Abstract: A photosensitive silver halide emulsion preferably gelatin-free wherein the emulsion peptizer comprises an N-alkenyl carbamate polymer or copolymer.

Abstract: A method of flocculating a gelatin-silver halide photographic emulsion, which comprises flocculating the silver halide with gelatin at a pH of 6 or less in the presence of a polymer consisting essentially of recurring units represented by General Formula (Ia) or (Ib): ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, which can be the same or different, represent aliphatic groups, R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic group, an aryl group or an aralkyl group, X represents --O-- or --NH--, M represents a cation and X and R.sup.3 may linked to each other to form a cyclic amino group.

Abstract: A laminated negative acting presensitized planographic printing plate for use in dry planography having(a) a base layer.(b) a silicone rubber layer overlying the base layer, and(c) a photoadhesive layer overlying the silicone rubber layer comprising at least one photopolymerizable unsaturated compound having a boiling point above 100.degree. C and a photoinitiator.Under exposure to light through a negative transparency, the photoadhesive layer polymerizes in the exposed image area and adheres to the underlying silicone rubber layer, while remaining non-adhesive to the underlying silicone rubber layer in the unexposed non-image area.The unexposed photoadhesive layer only is removed to bare the underlying silicone rubber layer which is made an ink-repellent non-image area and the photoadhesive layer remaining in the exposed area is made an ink-receptive image area.

Abstract: A silver halide emulsion is made by continuous conversion of a more soluble silver halide into a less soluble silver halide. From a first part of up to 50% of the total amount of silver nitrate by reaction with a first water soluble halide a silver halide is precipitated consisting at least partly of a more readily soluble silver halide, e.g. silver chloride. In the presence of this more readily soluble silver halide the remaining silver nitrate is reacted with a second water soluble halide composition to form the residual silver halide (main precipitation). The amount of total halide in the precipitation is slightly more than equivalent to the amount of silver ions. However the amount of halide that forms the less readily soluble silver halide is less by at least 5 mol% than equivalent to the amount of silver ions in the precipitation medium.

Abstract: Oxazolidines and tetrahydro-1,3-oxazines which are substituted with 3-acryloyl or 3-methacryloyl groups are prepared by adding to an excess of a ketone and in the presence of a hydrogen chloride acceptor, about equimolecular amounts of a 2- or 3-amino lower alkanol and of acryloyl chloride or methacryloyl chloride, heating the mixture, and eliminating the unreacted ketone by destillation. The ketone corresponds to the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 = alkyl (1-4 C),R.sub.2 = alkyl (1-4 C) or phenyl, orR.sub.1 and R.sub.2 together represent the atoms necessary to complete an alicyclic group.These unsaturated oxazolidines and tetrahydro-1,3-oxazines may be homo- or copolymerized, and these polymers may be used as plasticizers for gelatin, e.g. in photographic layers containing gelatin.

Abstract: An image-forming process which comprises, upon conducting intensification of images using an intensifier containing at least one intensifying agent selected from the group consisting of peroxides, halogenous acids and cobalt (III) complex compounds, on a color photographic element comprising a support having at least one silver halide emulsion layer in the presence of a reducing agent, adding a mercapto group-free and nitrogen-containing hetero ring compound and a compound represented by the following general formula having a polymerization degree of 1 - 8,000;-- (A).sub.x -- (B).sub.y --wherein A represents ##STR1## or --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --O--, wherein R represents ##STR2## or --OH, with m being an integer of 3 - 7, R.sub.1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and R.sub.

Abstract: The production of an image in a dry process by forming a vesicle image upon the decomposition of a peroxide compound at image nuclei of silver by providing a layer containing a silver salt which forms upon exposure to light, in imagewise distribution, image nuclei. The silver salt has a grain size of less than 0.3 .mu.m and is present in the layer in an amount of from 1 - 500 mg/m.sup.2.

Abstract: Photographic elements are described which comprise a support having thereon at least one image dye-providing layer unit and at least one layer containing an immobile anionic organic acid having an equivalent weight based on acid groups of at least 70 and less than 800. In one embodiment, photographic elements of this invention can be contacted with a transition metal-ion complex such as a cobalt(III) ion complex before contact with a fixing bath and sufficient transition metal ion will be retained in the photographic element to bleach the silver in said element.

Abstract: A process is described for the hardening of a protein-aceous layer or layers, more especially of gelatin layers, e.g. gelatin layers in a photographic material, by the application on this layer or layers of a coating composition comprising a low molecular weight, fast-acting, carboxyl group-activating hardening agent in combination with a film-forming, hydrophilic, polymeric, fast-acting hardening agent carrying one or more carboxyl group-activating substituents.

Abstract: An intensification processing in photographic processing for color photographic elements is effectively performed with less formation of fog by incorporating in at least one of the silver halide emulsion layers or in an auxiliary layer adjacent to a silver halide emulsion layer one or more compounds of the general formula--(A).sub.x -- (B).sub.y --wherein A represents ##STR1## (wherein R represents ##STR2## or --OH; m represents an integer of 3 to 7; R.sub.1 represents an alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms; and R.sub.

Abstract: As quick-acting hardeners for protein-containing photographic layers, which do not adversely affect the sensitizers and color couplers in the photographic materials, carbodiimide compounds containing sulphobetaine groups are used.

Abstract: The present invention relates to light-sensitive photographic material with a light-sensitive heavy metal compound, e.g. a silver halide, and a spectral sensitizer. The spectral sensitizer is a compound in which the radicals of a sensitizing dyestuff are covalently bonded to amino, imino, hydroxyl, mercapto, carboxylic acid or carboxylic acid amide groups of a natural hydrophilic colloid, preferably gelatin.The invention also relates to new sensitizing dyes which are dinuclear cyanine dyes or merocyanine dyes which have attached either to a heterocyclic nucleus of the dye or to its methine chain a group which is reactive with a hydrophilic colloid.

Abstract: Photographic elements are described which comprise a support having thereon at least one image dye-providing layer unit and at least one layer containing an immobile anionic organic acid having an equivalent weight based on acid groups of at least 70 and less than 800. In one embodiment of this invention, photographic elements can be contacted with a transition metal-ion complex such as a cobalt(III) ion complex before contact with a fixing bath and sufficient transition metal ion will be retained in the photographic element to bleach the silver in said element.

Abstract: A photographic silver halide emulsion wherein the emulsion binder comprises the reaction product of 1) a reactant having an amino, mercapto or hydroxy functionality and a cationic active group with 2) a copolymer of maleic anhydride and an ethylenically unsaturated copolymerizable monomer.

Abstract: The sensitivity of silver halide emulsions is increased if the silver halide is precipitated in the presence of a peptization agent which consists partially or wholly of a copolymer comprising 0.1 to 20 mol% of recurring structural units of the formula ##STR1## in which X is hydrogen or alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and Y is a 8-hydroxyquinoline group attached through its 5- or 7-position.

Abstract: A photosensitive silver halide emulsion wherein the emulsion binder comprises a polyvinyl aminimide polymer or copolymer.

Abstract: A photographic light-sensitive material with an uppermost layer thereon containing a gelatin derivative and silicic anhydride colloid.

Abstract: This invention relates to a silver halide photographic material at least one gelatin layer of which contains a copolymer derived fromI vinyl acetate and another monomerIi an allyl or methallyl acyl acetate and optionallyIii a sulphonate with an allyl or methallyl group.The material can be hardened to a greater degree than the usual materials.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel polymers containing a plurality of hydroxyl groups having aminimide groups attached thereto through an ether linkage and to methods for attaching said aminimide groups onto said polymers containing a plurality of hydroxyl groups.

Abstract: Polyoxyethylene compounds carrying thioether groups as substituents on the linear chain are described for accelerating or activating development of exposed silver halide elements.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic light-sensitive material in which a surface layer thereof contains an inorganic material comprising as a main component alumina-magnesium silicate to improve upon the characteristics of the surface.

Abstract: Colloidally stable dispersions of a spectral sensitizing dye are formed directly in water without the use of an organic solvent. The process of the invention involves mixing the dye particles with water to form a slurry and then homogenizing or milling the slurry at an elevated temperature in the presence of a surfactant to form finely divided particles uniformly dispersed in the water.

Abstract: A photographic light-sensitive material comprising a support having thereon at least one light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer and with at least one photographic layer of the photographic light-sensitive material containing a liquid organopolysiloxane having therein at least one siloxane unit, in which (1) a methyl group and (2) an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkoxyalkyl group, an aralkyl group, an aryloxyalkyl group or a 2,3-epoxypropyloxyalkyl group with each group having at least 5 carbon atoms are attached to the silicon atom of the siloxane unit.

Abstract: A rapid drying photographic element suitable for rapid processing by the stabilization process is provided. The element comprises a support bearing (1) an acidic developer layer and (2) a basic gelatino-silver halide emulsion layer, both layers containing a binder comprising a substantial amount of colloidal silica.

Abstract: Method and composition for improving lubricity, abrasion resistance, and lowering the coefficient of friction of substrates such as photographic film, magnetic surfaces and other recording elements by applying to such substrates a solution comprising tetrafluoroethylene telomer and a copolymer of vinyl chloride and trifluorochloroethylene in a volatile solvent, drying and removing the excess, and substrates so lubricated.

Abstract: A method is described for developing silver halide emulsions wherein development is activated by incorporating in the developing composition or the emulsion a homopolymer or copolymer comprising (meth)acrylate or (meth)acrylamide units in which the ester linked or amide linked group contains at least one thioether sulphur atom.

Abstract: The mechanical properties of gelatin layers for photographic materials are improved by the addition of water-insoluble, elastic copolymers which consist of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid esters (I) which may be mixed with other vinyl and divinyl monomers (II) and which contain comonomers (III) which contain disulfone imidoester or sulfonimidophosphoric acid ester or amide groups.

Abstract: A hydrocarbon polymer, such as high density polyethylene, is rendered photodegradable through the introduction into the polymer chain of photosensitive >C= O groups by reacting the polymer with a compound such as NOCl in the heterogeneous phase in an acid environment so that - NO groups are introduced into the polymer chain which are converted into >N--OH groups and then subjecting the resultant polymer to hydrolysis so that the >N--OH groups are converted into photosensitive >C = O groups.

Abstract: A photographic emulsion containing a novel amphoteric copolymer which comprises:A. 0.5 to 30 mole % of cation-site containing repeating units of the formula (I) ##EQU1## wherein R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group and n is 1, 2, 3 or 4;B. 0.5 to 30 mole % of anion-site containing repeating units of the formula (II) ##EQU2## wherein R.sub.2 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and X represents ##SPC1##--COOM, --SO.sub.3 M or --COO(CH.sub.2).sub.m SO.sub.3 M, where M is a cation and m is 3 or 4; andC. the balance of repeating units of the formula (III) ##EQU3## wherein R.sub.3 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 each represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group or a substituted alkyl group thereof. The novel amphoteric copolymer can be substituted partly or entirely for the gelatin in a photographic emulsion, with excellent photographic effects.

Abstract: A silver halide photographic light-sensitive member comprising a support having on one side of the support at least one silver halide photographic emulsion layer and on the other side of the support at least one layer containing at least one dye represented by the general formula (I): ##SPC1##wherein Z is a group of atoms required for forming an indolenine nucleus or benzindolenine nucleus; R.sup.1 is a lower alkyl group or a lower alkenyl group; R.sup.2 is an --OXSO.sub.3 .sup.- group or an ##EQU1## group wherein X is an alkylene group or an alkenylene group, and Y is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, an acyl group, or an --OXSO.sub.3 .sup.- group; R.sup.3 is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, a hydroxy group, an alkoxy group, an alkylthio group, a carboxy group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an alkoxycarbonylamino group, or an acylamino group; and p is an integer of 1 or 2.

Abstract: A stabilizer precursor comprising a certain halo organic compound having a halogen substituent which is a chlorine, bromine or iodine atom in a photothermographic element or composition provides improved post-processing stability. This stabilizer precursor is useful in photothermographic materials, for example, comprising photosensitive silver salt and an oxidation-reduction image-forming combination comprising a heavy metal salt oxidizing agent with a reducing agent. Certain of the halo organic compounds are incubation antifoggants for certain of the photothermographic materials.

Abstract: Supported silver halide photosensitive materials comprising an antistatic additive which comprises a glycidol poly-addition product of a phenol-aldehyde condensate.

Abstract: A multi-layer color photographic light-sensitive material providing clear and sharp color images of improved color reproduction which comprises a support having thereon at least two hydrophillic colloid layers, at least one of the hydrophillic colloid layers being a light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer, at least one of the hydrophilic colloid layers containing a basic synthetic polymer and at least one of the hydrophillic colloid layers containing a surface active agent represented by the General Formula (II) ##EQU1## wherein D.sub.1 and D.sub.2 each represents an aliphatic group having 4 to 20 carbon atoms, and M represents a cation; or the General Formula (III).sup.+m'0.sub.3 s.sup.---(o).sub.b-1 --D.sub.3 (III)wherein D.sub.3 represents an aliphatic group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms, M' represents a cation, and b represents 1 or 2.

Abstract: A process is described of improving the development characteristics of photographic silver halide elements by the use of compounds corresponding to the formula:RO(CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O).sub.n (CO).sub.m Awherein:R represents hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl or (--CO).sub.m --A,n is an integer of at least 4,m is 0 or 1, andA represents, when m is O, sulphoalkyl, carboxyalkyl, or sulphoalkoxycarbonylalkyl, and when m is 1, carboxyalkyl, sulphoalkoxycarbonylalkyl, carboxyalkenyl, sulphoalkoxycarbonylalkenyl, carboxyphenyl, sulphoalkoxycarbonylphenyl or sulphophenyl,The aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having at most 4C-atoms and the carboxyl and sulpho groups being in acid or salt form. The polyethylene glycol derivatives increase developability and sensitivity of black-and-white as well as colour emulsions. They also improve lith-development of photographic "lith"-emulsions.

Abstract: A water-insoluble polymer comprising repeating units at least 1/3 of said repeating units having the formula: ##SPC1##Wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are hydrogen or alkyl and R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are alkyl groups wherein the total number of carbon atoms in R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 is at least 12 and X.sup.-is an anion; is useful in dye mordant compositions in photographic elements. Preferred dye mordants comprise copolymers with styrene or methyl methacrylate.

Abstract: Silver halide emulsion layers are formed by applying a water-soluble silver halide complex to a gelled substrate, and treating to decomplex to form silver halide crystals therein.

Abstract: An antistatic photographic sensitive material comprising a support having thereon at least one silver halide emulsion layer, wherein a surface active copolymer containing in the main chain a repeating unit represented by the formula (I) ##EQU1## wherein Y represents an organic residue having 4 to 22 carbon atoms; n represents the average number of ethyleneoxy units and is 1 to 100; and M represents a hydrogen atom, an alkali metal atom, an alkaline earth metal atom, an ammonium group or an alkylammonium group is present in at least one of a surface of the support and a photographic layer.

Abstract: Photosensitive polymers and their process of preparation which can be crosslinked by a vinyl polymerization initiated by photochemical means and which are derived from the reaction of polymers containing zerewitinoff-active hydrogen atoms with N-methylol compounds or with N-Methylol ethers of acrylamides or substituted acrylamides. The modified polymers optionally in admixture with other vinyl group containing monomers are useful for purposes such as photosensitive copying layers, coatings and molded articles.

Abstract: A quaternary salt-type reactive polymer composition comprising therein repeating monomer units represented by the following general formula ##SPC1##Wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxycarbonyl group, having 2 to 8 carbon atoms an aryl group, a carbamoyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a carboxy group, or an acyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms; R.sub.2 represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or a cyano group; R.sub.3 represents a hydrogen atom, a carbamoyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a nitro group, a cyano group, an alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms or an alkoxy carbonyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms; Y represents a divalent radical having 1 to 12 carbon atoms; and X.sup.

Abstract: A direct-positive photographic material for producing images by fogging development wherein the photographic material contains an unfogged silver halide emulsion layer. The silver halide grains in the unfogged emulsion have a layered grain structure wherein there is a first phase in which is localized a relatively high silver chloride content of at least 20 mol percent based on the total silver halide content of the grain. A second phase contains from less silver chloride than the first phase down to no silver chloride and the total silver chloride in the grain does not exceed 30 mol percent.The physical position of the first phase in the grain is not critical.The emulsion is either not chemically sensitized or only slightly sensitized.The photographic material and its use includes both producing black and white and colored photographic images and has high sensitivity to light and by fogging development yields pure image whites.

Abstract: A heat developable light-sensitive material having increased transparency comprising, on a support, an organic silver salt, a light-sensitive silver halide, a reducing agent, a binder and an overcoat layer consisting essentially of a polymer.