Abstract: Improved anisotropic fluid separation membranes are prepared from blends of polymers with surface energy differences. The membranes are formulated by processes wherein low surface energy polymer with desirable fluid separation and permeation characteristics is preferentially concentrated in the surface discriminating layer of the membrane.

Abstract: Membranes useful in separating moleculres or catalytic conversions comprise a substrate, a zeolite or zeolite-like layer, a selectivity enhancing coating in contact with the zeolite layer and optionally a permeable intermediate layer in contact with the substrate the zeolite layer being in contact either with the substrate or the optional intermediate layer.

Abstract: A separation membrane useful for gas separation, particularly separation of C.sub.2+ hydrocarbons from natural gas. The invention encompasses the membrane itself, methods of making it and processes for using it. The membrane comprises a polymer having repeating units of a hydrocarbon-based, disubstituted polyacetylene, having the general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is chosen from the group consisting of C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl and phenyl, and wherein R.sub.2 is chosen from the group consisting of hydrogen and phenyl. In the most preferred embodiment, the membrane comprises poly(4-methyl-2-pentyne) ?PMP!. The membrane exhibits good chemical resistance and has super-glassy properties with regard to separating certain large, condensable permeant species from smaller, less-condensable permeant species. The membranes may also be useful in other fluid separations.

Abstract: A dehumidifying method which comprises contacting a gas containing water vapor to one side of a vapor permselective membrane, while contacting a dry gas to the other side of the membrane, to let the water vapor selectively permeate through the membrane, wherein the membrane is made of an ion exchange membrane having ion exchange groups, of which counter ions are partly or entirely substituted by metal ions.

Abstract: Improved composite semipermeable membranes including microporous carbonaceous adsorptive material supported by a porous substrate for use in separating multicomponent gas mixtures in which certain components in the mixture adsorb within the pores of the adsorptive material and diffuse by surface flow through the membrane to yield a permeate stream enriched in these components. Methods for making the improved composite membranes are described including one or more oxidation steps which increase the membrane permeability and selectivity.

Abstract: Methods of forming permselective oxide membranes that are highly selective to permeation of hydrogen by chemical deposition of reactants in the pore of porous tubes, such as Vycor.TM. glass or Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 tubes. The porous tubes have pores extending through the tube wall. The process involves forming a stream containing a first reactant of the formula RX.sub.n, wherein R is silicon, titanium, boron or aluminum, X is chlorine, bromine or iodine, and n is a number which is equal to the valence of R; and forming another stream containing water vapor as the second reactant. Both of the reactant streams are passed along either the outside or the inside surface of a porous tube and the streams react in the pores of the porous tube to form a nonporous layer of R-oxide in the pores. The membranes are formed by the hydrolysis of the respective halides. In another embodiment, the first reactant stream contains a first reactant having the formula SiH.sub.n Cl.sub.

Abstract: A device and method for removing, concentrating and analyzing airborne organic compounds. The device includes a nonporous membrane which contains a collection media. The liquid collection media typically includes a component which has a molecular weight that is too large to pass through transport corridors in the nonporous membrane and a component which has a molecular weight which is sufficiently small enough to pass through the transport corridors in the nonporous membrane and thereby forming a thin film on the exterior surface of the device. The collection media can consist of only components too large to pass through the membrane transport corridors. Organic contaminants are trapped in the thin film on the exterior surface of the device or the membrane and transported by concentration gradient diffusion forces into the bulk of the collection media within the nonporous membrane.

Abstract: Layered plasma polymer composite fluid separation membranes are disclosed, which comprise alternating selective and permeable layers for a total of at least 2n layers, where n is .gtoreq.2 and is the number of selective layers.

Abstract: A reservoir for use in a hydraulic circuit is disclosed which includes a passive gas separating medium to separate gas from the hydraulic fluid as it circulates through the reservoir. The gas separating medium, which may be a membrane-type diffuser, is permeable to air, but not hydraulic fluid. This allows entrained air to diffuse through the membrane element after which it may be expelled to the atmosphere. The membrane diffuser is located within the reservoir housing in a low-pressure portion of the hydraulic circuit in a space between spaced apart double walls of the reservoir such that hydraulic fluid returning to the reservoir must first pass through the membrane. The membrane may have several concentric or spiral layers, depending upon the capacity of the circuit. Gas separated from the hydraulic fluid is withdrawn from the membrane diffuser structure and may be vented to atmosphere through a valve associated with the reservoir housing.

Abstract: A gas permeable material having continuous pores through it, in which the pore interiors are coated with a coating composition of the formula: ##STR1## wherein B is selected from the class consisting of ##STR2## R is (--CH.sub.2 --).sub.x wherein x is a cardinal number of 1-4; Y is C.sub.n F.sub.2n+1 or ##STR3## where n is a cardinal number of 3-20 and R.sup.1 is H or alkyl of 1-4 carbon.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are polyurethane compositions specifically adapted to produce non-porous membranes exhibiting waterproof and water vapor transmissible characteristics. The membranes can be produced as free standing products or can be produced as coatings on porous substrates to confer similar properties to such substrates. Also disclosed are coated fabrics and fabric laminates utilizing the membranous coatings of the invention and exhibiting waterproof and water vapor transmissible characteristics. Such coated fabrics and fabric laminates find utility in the fabrication of tenting, rainwear and other garments where waterproofness, coupled with breathability, are important features.

Abstract: A membrane for a filter device or a device for gas or liquid separation, the membrane being constituted by a porous structure made of at least one material selected from sintered ceramic, sintered metals, microporous carbon, microporous glass, and polymers, said structure including at least one microporous layer, wherein the entire outside surface and inside surface of the pores of said structure is covered by a thin and continuous film of a polyphosphazene, the thickness of said film lying in the range 0.01% to 10% of the mean diameter of the pores of said microporous layer.

Abstract: A color separation imaging process employing an imaging monolayer of particles comprising a resin carrier containing color-photosensitive material, and a solid-form dye material. The monolayer is exposed between two members, one transparent, under the influence of an electric field. A color separation image is formed upon splitting the sandwich, and the image is then subjected to thermal energy in order to imbibe the dye into a suitable substrate, thus producing a brilliantly-amplified color image.

Abstract: In a process for the transfer printing of charge images the carrier of a primary charge image is covered with an insulating film the backside of which is electrically charged by means of a corona discharge under concentrated gaseous nitrogen, and the film now carrying the secondary charge image is subsequently removed from the carrier of the primary charge image.

Abstract: A process for forming electrostatic latent images to be developed by a color toner.

Abstract: Three primary color toner images are transferred successively onto a copy sheet from three photoconductive drums. The copy sheet is successively moved into engagement with the drums in register with the toner images by an endless belt. Various transfer charging means are provided to electrostatically adhere the copy sheet to the belt and counteract an adverse accumulation of charge on the copy sheet caused by accumulation of toner substance thereon during the three successive transfer operations.

Abstract: Liquid developer formulations adapted to colored toners suitable for trichromatic processes in electrophotography, the toners being lightfast organic dye pigments with substantially no photoconductivity which are mixed with a paraffinic material as a protective polymer (a dispersing liquid being used if the protective polymer is a solid) and suspended in an insulating hydrocarbon carrier medium together with a metal soap and a phenol derivative soluble in the carrier.

Abstract: A color electrophotographic process is provided which employs magenta, cyan and yellow toners, each in combination with a carrier coated with a resin containing copper tetra-4-(octadecylsulfonomido) phthalocyanine. Thus, for the first time a developer package is provided which is capable of producing prints of sharp quality employing a common carrier. The various magenta, cyan and yellow toners employed in connection with the newly provided coated carrier are also disclosed.

Abstract: Developers containing a polymer and at least one sublimable or vaporizable dyestuff which, at atmospheric pressure, passes into the vapor state at between 100.degree. and 220.degree. C., and characterized in that they consist of particles containing a mixture of at least one polymer with a plasticizer or a wax, which release the vapors of said dyestuff if heated at the sublimation or vaporization temperature of said dyestuff, and process for their preparation.

Abstract: Trans-epindolidione is a useful yellow material in forming photoelectrophoretic migration images.

Abstract: A toner for developing electrostatic latent images contains a resin binder mainly composed of a polyester resin having a softening point of 80-150.degree. C. according to the Ring and Ball method and a solid silicone varnish having a molecular weight of 500-2000.

Abstract: Method and apparatus are herein disclosed for xerographically reproducing a color copy from a multi-color original. A moving photoconductive surface is sequentially exposed through color filters to form a series of color separated latent electrostatic images thereon. Each image formulated contains original input scene information of selected colors recorded at a first image potential and other input scene information recorded at a second potential, the first recorded potential being greater in magnitude that the second recorded potential. Development of the images is achieved by passing an electroscopic developer material between the photoconductive surface and a control electrode biased to a potential somewhere between the first and second image potentials found on the photoconductor whereby recorded input scene information containing the selected color is developed and, simultaneously therewith, development of all other information is prevented.

Abstract: A toner and imaging system wherein the utilized toner is composed of a permanent colorant of the final color desired and additionally contains heat sensitive dye that darkens the color of the toner so that it more efficiently absorbs heat during flash fusing but then decomposes, becoming colorless, to leave an image the color of the permanent colorant.

Abstract: An electrophotographic process of forming a dye image comprising the steps of:(1) charging a photosensitive element formed on an electroconductive support by electrical charging, said photosensitive element consisting essentially of photoconductive particles and sublimable dyes, (2) exposing the charged photosensitive element to a light image, (3) developing the photosensitive element with acidic toners, (4) heating the photosensitive element to sublime the sublimable dyes, and (5) transferring the dye images to a dye-image accepting substrate with the aid of solvents.An electrophotographic material comprising an electroconductive support and a photosensitive element (i.e., photoconductive layer) formed thereon, said photosensitive element consisting essentially of photoconductive powders and sublimable dyes.

Abstract: A color transfer copying process for forming a colored image corresponding to an original by repeating prescribed times the procedures of projecting a reflected ray image from the original to be copied on a photosensitive material uniformly charged by a charging electrode through a filter to form an electrostatic latent image on the photosensitive material, converting the latent image to a toner image by using a powdery developer containing a coloring toner and transferring electrostatically the toner image onto a transfer sheet, while using selectively blue, green and red filters.

Abstract: An electrophotographic process and materials for the production of multi-color copies of a multi-color original in which an electrostatic charge is applied to a receptor sheet having a face portion subdivided into photoconductive segments containing sensitizing components in interspersed segments which cover different portions of the visible light spectrum and in which each such segment contains a solubilizable dye color corresponding to the color of the spectrum other than that to which the segment is sensitized and in which the exposed receptor is developed with a toner in which the dye component is soluble in response to toner activation for transfer of dye color from the developed receptor to copy sheets brought into surface contact therewith.

Abstract: The present invention is directed toward a color electrophotographic imaging process and a method for extending the range capabilities of said process. The process includes providing a document screen adapted to be used at the exposure station proximate to the image face of a document to be copied, such that light reflected from the screened document is passed through a lens system and imaged onto a photosensitive member. The document screen consists of a clear transparent base member having a dot pattern comprising dots of at least one color, preferably dots of two or more different colors. The frequency of the like dots is such that the optical system employed in the electrophotographic process passes spatial frequencies reflected from the screened original at the fundamental screen frequency but attenuates the harmonic spatial frequencies.

Abstract: A radiation sensitive piezoelectric copy method and medium for producing positive or negative latent electrostatic charge patterns. In a first embodiment the copy medium includes a poled, radiation transmissive piezoelectric insulative layer, an electrically conductive layer less compliant than the piezoelectric layer, and a photoconductive layer interposed between and electrically connected with the piezoelectric and electrically conductive layers. A second embodiment is similar to the first embodiment except it does not contain an electrically conductive layer. A third embodiment is similar to the second embodiment except that an electrically conductive layer is juxtaposed with and electrically connected to the piezoelectric layer.

Abstract: There are described novel yellow compounds which are represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein X is a member selected from the group consisting of ##STR2## The compounds may be used for various applications and preferably are utilized as imaging particles in the photoelectrophoretic imaging method.

Abstract: A rectangular array of rod lenses is arranged between an original document and a photoconductive member, and the document and photoconductive member move relative to the rod lens array at the same speed. The document is illuminated for three sequential color separation exposures so that three color images are formed on the surface of the photoconductive member by the rod lens array. Due to the construction of the means for illuminating the document, the brightness of the illumination is different for the three color separation exposures. This is compensated for by varying the number of rod lenses for the three color separation exposures and thereby the cross sectional area of the rod lens array which constitutes an exposure aperture so that the effective brightness of illumination is the same for the three color separation exposures.

Abstract: The electrophotographic manufacture of the phosphor patterns for a display screen of a color television display tube. This process is performed in as many stages as there are different phosphor zones and possibly also for a light-absorbing intermediate pattern. Contamination of a phosphor which has already been precipitated may easily occur with a next phosphor in this case. According to the invention this is obviated by an intermediate rinsing operation with a solution of an antistatic agent, in an apolar solvent. The antistatic agent is selected from the group consisting of soaps of bivalent metals, soaps of multivalent metals and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A color process in which color copies of an original document containing color information are reproduced. Successive single color electrostatic latent images are developed with particles having a predetermined triboelectric charge thereon. These particles are transferred from the single color electrostatic latent images to a sheet of support material in a prescribed sequence. The sequence of transfer is such that each successive layer of toner particles transferred to the sheet of support material has a lesser triboelectric charge thereon than the preceeding layer transferred thereto. In this manner, back transfer from the sheet of support material to the electrostatic latent image is minimized.

Abstract: A process for forming electrostatic latent images to be developed by a color toner. The process comprises steps of electrically charging a photoconductive layer of an ion-beam controlling screen, exposing the photoconductive layer electrically charged to a first image information, disposing a recording medium having a photoconductive layer so as to oppose to the exposed photoconductive layer, and applying ions to the photoconductive layer of the recording medium through the screen to form an electrostatic latent image having a background of charged potential. The photoconductive layer of the recording medium in which the electrostatic latent image is formed is exposed to a second image information to produce a corrected electrostatic latent image.

Abstract: An electrophotographic printing machine and method of use therefor in which a first image having a density less than that of the original document being reproduced is formed on a sheet of support material. A half-tone image having substantially the density of the original document is reproduced, in superimposed registration with the first image, on the sheet of support material. This produces a high quality copy having substantially the density of the original document.

Abstract: Disclosed is a transparency for use in electrostatographic reproduction, particularly in the multi-color mode of such reproduction. The transparency comprises:A) a base of transparent polyester sheet;B) a second layer adherent to the surface of said polyester sheet of a mixture of an acrylic polymer and a copolymer of vinyl acetate and vinyl chloride said second layer having uniformly dispersed therein:I. particulate silica having a particle size range of from about 2 to 70 millimicrons in its longest dimension and being present in an amount of from about 0.25 to 1.5 weight percent of said second layer, andIi. a salt formed from an anion of a carboxylic acid having 1 to 37 carbon atoms or a dimeric fatty acid having 12 to 36 carbon atoms and a cation characterized by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.

Abstract: An apparatus arranged to develop a latent image recorded on a member with particles stored in the chamber of the housing. A plurality of differently colored particles are housed remotely from the chamber. Particles of a selected color are advanced to the chamber so as to be deposited on the latent image.The foregoing abstract is neither intended to define the invention disclosed in the specification, nor is it intended to be limiting as to the scope of the invention in any way.

Abstract: A charge pattern of a single polarity and having at least three different levels of potential is developed in two colors by utilizing relatively negatively charged toner particles of one color and relatively positively charged toner particles of a second color.

Abstract: This invention is addressed to a single color electrophotographic copy process in which a receptor having a photoconductive coating comprising a photoconductor, at least one sensitizer which sensitizes the photoconductor to at least a portion of the spectrum of visible light, a binder and a dispersed dye on the face thereof is charged and exposed to an original whereby the portion of the photoconductive coating corresponding to the non-imaged areas of the original are discharged leaving a latent electrostatic image on the receptor and then the exposed receptor is developed with a toner in the form of a material which, when in an activated state acts as a solvent or adhesive for the dispersed dye in the photoconductive coating for transfer of the dye color in the photoconductive coating in response to surface contact of the developed receptor with a copy sheet.

Abstract: A novel yellow developer system is provided which employs a Yellow 97 toner in combination with a carrier coated with resin containing copper tetra-4-(octadecylsulfonomido) phthalocyanine. This developer is found to yield prints of exceptional quality and provides long developer life. Processes employing this developer in a color electrophotographic process are also disclosed.

Abstract: Toner powders for developing electrostatic images are provided which contain in epoxy resin organic dye that, although in itself insoluble in the resin, is solubilized therein by one or more substances selected from the group consisting of complete esters and alkyl and aryl amides of o- and m-phthalic acid, carbonic acid, phosphoric acid, benzoic acid and benzenesulfonic acids and condensation products of formaldehyde with alkyl and aryl amides of benzenesulfonic acids.

Abstract: Electrostatographic developer compositions for use in developing electrostatic latent images wherein the triboelectric charging properties of functional polymers employed in the toner materials are controlled by systematic chemical modification. The functionalized polymers are covalently bonded with functional dyes to provide colored toner materials possessing controlled triboelectric properties and stable colorants.

Abstract: A xerographic color reproduction imaging system is disclosed. This color system provides at least a two color image with one exposure and avoids the necessity of employing a registration step. A sensitized photoconductive layer is employed which is charged, selectively exposed and developed with a color toner. The photoconductive layer is then recharged and developed with toner of another color.

Abstract: A novel yellow developer system is provided which employs a Yellow 29 toner in combination with a carrier coated with resin containing copper tetra-4-(octadecylsulfonomido) phthalocyanine. This developer is found to yield prints of exceptional quality and provides long developer life. Processes employing this developer in a color electrophotographic process are also disclosed.

Abstract: A novel magenta developer system is provided which employs a 2,9-dimethylquinacridone pigment and a resin toner in combination with a carrier coated with resin containing copper tetra-4-(octadecylsulfonomido) phthalocyanine. Thus, a magenta developer is provided for the first time which is capable of employing a coated conventional carrier, thereby simplifying the color electrophotographic process. Color electrophotographic process employing this developer are also disclosed.

Abstract: An electrophotographic method comprises developing an electric latent image formed on a photosensitive member comprising a photoconductive material and containing a first color forming agent in a surface for forming a visible image with a charged toner particle containing a second color forming agent, and heating to cause a thermal color forming reaction therebetween resulting in formation of a colored fixed image on the photosensitive member.

Abstract: An image recording medium for recording incident radiation to provide a positive transparency is constructed of two electrically conductive composite layers containing photoconductive material between them. One of the conductive layers is opaque and the other is transparent to the incident radiation. A voltage, sufficient to cause holes to be produced in the opaque conductive layer in response to the incident radiation, is applied between the conductive layers. Various systems for controlling the recording process are described.

Abstract: A novel yellow electrostatographic colorant is disclosed. This colorant may be employed as an electrostatographic toner or developer material. Electrophotographic processes are disclosed employing this colorant. When employed as an electrophotographic developing material, this colorant is found to possess superior triboelectric properties among others which result in superior electrophotographic machine life than known yellow colorants.

Abstract: An improved electrophoretic imaging process is provided wherein the improvement comprises the use of electrostatic charge-bearing particles having an electrically photosensitive pigment which is the reaction product of 2,3-naphthalenediol and a diazonium salt. Preferred pigments have the following structure: ##STR1## wherein: R.sup.1 is a lower alkoxy group or --OCH.sub.2 CONH.sub.2 ;R.sup.2 is H or NO.sub.2 ; andR.sup.3 is H or --SO.sub.2 NH.sub.2.

Abstract: A method of color design is provided in which multi-color, fast copies of a multi-color optical image, in a multiplicity of color design combinations are obtained. These fast copies enable a designer to quickly possess proofs of his design in various color combinations. The method comprises:A. independently changing and viewing the colors of individual components of a color variable image until a desired color combination of the image is obtained;B. projecting the colored image from (a) onto the input of a multi-color reproduction copier;C. making a copy of the image in a visual match of the colors projected; andD. repeating steps (a), (b), and (c) any desired number of times to obtain fast copies of the image in a multiplicity of color combinations.

Abstract: A method of reproducing a color highlighted original document in which at least two successive latent images are recorded on an overcoated photoconductive surface. One of the latent images corresponds to the black regions of the original document, while the other latent image corresponds to one of the color regions of the original document.