and other anaerobic digestors. The process comprising the following steps: firstly treating the feed gas to remove H2S; subsequently compressing the gas; and then treating the gas to remove further impurities. Additionally, there is provided a chiller for reducing the temperature of a gas flow. The chiller comprising: a shell arranged to be chilled, a plurality of bores through the shell and through which the gas flows, in use, and forming, together with the shell, a heat exchanger, a tangential inlet to each bore for creating a spiral flow of the gas through the bore, in use. Furthermore, a process is provided for purifying a gas feed using a reversible gas absorber unit comprising two hollow fiber gas/liquid contactors, each of which is arranged to provide a counter-current flow.

Abstract: A method for the purification of a feed gas stream containing CO2 and water and at least one impurity chosen from NOx and SOx, comprising the incorporation of a purification step for the preferential elimination of water is provided.

Abstract: The various embodiments of the invention relates to the composition of matter of a hydrogen sulfide sorption material and the related method of manufacture and method of use. The Capture Material is manufactured from steel or iron solubilized with hydrochloric acid. The resulting iron chloride solution is treated with caustic solution to increase the pH, and then further neutralized with lime. Prior to filtration, a flocculent is used to aid in the separation of the Capture Material. After filtration, the Capture Material is dried, crushed, and screened to an appropriate mesh size and packaged. The Capture Material is used by charging standard sorption towers and allowing hydrogen sulfide laden gas or vapor to flow through a bed of the Capture Material. The Capture Material thereby chemically and physically sorbs the hydrogen sulfide and removing the hydrogen sulfide from the gas or vapor exiting the sorption tower.

Abstract: Acid gas is removed from a feed gas in an absorber that produces a treated feed gas and a rich solvent. The treated feed gas is passed through an H2S scavenger bed, and the H2S scavenger bed is regenerated using H2S depleted acid gas flashed from the rich solvent. Most preferably, the off gas from the regenerating bed is injected into a formation.

Abstract: Methods of purifying H2Se by removing H2S and/or H2O are disclosed. The amount of H2S in the H2Se-containing gas is reduced below 10 ppmv by passing the H2Se-containing gas through an AW-500 molecular sieve. H2S and H2O are removed by passing H2Se through a 4 A molecular sieve and subsequently passing H2Se through an AW-500 molecular sieve.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of purifying H2Se by removing H2S and H2O.

Abstract: A sorption agent comprising activated carbon and an impregnation of the activated carbon for the sorption of air pollutants, wherein the impregnation contains a zinc compound and a molybdenum compound, as well as a gas-filtering element, such as a respirator canister, containing said sorption agent.

Abstract: This invention provides a metal complex having a gas adsorption capability, a gas storing capability, and a gas separation capability. The present invention attained the above object by a metal complex comprising: a dicarboxylic acid compound (I) represented by the following General Formula (I), wherein R1, R2, R3, and R4 are as defined in the specification; at least one metal ion selected from ions of a metal belonging to Group 2 and Groups 7 to 12 of the periodic table; and an organic ligand capable of bidentate binding to the metal ion, the organic ligand belonging to the D?h point group, having a longitudinal length of not less than 8.0 ? and less than 16.0 ?, and having 2 to 7 heteroatoms.

Abstract: A method of remediating at least a portion of a building that contains defective drywall is presented. The method comprises removal of the defective drywall and cross-contaminated drywall, actively desorbing volatile compounds from the building materials exposed after removal of the drywall and passively desorbing remaining contaminants by depositing a film of an absorbent on the accessible surfaces of the exposed building materials. Active desorbing of volatiles can be carried out with forced thermal desorption, where the interior surfaces of the building are heated while the air is removed and replaced with air free of the volatile compounds. The absorbent for passive desorption can be a nanoparticulate metal oxide.

Abstract: A process for removing polar components from a process stream in a refinery process without cooling the process stream. The process stream is fed to a first adsorber unit to remove contaminants containing sulfur at substantially the same elevated temperature by exposing the process stream to a metal oxide and/or a mixed metal oxide to remove the sulfur containing contaminants and produce a metal sulfide and a desulfurized process stream. The metal sulfide may be regenerated by exposing it to a stream of oxygen and the desulfurized process stream exposed to the regenerated metal/mixed metal oxide to remove moisture from the stream. The stream is then processed within a second adsorber unit to remove nitrogen containing contaminants at substantially the same elevated temperature by exposing the stream to a molecular sieve and/or zeolite.

Abstract: Gas desulfurization sorbents and methods using them for removal of sulfur from gas streams, particularly at high temperatures ranging from 500 to 1000° C. The sorbents and methods are of particular application to produce a sulfur-clean feed from reformate gas generated from readily available transportation fuels containing sulfur. Sorbents of the invention can reduce the sulfur concentration in reformate gas to parts per billion on volume basis (ppbv) levels over a large range of temperatures. Sorbent materials of this invention comprise a nickel phase dispersed on a particulate support or a monolith support. The support can be a high surface area support with surface area of 100 m2/g or higher. The invention also provides systems for desulfurizing reformate gas and systems for providing a desulfurized gas to a fuel cell, particularly a solid oxide fuel cell.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention are directed to systems and methods for treating landfill gas using landfill leachate. In one embodiment of the present invention, a method includes receiving landfill leachate from at least one of a plurality of sources, and pretreating the landfill leachate to adjust at least one chemical property of at least one component of the landfill leachate. The leachate contacts landfill gas, so that at least one component of the landfill gas chemically reacts with at least one component of the landfill leachate to form a spent landfill leachate and a treated landfill gas. The method also includes recycling a first portion of the spent landfill leachate, recirculating a second portion of the spent landfill leachate to at least one of the plurality of sources, and subjecting the treated landfill gas to flare.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to processes and systems for recovering helium from low helium-containing feed gases (i.e., containing less than about 10 volume % helium and more typically, less than about 5% helium by volume). The present invention more particularly relates to processes and systems for recovering helium from low helium-containing feed gases using temperature swing adsorption (TSA) systems and multiple (e.g. two) stage vacuum pressure swing adsorption (VPSA) systems. In preferred embodiments of the invention, the first stage VPSA system is configured to provide regeneration gas for the TSA system, and/or the VPSA second stage tail gas is recycled to the first stage VPSA system.

Abstract: A silicate-resistant sorbent composition, as well as a method of making and using the same, is provided. The sorbent composition generally comprises a support component comprising one or more silicate-resistant silica-containing components that have been treated one or more silicate-inhibiting metals. The inventors have discovered that sorbent compositions made and used according to embodiments the present invention exhibit a surprisingly low in situ silicate generation rate when exposed to oxidative regeneration conditions.

Abstract: A gas separation process uses a structured particulate bed of adsorbent coated shapes/particles laid down in the bed in an ordered manner to simulate a monolith by providing longitudinally extensive gas passages by which the gas mixture to be separated can access the adsorbent material along the length of the particles. The particles can be laid down either directly in the bed or in locally structured packages/bundles which themselves are similarly oriented such that the bed particles behave similarly to a monolith but without at least some disadvantages. The adsorbent particles can be formed with a solid, non-porous core with the adsorbent formed as a thin, adherent coating on the exposed exterior surface. Particles may be formed as cylinders/hollow shapes to provide ready access to the adsorbent. The separation may be operated as a kinetic or equilibrium controlled process.

Abstract: A regenerable sorbent for the removal of acid gas from a fluid stream. The regenerable sorbent is made from raw materials such as iron mineral, expansive clay and starch. Acid gas is removed from the fluid stream by a process where the raw materials are obtained, crushed, sifted, possibly pelletized, calcined and contacted with the fluid stream containing the acid gas.

Abstract: A composition useful for the adsorptive removal of hydrogen sulfide from a gas or liquid stream, the composition comprising ferric oxide and a zeolyte group. The zeolyte group may comprise aluminum and silicon at a ratio in the range from about 1 part aluminum to 100 parts silicon to about 100 parts aluminum to 1 part silicon, and have a mix of amorphous aluminosilicate and structured zeolyte, wherein the structured zeolyte comprises a distribution of zeolytic cells ranging in size from about 3 Angstroms to about 16 Angstroms. Also disclosed is a process for removing hydrogen sulfide from various process stream by contact with such a composition.

Abstract: A method comprising (i) providing a metal organic framework formed by AlIII ions to which fumarate ions are coordinated to produce a porous framework structure, (ii) bringing a substance into contact with the metal organic framework such that the substance is uptaken by the porous metal organic framework to provide storage of or controlled release of, the substance.

Abstract: Dry-scrubbing media compositions, methods of preparing same, and methods of use are provided. The compositions contain activated alumina and potassium carbonate. Optionally, activated carbon and other impregnates, such as sulfates of group 1A metals, are included in the compositions. The compositions exhibit improved efficiency and capacity for the removal of compounds such as chlorine or sulfur dioxide from an air-stream. The compositions are particularly useful for reducing or preventing the release of toxic gaseous compounds from the areas such as petroleum storage areas, refineries, drinking water systems, sewage treatment facilities, swimming pools, hospital morgues, animal rooms, and pulp and paper production sites.

Abstract: An article comprising a substrate; and a carboxylic acid alkali salt disposed on the substrate, wherein the carboxylic acid alkali salt is derived from a carboxylic acid having at least one dissociation constant greater than or equal to 5. The article may be useful, for example, in the removal of an acid gas component from a gas.

Abstract: A method for separating a sulphur compound from a gas mixture. The method includes contacting a gas mixture with an adsorbent which includes a metal-organic framework (MOF) comprising a tridimensional succession of motifs having the formula: MmOkXlLp wherein, inter glia, M is a metal ion selected from the group consisting of Ti4+, V4+, Zr4+, Mn4+, Si4+, Al3+, Cr3+, V3+, Ga3+, In3+, Mn3+, Mn2+ and Mg2+, L is a spacer ligand including a radical having one or more carboxylate groups.

Abstract: A differential absorption spectrum for a reactive gas in a gas mixture can be generated for sample absorption data by subtracting background absorption data set from the sample absorption data. The background absorption data can be characteristic of absorption characteristics of the background composition in a laser light scan range that includes a target wavelength. The differential absorption spectrum can be converted to a measured concentration of the reactive gas using calibration data. A determination can be made whether the background composition has substantially changed relative to the background absorption data, and new background absorption data can be used if the background composition has substantially changed. Related systems, apparatus, methods, and/or articles are also described.

Abstract: The invention provides a water gas shift process comprising a reaction stage. The reaction stage comprises (a) providing a gas mixture comprising CO, H2O and an acid gas component to a reactor containing an adsorbent, and (b) subjecting the gas mixture to water gas shift reaction conditions to perform the water gas shift reaction. The adsorbent comprises an alkali promoted alumina based material. The acid gas component comprises H2S.

Abstract: A method for removing contaminants from a natural gas stream such as a biogas/landfill gas stream. The natural gas stream is fed to a first adsorption unit for removal of certain contaminants and then to a second adsorption unit for the removal of additional contaminants. Alternatively, a membrane stage may be employed between the adsorption units. The method utilizes the external purge to enhance pressure swing adsorption working capacity so that the vacuum level required for regeneration is not as high.

Abstract: The invention relates to a hybrid nano sorbent that is capable of reducing and/or removing acidic gases in a gas stream. The hybrid nano sorbent includes at least (i) a nano-structured carbonous material including at least one organic functional group, (ii) at least one metal from at least one of groups 2A, 6B, 7B, 9B or 10B of the periodic table of elements, or (iii) a combination of (i) and (ii). The method for reducing and/or removing the acidic gases in a stream is also described.

Abstract: A substrate or method for the sorption of sulfur compounds with a high capacity includes providing a substrate that defines at least one layer of ultra-short-channel-length mesh, coating at least a portion of the substrate with a desired sorbent for sulfur sorption, and passing a flowstream through the substrate and in contact with the sorbent during sorption.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention are directed to systems and methods for treating landfill gas using landfill leachate. In one embodiment of the present invention, a method includes receiving landfill leachate from at least one of a plurality of sources, and pretreating the landfill leachate to adjust at least one chemical property of at least one component of the landfill leachate. The leachate contacts landfill gas, so that at least one component of the landfill gas chemically reacts with at least one component of the landfill leachate to form a spent landfill leachate and a treated landfill gas. The method also includes recycling a first portion of the spent landfill leachate, recirculating a second portion of the spent landfill leachate to at least one of the plurality of sources, and subjecting the treated landfill gas to flare.

Abstract: Fluid storage and dispensing systems, and processes for supplying fluids for use thereof. Various arrangements of fluid storage and dispensing systems are described, involving permutations of the physical sorbent-containing fluid storage and dispensing vessels and internal regulator-equipped fluid storage and dispensing vessels. The systems and processes are applicable to a wide variety of end-use applications, including storage and dispensing of hazardous fluids with enhanced safety. In a specific end-use application, reagent gas is dispensed to a semiconductor manufacturing facility from a large-scale, fixedly positioned fluid storage and dispensing vessel containing physical sorbent holding gas at subatmospheric pressure, with such vessel being refillable from a safe gas source of refill gas, as disclosed herein.

Abstract: Hydrogen sulfide is removed from a hydrogen rich gas stream using adsorbents having a low loss of carbon dioxide adsorption capacity upon sulfur loading including high purity silica gels, titania or highly cross-linked, non-chemically reactive resins. The adsorbents may be used to adsorb both carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide, or may be used as a guard bed upstream of a separate carbon dioxide adsorbent.

Abstract: A system for removal of H2S from sulfur-containing reformate comprising a permanent canister assembly having fittings for flow of reformate therethrough and a replaceable cartridge assembly containing an H2S adsorber element and fittings for convenient, simple, and reliable mating and sealing with the permanent canister assembly. The cartridge assembly comprises a housing that may be optionally a full cylinder or a semi-cylinder. The cartridge assembly may be easily reloaded off-line for re-use of the cartridge components with a fresh adsorber element. Preferably, the adsorber element is also renewable off-line for re-use.

Abstract: Disclosed is a doped cerium oxide sorbent that can effectively and regenerably remove H2S in the temperature range of about 500° C. to about 1000° C. Regenerable sorbents (e.g., ZnO, La2O3, CeO2) and methods of using them are disclosed that allow cyclic desulfurization from about 300-500° C., 350-450° C., and at about 400° C. In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a method of desulfurizing fuel gas comprising passing the fuel gas through the sorbent at a space velocity wherein the sulfur compounds are adsorbed substantially on the surface of the sorbent; and regenerating the sorbent by passing a regenerating gas through the sorbent, wherein substantially all of the sulfur compounds are desorbed from the sorbent surface. In a further embodiment, the method of desulfurizing fuel gas further comprises repeating the aforementioned steps while the fuel processor is in operation.

Abstract: A regenerable sorbent for the removal of acid gas from a fluid stream. The regenerable sorbent is made from raw materials such as iron mineral, expansive clay and starch. Acid gas is removed from the fluid stream by a process where the raw materials are obtained, crushed, sifted, possibly pelletized, calcined and contacted with the fluid stream containing the acid gas.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for making a hybrid composition membrane comprising the steps of preparing a sol comprising at least one poly(amino-alcohol) and at least one alkoxy silane, casting the sol on a surface and drying the casted sol to form the hybrid composition membrane. The hybrid composition membrane may be used for capturing and separating CO2 and/or H2S from a gas sample.

Abstract: A differential absorption spectrum for a reactive gas in a gas mixture can be generated for sample absorption data by subtracting background absorption data set from the sample absorption data. The background absorption data can be characteristic of absorption characteristics of the background composition in a laser light scan range that includes a target wavelength. The differential absorption spectrum can be converted to a measured concentration of the reactive gas using calibration data. A determination can be made whether the background composition has substantially changed relative to the background absorption data, and new background absorption data can be used if the background composition has substantially changed. Related systems, apparatus, methods, and/or articles are also described.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for removing heavy hydrocarbons and hydrogen sulfide from natural gas. The combination of a silica-gel and an activated carbon adsorber allow for a significant reduction in the overall bed volume required for removal of hydrocarbons.

Abstract: The present application is directed to a method and system for preparing gaseous utility streams from gaseous process streams, nitrogen process streams, and other types of streams. The methods and systems may include at least one swing adsorption process including pressure swing adsorption, temperature swing adsorption, and rapid-cycle adsorption processes to treat gaseous streams for use in dry gas seals of rotating equipment such as compressors, turbines and pumps and for other utilities. The systems and processes of the present disclosure are further applicable to high pressure gaseous streams, for example, up to about 600 bar.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for producing purified synthesis gas from synthesis gas comprising sulphur contaminants in the ppmv range, the process comprising the step of: (a) contacting the synthesis gas comprising sulphur contaminants with solid sorbent comprising a metal organic framework, thereby separating sulphur contaminants from the synthesis gas to obtain purified synthesis gas.

Abstract: A process for the removal of contaminants from a gas stream is disclosed. A gas stream is contacted with a chlorine-containing compound to form a mixed gas stream. The mixed gas stream is then contacted with a sorbent in a sorption zone to produce a product gas stream and a sulfur laden sorbent, wherein the sorbent comprises zinc and a promoter metal.

Abstract: The present invention provides a functionalized adsorbent for removal of acid gases, which comprises a pore-expanded mesoporous support having a pore volume of between 0.7 and 3.6 cc/g, a median pore diameter of between 1 and 25 nm, and a BET surface area of between 500 and 1600 m2/g. The support is functionalized by addition of acid-gas reactive functional groups within the pores and external surface of said support material. Also provided are methods of manufacturing the adsorbent and methods of use.

Abstract: A differential absorption spectrum for a reactive gas in a gas mixture can be generated for sample absorption data by subtracting background absorption data set from the sample absorption data. The background absorption data can be characteristic of absorption characteristics of the background composition in a laser light scan range that includes a target wavelength. The differential absorption spectrum can be converted to a measured concentration of the reactive gas using calibration data. A determination can be made whether the background composition has substantially changed relative to the background absorption data, and new background absorption data can be used if the background composition has substantially changed. Related systems, apparatus, methods, and/or articles are also described.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, a method of removing sulfide(s), which is safe, is effective over long periods at low cost, and exerts no adverse influences on the environment. The present invention relates to a method of removing sulfide(s), characterized in that a medium containing sulfide(s), including hydrogen sulfide and mercaptan(s), is allowed to come into contact with 2-bromo-2-nitropropane-1,3-diyl diacetate. Also, the present invention relates to the method, wherein the medium is a solid, liquid, or gas. In accordance with the present invention, sulfide(s), including hydrogen sulfide and mercaptan(s), can efficiently be treated so that they may be removed at low cost without the need for large-capacity equipment. In addition, the present invention can be safely practiced because there is no generation of byproducts that irritate the skin.

Abstract: Zinc oxide-based sorbents, and processes for preparing and using them are provided. The sorbents are preferably used to remove one or more reduced sulfur species from gas streams. The sorbents comprise an active zinc component, optionally in combination with one or more promoter components and/or one or more substantially inert components. The active zinc component is a two phase material, consisting essentially of a zinc oxide (ZnO) phase and a zinc aluminate (ZnAl2O4) phase. Each of the two phases is characterized by a relatively small crystallite size of typically less than about 500 Angstroms. Preferably the sorbents are prepared by converting a precursor mixture, comprising a precipitated zinc oxide precursor and a precipitated aluminum oxide precursor, to the two-phase, active zinc oxide containing component.

Abstract: A system employing a regenerable zinc-oxide based sorbent to remove one or more contaminants from an incoming gas stream. The contaminant-depleted gas stream can then be used for any subsequent application, while at least a portion of the contaminant-laden sorbent can be regenerated via a step-wise regeneration process. In one embodiment, sorbent regenerated via the step-wise regeneration process can comprise less sorbent-damaging compounds than traditional sorbents exposed to conventional regeneration processes.

Abstract: A process for the abatement of carbonyl sulphide, carbon disulphide, metal carbonyl compounds, hydrogen sulphide and hydrogen cyanide, ammonia and arsenic and chlorine compounds from a feed gas comprising the steps of contacting the gas in succession with a first purification agent comprising activated carbon, with a second purification agent comprising alumina, with a third purification agent comprising zinc oxide, with a fourth purification agent comprising a zeolitic material and a fifth purification agent comprising zinc oxide and copper oxide.

Abstract: Hydrogen sulfide is removed from a hydrogen rich gas stream using adsorbents having a low loss of carbon dioxide adsorption capacity upon sulfur loading including high purity silica gels, titania or highly cross-linked, non-chemically reactive resins. The adsorbents may be used to adsorb both carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide, or may be used as a guard bed upstream of a separate carbon dioxide adsorbent.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new method for removing and recovering of acid gases from a gaseous mixture in an absorption plant by adding an organic acid to a stream of the rich absorbent in the desorber in order to release acid gas by shifting the acid gas equilibrium towards the gas side, and the organic acid is subsequently separated from the absorbent. With this method, the energy consumption of the process is substantially reduced. The invention also relates to an apparatus for performing this method.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the separation of gases which comprises putting a mixture of gases in contact with a zeolite of the ESV type to obtain the selective adsorption of at least one of the gases forming the gaseous mixture. The present invention also relates to particular zeolitic compositions suitable as adsorbents.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for the removal of sulphur compounds from a hydrocarbon stream, especially a gaseous hydrocarbon gas stream, comprising said sulphur compounds, which process comprises contacting said gas stream with an adsorbent comprising a zeolite having a pore diameter of at least 5 ? to adsorb the sulphur compounds thereon, the adsorption process followed by a regeneration process of used, loaded adsorbent by contacting the said loaded adsorbent with a regeneration gas stream having a relative water humidity less than 100%, especially less than 80%. Suitably the regeneration is followed by a dry regeneration treatment. The invention further relates to a process for the regeneration of adsorbent comprising a zeolite having a pore diameter of at least 5 ? loaded with sulphur compounds by contacting the adsorbent with a regeneration gas stream having a relative water humidity less than 100%, especially less than 80%. Suitably the regeneration is followed by a dry regeneration treatment.

Abstract: The separation of a target gas selected from a high pressure gas mixture containing said target gas as well as a product gas using a swing adsorption process unit. A turboexpander is used upstream of the swing adsorber to reduce the pressure of the high pressure gas mixture. A compressor is optionally used downstream of the swing adsorber to increase the pressure of the target gas-containing stream for injecting into a subterranean formation.