Abstract: Disclosed is a continuous process in which a subset of a number of mutually identical columns, are connected in series. The process liquid, e.g. crude cell culture harvest, is supplied to the most upstream column of the subset. It flows successively through the in series connected columns and leaves the subset through the most downstream and flows into the downstream collection vessel. As soon as the packed bed of the most upstream column is become saturated with product, this column is disconnected from the subset. It is removed from the series connection. A replacement, identical, column is added such that it is connected in series downstream from the most downstream column of the subset. This process is repeated.

Abstract: A static mixer device comprising a housing having a proximal end, a distal end, and an opening extending between the proximal and distal ends. In certain embodiments, a plurality of metal frits is positioned within the opening of the housing, each of the metal frits extending across a cross-sectional dimension of the opening and having interconnected porosity. In other embodiments, one or more mixer elements fabricated using laser additive manufacturing technology and having novel configurations are positioned within the opening of the housing. In yet other embodiments, the housing comprises multiple openings having different diameters from each other, with each opening either extending through the housing with a constant diameter or with one or more of the openings having a varying diameter.

Abstract: A chromatography column distribution system (101) comprises a set of first bed support ribs (107) extending radially from a inner, first radial position (R1) near the centre of the plate to a outer radial position nearer to the periphery (109) of the plate and at least one set of intermediate bed support ribs (117, 119) starting at an intermediate radial position (R2, R3) and extending to an outer radial position nearer to the periphery (109) of the plate (101), whereby channels are formed between adjacent bed support ribs (107, 117, 119).

Abstract: The invention relates to a monolithic porous material based on amorphous silica or activated alumina or on one of their mixtures, the material comprising substantially rectilinear capillary ducts that lie parallel to one another, and being intended to be used as packing in a chromatography column, characterised in that: the ducts have, relative to one another, a substantially uniform cross section; the cross-section of each duct is uniform over its entire length; the ducts pass right through the material; the volume of micropores smaller than 0.3 nm is smaller than 50% of the total porous volume of the material.

Abstract: An internal static mixing system such as a disperser of mesh wire or expanded metal co-knit with a multi filament material selected from inert polymers, catalytic polymers, catalytic metals or mixtures in combination with a vertical reactor having a reaction zone and the disperser disposed in said reaction zone, particularly for carrying out paraffin alkylation using acid catalyst is disclosed. The wire mesh provides the structural integrity of the system as well as the open space required in reactors for the movement of vapors and liquids though the system. The disperser may be in sheets, bundles or bales or positioned within a frame.

Abstract: A chromatography column distribution system (101) comprises a set of first bed support ribs (107) extending radially from a inner, first radial position (R1) near the centre of the plate to a outer radial position nearer to the periphery (109) of the plate and at least one set of intermediate bed support ribs (117, 119) starting at an intermediate radial position (R2, R3) and extending to an outer radial position nearer to the periphery (109) of the plate (101), whereby channels are formed between adjacent bed support ribs (107, 117, 119).

Abstract: An apparatus for treating gas by using a filler is provided, for example, using an agent for detoxicating a waste gas which includes toxic substances such as silane, phosphine, hydrogen chloride, dichlorosilane, ammonia and/or various gases used in a semiconductor manufacturing process, a liquid crystal display element manufacturing process or the like. A detoxicating agent layer is provided in a flow path within a gas treating column, and ring-shaped baffle plates are provided so as to contact the upstream surface and the downstream surface of the detoxicating agent layer, with the outer edge of the baffle plate making contact with the wall of the flow path. A width of the baffle plate is set to not smaller than five times the outer diameter of the filler and not larger than 9% of the inner diameter of the gas treating column when the outer diameter di of the filler and inner diameter D of the gas treating column satisfy a relation of 5di?0.

Abstract: The present invention is a flow distributor and integral bed support for a chromatography column. The flow distributor has an outlet extending through it and a bottom face across which is secured a bed support. The bottom face has a series of ribs extending radially outward from a center portion of the face. The bed support is secured to the flow distributor about its outer periphery and this amount of available surface area of the flow distributor and/or face that is used to secure the bed support is less than about 10%. A distribution disk is arranged over the inlet and extends across from about 1 to about 30% of the flow distributor's surface area, ending just short of the inner edge of the ribs closest to the center point of the flow distributor face. This disk is mounted on two or more legs so as to be of substantially the same height as the ribs. The disk projects the fluid flow in a 360° radial distribution without any noticeable partitioning.

Abstract: An apparatus, system and method reduce the cool down time of GC ovens by supplying larger volumes of air through oven intake ducts. The system and method provide intake cross-sheets in an oven intake duct to reduce airflow spin, increasing the flow rate of fresh air into the GC oven and reducing the overall cool-down time of the GC oven. In addition, because the improved airflow allows the oven wall temperature to quickly match the oven air temperature, the noise in the temperature signal may be reduced. As a result, the GC oven can reach an equilibrium “ready” state faster. Furthermore, the utilization of the cross-sheets may allow for flexibility in the design of a fast GC oven—specifically in the location and shape of the intake duct—without loss of performance. This flexibility may become increasingly significant as GC ovens continue on the trend of becoming smaller and faster.

Abstract: A temperature programmable microfabricated gas chromatography column enables more efficient chemical separation of chemical analytes in a gas mixture by the integration of a resistive heating element and temperature sensing on the microfabricated column. Additionally, means are provided to thermally isolate the heated column from their surroundings. The small heat capacity and thermal isolation of the microfabricated column improves the thermal time response and power consumption, both important factors for portable microanalytical systems.

Abstract: A new class of miniaturized gas chromatographic columns has been invented. These chromatographic columns are formed using conventional micromachining techniques, and allow packed columns having lengths on the order of a meter to be fabricated with a footprint on the order of a square centimeter.

Abstract: A chromatography column with filters having minimal volume. A stamped screen disk is coated with fluorocarbon polymer on both sides, leaving a center area open. The fluorocarbon polymer coating serves as a gasket, providing reliable sealing for pressure up to approximately 10000 psi. The chromatography column comprises a fitting having an internal cavity. A fluorocarbon polymer coated screen is placed within the cavity. A threaded capillary tubing is screwed inside the cavity. At the end of the capillary lies a compression screw solvent tubing connection.

Abstract: The sample vessel 1 comprises plurality of vessels 1a. The vessel 1a comprises an opening for sample inlet 3, a liquid sample outlet 4, and a silicon oxide composite particles structural body 2 is arranged at the bottom of the vessel 1a, i.e. the liquid sample outlet 4. The silicon oxide composite particles structural body 2 is a structural body composed of a composite made of plural silicon oxide particles having smaller diameter combined with a resin particle having larger diameter. Accordingly, even if the diameter of the silicon oxide particles 7 is set small in order to maintain the nucleic acid combination ability high, the presence of the resin particles 6 having a large diameter makes it possible to ensure the liquid conduction path, and the nucleic acid separating vessel, which is capable of suppressing decrease of the B/F separating velocity with maintaining the nucleic acid combining ability high can be realized.

Abstract: A chromatography column having an end arrangement including an end plate having a fluid opening and a filter extending over an internal surface of the end plate to define a fluid flow zone between them into which the fluid flow opens is disclosed. There is a liner between the end plate's internal surface and the filter layer. The liner has a surface relief pattern to space the filter layer from the end plate and maintain the fluid flow zone across the filter.

Abstract: Device (DME) or panel for collecting, distributing, mixing or drawing off several fluids, at least one main fluid and at least two secondary fluids, that comprises at least: means for collecting a main fluid (3, 9), at least two injection and/or draw-off rails (6, 7) that allow the passage of secondary fluids, at least two mixing chambers (11a, 11b) that communicate with injection and/or draw-off rails (6, 7) with orifices or passages (6i, 7i), means (12, 4) for redistributing the fluid that is obtained from said mixing chambers, means (5a, 5b) for separating collecting and redistributing means and draw-off rails (6, 7) are arranged one above the other, and mixing chambers (11a, 11b) are arranged on both sides of the rails and symmetrically relative to the orifices that have an injection function.

Abstract: Injection or extraction device that comprises at least one injection or extraction rail 2 that is integral with a chamber 1 for injecting a fluid F2 into a zone Z1 or for extracting a fluid F1 from zone Z1 in which said fluid circulates, whereby the rail comprises at least one orifice 3 that makes it possible for fluid F2 to pass into zone Z1 or for said fluid F1 to be extracted from zone Z1 and that in front of each orifice comprises at least one means 5 for at least partial blocking of the orifice, whereby the means is located downstream or upstream from the rail in the direction of circulation of fluid F2 and that makes it possible for fluid F2 to pass into zone Z1 or for said fluid F1 to be extracted from zone Z1. Use of the device for monitoring the injection or extraction of a first fluid in the simultaneous presence of a second fluid that is different from the first fluid.

Abstract: A novel chromatograph is provided. The chromatograph includes an analytical column which is a channel with a rectangular cross-section. Integrated with the chromatograph are a sample collection channel and a restriction channel. The column, sample collection channel, and restriction are all part of a single unitary microstructure. The microstructure is manufactured by irradiating and etching a material subject to synchronized x-ray radiation. The device will either be made of the actual etched material, or the etched material will be used as a mold or model to fabricate the chromatograph. A method of using the device is also disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a single-phase fluid distributor-mixer-extractor for separating beds of granular solids used in chromatography. The distributor includes a device for adding or removing a secondary fluid. The distributor further includes at least one calibrated orifice having a geometry designed to create a sufficient pressure drop to confine fluid turbulence inside a mixing chamber.

Abstract: The invention is a column for separating a substance from a liquid having a plurality of separable compounds. The column has at least a first and a second bed of granular solids separated by at least one device, the device has at least a collection device which collects the substance to be separated, the collection device being in fluid connection to at least one mixing chamber, at least a first circuit for injection and/or removal of a first secondary fluid B.sub.1 and at least a second injection and/or removal circuit of a second secondary fluid B.sub.2. The injection and/or removal circuits are in communication with the mixing chamber with at least one opening allowing passage of the secondary fluids B.sub.1, B.sub.2 into the mixing chamber.

Abstract: Disclosed is a single-phase fluid distributor-mixer-extractor for separating beds of granular solids used in chromatography. The distributor includes a device for adding or removing a secondary fluid. The distributor further includes at least one calibrated orifice having a geometry designed to create a sufficient pressure drop to confine fluid turbulence inside a mixing chamber.

Abstract: A device for distributing, mixing, injecting, and/or removing several fluids, one of the fluids being a main fluid A.sub.1, and at least a first secondary fluid B.sub.1 and a second secondary fluid B.sub.2, said device having means (3, 4) for collecting said main fluid A.sub.1, said collecting means being related to at least one mixing chamber having at least one wall substantially parallel to the device axis circuit (12, 5) of a first secondary fluid B.sub.1, and at least a second injection and/or removal circuit (13, 6) of a second secondary fluid B.sub.2, said injection and/or removal circuits being in communication with the mixing chamber (7) by means of one or more openings (15, 16) allowing passage of said secondary fluids B.sub.1 and B.sub.

Abstract: In a chromatography column one or more of the end plates defining the column are provided with specially designed lands and grooves to more effectively uniformly distribute the input liquid over the column cross-sectional area and thus improve the separation of sample components, the upper end wall of the column being adjustably positionable to vary the axial length of the column by means of novel structure including readily releasable speed nuts engageable with externally threaded rods, the seal between the movable upper plate and the column wall being so designed as to minimize dead space and thus further increase separating power, and the structure for adjustably positioning said top wall includes elements enabling that structure and the top wall connected thereto to be conveniently supported in inverted condition when separated from the remainder of the column structure.

Abstract: Process for forming high-contrast silver images which comprises treating a light-sensitive silver halide photographic material provided with a hydrophilic colloidal layer containing a silver halide emulsion layer coated on a support and containing a tetrazolium compound, after imagewise exposure, with a developer and/or a processing solution prior to the developing, both of which contains at least a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound substituted with at least mercapto, thioketone or thioether group.

Abstract: A negative image silver halide photographic emulsion comprising substantially surface latent image-type silver chlorobromide or silver chlorobromoiodide grains with an iodide content of up to about 7 mol%, wherein the mean grain size of the silver halide grains is not greater than about 0.7.mu., a binder is present in an amount of not more than about 250 g per mol of silver halide, and at least one compound represented by the following general formula (I):r.sup.1 nhnhcho (i)wherein R.sup.1 represents an aryl group.

Abstract: A photographic element comprising a support, a layer containing certain photographically useful fragments and a layer containing a dye mordant composition comprising a polymer having recurring units of the formula: ##STR1## wherein: A comprises polymerized units of ethylenically unsaturated monomers;R is H or alkyl;R.sup.1 is H, alkyl or is a group containing at least one atomatic nucleus;Q is a linking group;Y is H or an inert group;X is a leaving group;E and F are the atoms necesary to complete a 5-7 membered heterocyclic ring;N is 0 to 2;M is 1 to 3;P is 0 or 1;X is 0 to 90 weight percent; andY is 10 to 100 weight percent of the polymer.The polymeric mordants covalently bond with dyes or dye precursors and are especially useful in diffusion transfer processes.

Abstract: Presensitized printing plates for lithographic printing which comprise an aluminum support having an anodically oxidized aluminum oxide film thereon and a light-sensitive layer containing internal latent image type silver halide grains which are not fogged on the anodically oxidized aluminum oxide film on the support.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic light-sensitive material containing at least one negative image silver halide photographic emulsion layer comprising silver halide grains that have an average grain size of not more than about 0.7 .mu. and are substantially of the surface latent image type and containing a binder in an amount of not more than about 250 g per mol of silver halide, and containing a compound represented by the following general formula (I):r.sup.1 nhnhcor.sup.2 (i)wherein R.sup.1 represents an aryl group; and R.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom, a phenyl group or an unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms; in at least one of the hydrophilic colloid layers, and a compound represented by the following general formula (II) or (III): ##STR1## wherein Y represents a sulfur atom, a selenium atom, an oxygen atom, a nitrogen atom or a divalent residue; --NR.sup.4 --, wherein R.sup.

Abstract: Photosensitive substituted-halide silver halide emulsions are prepared by substituting bromide and/or iodide anions for part of the chloride anions of a silver iodochloride emulsion. These substituted-halide silver halide emulsions are particularly useful as negative working silver halide emulsions in diffusion transfer processes.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a silver halide photographic emulsion and particularly to a silver halide photographic emulsion spectrally sensitized for argon laser beam exposure having an improved high spectral sensitivity to flash exposure using flash rays having main emission peaks at wave lengths of 514.5 nm, 488.0 nm and 476.5 nm (argon laser rays).

Abstract: A silver halide photographic emulsion containing at least one sensitizing dye represented by the following general formula (I), ##STR1## in which Z represents an atomic group necessary for forming a benzoxazole nucleus or a naphthoxazole nucleus; R.sub.1 represents an aliphatic group; R.sub.2 represents an alkyl group, an allyl group or an aryl group; R.sub.3 represents a 2-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-ethyl group, a 2-(2-acyloxyethyoxy)-ethyl group, an N-(N,N-dialkylaminoalkyl)carbamoylalkyl group, an N-(N,N,N-trialkylammoniumalkyl)carbamoylalkyl group or an N,N,N-trialkylammoniumalkyl group; X represents an acid anion; and n represents 0 or 1.

Abstract: A process for forming a direct positive image by developing, after imagewise exposure to an internal latent image type light-sensitive silver halide photographic material, with a surface developer for silver halide, which process comprises incorporating at least one fogging agent selected from hydrazine compounds, N-substituted cycloammonium salts and benzimidazole derivatives in combination with an amineborane compound into said light-sensitive silver halide photographic material, said surface developer and/or a treating bath used prior to the treatment by said surface developer.

Abstract: Photographic additives in particular water-insoluble photographic additives are rendered easier to incorporate into photographic layers by finely dividing them, mixing them with a finely divided water soluble substance and compressing the resulting mixture into the form of a tablet. The tablets which contain from about 1 to 50% by weight of the photographic additives are then dissolved in the coating composition and this disperses the water insoluble additive uniformly throughout the coating composition.

Abstract: Process for developing light-sensitive silver halide photographic materials with a developing solution in the presence of one or more of sulfur-containing amine compounds.

Abstract: An image forming method comprising development processing a silver halide photographic material in the presence of at least one block copolymer represented by the following general formula (I):y[(ch.sub.2 ch.sub.2 ch.sub.2 ch.sub.2 o).sub.m --(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.n --R].sub.x (I)and/or the general formula (II):ho(ch.sub.2 ch.sub.2 o).sub.a (CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.b (CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.c H (II)wherein Y represents an organic residue of x valence; R represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group containing 1 to 18 carbon atoms; m is an integer of from 5 to 50; n is an integer of from 10 to 100; b is an integer of from 8 to 50; a + e ranges from 5 to 100; and the polyoxyethylene moieties therein comprise about 10 to about 70% by weight of the total weight of the compound; and x represents an integer of from 1 to 3.

Abstract: Ultraviolet radiation sensitive photographic film material comprising a silver halide emulsion of at least 50 mole % silver chloride and a yellow filter dye over said silver halide emulsion layer.

Abstract: Positive images including color images are obtained by imagewise exposure and development of a material which comprises at least one light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer which contains an unfogged direct-positive silver halide emulsion, when the development is carried out in the presence of a fogging agent of the formula ##STR1## wherein the symbols are defined as hereinafter. The fogging agent is preferably contained in a layer of the material and more preferably in the unfogged direct-positive silver halide emulsion layer. For the production of color instant images the material may also contain non-diffusible color providing compounds capable in their oxidized form of being split under alkaline photographic development conditions to release diffusible dyes.

Abstract: A process for the stabilization of and the prevention or substantial reduction of fogging in the use of photographic silver halide emulsions, characterized in that compounds selected from the group consisting of those represented by the general formulas I, II, and III: ##STR1## are added to the emulsion, before or during chemical sensitization and before coating of the emulsions onto a support therefor, wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are as herein described.

Abstract: A method of producing a lithographic photosensitive material comprising adding a water soluble iridium compound to the photographic emulsion in a ratio of about 10.sup.-6 to 10.sup.-4 mole per mole of the silver halide at the first or second ripening procedure of a silver halide photographic emulsion containing at least 60 mole% silver chloride, further adding a hydroxytetrazaindene compound and a polyoxyethylene compound to the photographic emulsion and coating the photographic emulsion on a support.

Abstract: An improved photographic silver-halide emulsion containing a sensitizer additive which is an asymmetrical disulfide of the formula(W).sub.a (X).sub.b A--S--S--B(Y).sub.c (Z).sub.dwherein:A and B are each aryl, alkyl or aralkyl radicals,X and Y are each carboxyl or alkoxycarbonyl groups,W and Z are each amino groups which may be alkylated or acylated,a, b, c, d are each 0 to 3 anda + d .gtoreq. 1 and b + c .gtoreq. 1.

Abstract: Photographic silver halide emulsions which have their sensitivity increased by the addition of sulfur-substituted isothioureas of the formula; ##STR1## where R, R.sub.2, and R.sub.3 are organic radicals and R.sub.1 is an organic radical or H.

Abstract: Photographic colloid-silver halide emulsions are chemically sensitized by digestion at pH.gtoreq. 7 and the addition prior to or during digestion of at least one organophosphine sulfide of the general formula: ##STR1## WHEREIN (A) R is individually selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and a monovalent organic radical; m is 0, 1 or 2; and not more than one of said R's is hydrogen when m is 0; X represents a group having the formula: ##STR2## wherein Z is a divalent organic radical, n is 0 or 1, or (B) X.sub.m and R.sub.3-m together comprise a single trivalent heterocyclic radical.

Abstract: A direct positive silver halide photographic light-sensitive material comprising a support having thereon at least one silver halide emulsion layer of the internal latent image type and being capable of forming a direct positive image, in which at least one hydrophilic colloid layer contains at least one heterocyclic quaternary salt compound represented by the following general formula (I) ##STR1## wherein Z represents an atomic group necessary for forming a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic nucleus, R.sub.1 represents an aliphatic group, R.sub.2 represents a hydrogen atom or an aliphatic group, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4, which may be the same or different, each represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an aliphatic group, an alkoxy group, a hydroxy group or an aromatic group, and at least one of R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 represents a propargyl group, a butynyl group or a substituent containing a propargyl or butynyl group, X.crclbar.

Abstract: New cyanine dyes derived from di-halogen-benzoxazoles and benzothiazoles are desensitizers for silver halide negative emulsions and useful electron acceptor spectral sensitizers for direct positive silver halide emulsions.

Abstract: A photographic material is described for making positive images by reversal processing, the material comprising a support and a silver halide Lippmann-emulsion layer the average silver halide grain-size of which is less than 100 nm wherein the grains have been chemically sensitized to fog so that a test portion of the emulsion when coated on a support at a coverage of silver halide corresponding to from about 3 g to about 7 g of silver nitrate per sq.m. gives a density between about 0.20 and about 0.70 upon development without exposure for 6 min at 20.degree. C in a developer of the composition:Hydroquinone: 16.5 gPotassium bromide: 1.7 gSodium salt of EDTA: 1.7 gPotassium metabisulphite: 40 g1-phenyl-5-mercaptotetrazole: 35 gSodium hydroxide and water to make: 1 liter at pH 11.

Abstract: A method for spectrally sensitizing a silver halide photographic emulsion with a supersensitizing combination as hereinafter described, wherein the combination of a trimethinecyanine dye and a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound having a mercapto group, which is capable of producing a slightly soluble silver salt by reacting with a silver ion, is incorporated in the emulsion in a supersensitizing amount.

Abstract: A direct-positive photographic silver halide emulsion which is spectrally sensitized with a cyanine dye in which the position 2 or 4 of a 1,8-naphthyridine ring is joined through the position 2 of a thiazole ring through a methine linkage is disclosed. Said emulsion has no decreasing tendency of the maximum density and shows no color stain due to the remains of the dye. Photographic elements employing such emulsion are also disclosed.

Abstract: A development method which comprises developing a silver halide photographic ligh-sensitive material in the presence of a compound represented by the following general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 each represent a hydrogen atom, alklyl group, alkenyl group, aralkyl group or aryl group, X represents an anion, and P is 1 or 2.

Abstract: A direct positive silver halide light-sensitive material capable of forming direct positive images comprising a support having coated thereon at least one internal image type silver halide emulsion layer, wherein at least one hydrophilic colloid layer contains a heterocyclic quaternary salt compound represented by formula (I) in an amount necessary to provide the silver halide photographic emulsion with a fogging function. ##STR1## wherein Z is an atomic group necessary for completing a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic nucleus, R.sub.1 is an aliphatic group, R.sub.2 is a hydrazonoalkyl group, X.crclbar. is an anion, and n is 1 or 2.

Abstract: Very high speed direct-positive photographic emulsions comprising silver halide grains fogged with both reduction and gold fogging agents are described. For some applications other fogging agents, e.g. compounds of metals more electropositive than silver, can be substituted for the gold fogging agent. Photographic elements employing such emulsions and processes for preparing them are also disclosed.

Abstract: .Iadd.Light-sensitive photographic direct positive silver salt emulsions for use in photographic elements are disclosed. The emulsions contain silver salt grains, typically silver halide grains. The silver salt grains are comprised of a core containing centers which promote the deposition of photolytic silver and a shell covering the core. The shell is fogged and develops to silver without exposure. .Iaddend.