Membrane Having Ring Containing Organic Compound Patents (Class 96/14)
  • Patent number: 3966467
    Abstract: A transparency is disclosed, which is suitable for use in a multicolored xerographic reproduction process comprising a transparent, thermoplastic film sheet having at least one surface coated with a material selected from the group of long chain aliphatic hydrocarbons. The coated transparency, when used in a multicolored electrostatic copying process improves adhesion of the multicolored image thereon and permits reproduction of colors and color densities in said image which correspond well to the multicolored original copied.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 17, 1975
    Date of Patent: June 29, 1976
    Assignee: Xerox Corporation
    Inventor: Richard A. Parent
  • Patent number: 3964907
    Abstract: Disclosed is a method for the preparation of a relief printing master which is based on irradiation of a film of a composition comprisingA. a degradable polymer containing segments characterized by the structural formula ##EQU1## wherein R is H, an alkyl radical of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a chlorine or fluorine substituted alkyl radical of 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a cyano substituted aliphatic hydrocarbon radical of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, andB. a photosensitizer which upon exposure to actinic radiation assumes a .sup.3 (n, .pi.*) or a .sup.1 (n, .pi.*) state.The polymer and photosensitizer combination, which is in the form of a thin film upon a suitable substrate, is exposed in an imagewise manner to actinic radiation to thereby degrade the polymer. Upon such degradation, depressions are formed in the exposed areas thereby rendering the exposed film suitable for use as a relief printing master.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: September 2, 1975
    Date of Patent: June 22, 1976
    Assignee: Xerox Corporation
    Inventor: Dana G. Marsh
  • Patent number: 3961951
    Abstract: An electrophotographic method is disclosed which produces multiple electrophotograhic copies from the same electrostatic image by multiply cycling the electrostatic image through development and transfer steps. To reduce copy density losses in subsequent copies, the biasing potential applied across the development zone is reduced on subsequent cycles of the electrostatic image through the development zone.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 26, 1974
    Date of Patent: June 8, 1976
    Assignee: Itek Corporation
    Inventors: Edward F. Mayer, Robert A. Moore
  • Patent number: 3961954
    Abstract: Electrostatographic imaging method employing an imaging member provided with a photoconductive imaging layer containing an organic photoconductive material, an activator capable of forming a charge transfer complex with said material and a protonic acid sensitizer. The acid sensitization of the charge transfer complex in this imaging layer dramatically enhances the photosensitivity of this photoconductive composition and yet avoids the undesirable memory effects generally experienced in such materials when a photoconductive layer of these materials is imaged in accord with the method of this invention.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: December 27, 1972
    Date of Patent: June 8, 1976
    Assignee: Xerox Corporation
    Inventors: Gustav R. Pfister, David J. Williams, Martin A. Abkowitz
  • Patent number: 3960556
    Abstract: In a photoconductive image processing system, consistent copy quality is possible if the charge necessary for the transfer of a toner image is produced by a source of substantially constant current. Changes in transfer material or humidity will not affect the current and thus the charge delivered. As a result, readjustment of the charge source is obviated.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 1, 1973
    Date of Patent: June 1, 1976
    Assignee: Addressograph Multigraph Corporation
    Inventor: Jerome J. Griesmer
  • Patent number: 3958990
    Abstract: A transparency is disclosed, which is suitable for use in a multicolored xerographic reproduction process comprising a transparent, thermoplastic film sheet having at least one surface coated with a material selected from the group of nonvolatile amine compounds. The coated transparency, when used in a multicolored electrostatic copying process improves adhesion of the multicolored image thereon and permits reproduction of colors and color densities in said image which correspond well to the copied multicolored original.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: April 17, 1975
    Date of Patent: May 25, 1976
    Assignee: Xerox Corporation
    Inventor: Richard A. Parent
  • Patent number: 3957365
    Abstract: An ion modulator such as a three-layered structure, formed by sandwiching a photoconductor between a metal screen and an insulating layer, which is used as an image source. The apparatus includes an optical system for projecting an image of a graphic original onto the modulator and creating a charge distribution system thereon that can be retained for long periods of time. As part of the apparatus there is included a special drum formed by adhering a resilient-rubber like layer having a compliance that produces a displacement from the normal surface in the range of 1/16 to 3/32 inch when placed under 25 - 75 pounds of force per lineal inch, and a thickness of about 0.60 inches. Over the compliant layer is next applied an insulating or dielectric layer having a resistivity of at least 10.sup.14 ohm-centimeters and a thickness of about 0.5 mils. The special drum, which is the image generating medium, receives the charge pattern resulting from collecting the ion particles on the dielectric layer.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 26, 1974
    Date of Patent: May 18, 1976
    Assignee: Addressograph Multigraph Corporation
    Inventor: George Thomas Croft
  • Patent number: 3955977
    Abstract: A method is provided for electrostatographic production of a temporary graphic display and conversion thereof to permanent hard copy comprising: forming a latent electrostatic image on a photoconductive surface; contacting said surface with a transparent continuous insulating web; contacting the surface of the transparent web opposite that in contact with the latent image with electroscopic toner particles which electrostatically cling to the transparent web in conformity with said latent electrostatic image; passing the developed image on the transparent web into a viewing zone wherein said developed image can be temporarily graphically displayed; transferring said developed image to a transfer web being adapted to contact the surface of the transparent web containing the developed image, and fusing said developed image onto said transfer web thereby forming a permanent copy of said image.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: October 30, 1970
    Date of Patent: May 11, 1976
    Assignee: Xerox Corporation
    Inventor: John M. Bailey, Jr.
  • Patent number: 3956523
    Abstract: Method for producing electrographic images from an original provided with a conductivity pattern ranging from a portion having a greater conductivity to a portion having a lesser conductivity, said conductivity pattern being affixed to an insulating backing material, comprising the steps of coating said conductivity pattern with a thin layer of electrically chargeable particles, disposing an insulating layer against said conductivity pattern, so that said layer of electrically chargeable particles is located between said conductivity pattern and said insulating layer, generating an electric field of sufficient strength across said insulating layer, said layer of electrically chargeable particles, said conductivity pattern and said insulating backing so as to transfer electric charges from said conductivity pattern to said electrically chargeable particles whereby a portion of said particles are sufficiently charged and removed from said conductivity pattern and the remainder of said particles are insufficient
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 9, 1974
    Date of Patent: May 11, 1976
    Inventor: Marcus Cantarano
  • Patent number: 3954463
    Abstract: A method for printing electrostatically including charging a photosensitive plate and exposing it to an optical pattern to form a latent image; placing the plate on a conveyor, developing the latent image and affixing the developed image to the plate to form a xeroprinting master; and charging the master, illuminating the master, developing the master and transferring from the master to a copy sheet the unfused toner to form a copy of the master on the copy sheet.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 24, 1974
    Date of Patent: May 4, 1976
    Assignee: Xerox Corporation
    Inventor: Gopal C. Bhagat
  • Patent number: 3950168
    Abstract: A method is given for fixing powder images to substrates whereby the powder image is subjected to internal stress and, thereafter, exposed to vapors containing a solvent for the powder image.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 26, 1973
    Date of Patent: April 13, 1976
    Assignee: Xerox Corporation
    Inventors: Peter Franklin Erhardt, William Conrad Richards, John Michael Pochan
  • Patent number: 3948654
    Abstract: An improved electrophotographic imaging process is disclosed wherein toner film formation is reduced and cleansability of photoreceptor surfaces is enhanced. The process involves contacting a photoreceptor surface with a material selected from the group consisting of certain perfluoro organic acids or acid derivatives to form a thin film of the material on the surface, and using the thus coated surface in an electrophotographic imaging process.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: March 25, 1974
    Date of Patent: April 6, 1976
    Assignee: Xerox Corporation
    Inventor: Donald J. Fisher
  • Patent number: 3949148
    Abstract: A transparency is disclosed, which is suitable for use in a multi-colored xerographic reproduction process comprising a transparent, thermoplastic film sheet having at least one surface coated with a mixture consisting of a vinyl chloride-acetate copolymer resin and an acrylic resin in a weight ratio of between about 6:4 and 7:3. In a preferred embodiment, a percentage of a particulate material is also incorporated in the coating to reduce static charge on the transparency and permit easier handling thereof. The coated transparency, when used in a multi-colored electrostatic copying process improves adhesion of the multi-colored image thereon and permits reproduction of colors and colors densities in said image which correspond well to the multi-colored original copied.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 15, 1973
    Date of Patent: April 6, 1976
    Assignee: Xerox Corporation
    Inventor: Alptekin Akman
  • Patent number: 3947113
    Abstract: An improved apparatus is disclosed for transferring toner from the surface of a toner-bearing drum, such as a xerographic drum, to a support medium for the toner, such as plain paper. The improvement relates to apparatus of the type which employs a transfer web or belt to remove toner from the toner-bearing drum and to transfer it to a support medium. In such apparatus, it is typical for the transfer web to be at least partially driven by means of its contact with the toner-bearing drum and/or transfer rollers.The improvement described herein comprises providing means for simultaneously disengaging the toner-bearing drum and at least one of the transfer rollers from the transfer web at least once per web cycle, and also providing means for mechanically correcting web alignment and registration while the toner-bearing drum and transfer roller are disengaged. Suitable means for disengaging the toner-bearing drum and transfer roller include the provision of indented surfaces on the drum and transfer roller.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 20, 1975
    Date of Patent: March 30, 1976
    Assignee: Itek Corporation
    Inventors: William Raymond Buchan, James A. Kulpan, Edward Francis Mayer
  • Patent number: 3947270
    Abstract: A reproduction apparatus for forming an image on a first and an opposing side of a copy sheet in a single pass including a moving photosensitive surface, a means for forming a first image on a first portion of the photosensitive surface and a second image on a second portion of the photosensitive surface, and means for transferring the first image and the second image to the first and the opposing side respectively of a copy sheet in a single pass of the copy sheet to the imaging surface. Preferably, the transferring means includes means for securing the trailing edge of the sheet to the imaging surface and means for pivoting the sheet about the surface. A process of duplex imaging in a single pass is also provided.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 1, 1973
    Date of Patent: March 30, 1976
    Assignee: Xerox Corporation
    Inventor: Arthur J. North
  • Patent number: 3945934
    Abstract: Raised Xerographic printing is produced by the use of thermally intumesced electroscopic powders for the development of the electrophotographic images. Intumescent electroscopic powders are blended with the powdered pigmented "ink" or "Toner" in the ink reservoir of a Xerographic copying machine. The image is formed and transferred to a paper carrier in the wellknown process of Carlson, U.S.P. at No. 2,297,691. The heat used in thermoadhesively attaching the "Toner" to the paper carrier also causes great intumescence of the intumescent powder, resulting in a raised image. The image is similar in appearance and texture to "engraving" or raised thermographic printing. It can be read by the sightless by tactile recognition. The intumescent powder used is made of vinylidene-chloride-acrylonitrile-isobutane as described by the inventor in his Disclosure Document No. 001,078 filed in the U.S. Patent Office on Dec. 22, 1969. Original Application was submitted in raised printing exemplifying this invention.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: July 16, 1973
    Date of Patent: March 23, 1976
    Inventor: Ezekiel J. Jacob
  • Patent number: 3944710
    Abstract: A transparency is disclosed, which is suitable for use in a multicolored xerographic reproduction process comprising a transparent, thermoplastic film sheet having at least one surface coated with a material selected from the group of long chain aliphatic hydrocarbons. The coated transparency, when used in a multicolored electrostatic copying process improves adhesion of the multicolored image thereon and permits reproduction of colors and color densities in said image which correspond well to the multicolored original copied.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 1, 1974
    Date of Patent: March 16, 1976
    Assignee: Xerox Corporation
    Inventor: Richard A. Parent
  • Patent number: 3944711
    Abstract: A transparency is disclosed, which is suitable for use in a multicolored xerographic reproduction process comprising a transparent, thermoplastic film sheet having at least one surface coated with a material selected from the group of nonvolatile amine compounds. The coated transparency, when used in a multicolored electrostatic copying process improves adhesion of the multicolored image thereon and permits reproduction of colors and color densities in said image which correspond well to the copied multicolored original.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 1, 1974
    Date of Patent: March 16, 1976
    Assignee: Xerox Corporation
    Inventor: Richard A. Parent
  • Patent number: 3942888
    Abstract: A biased roller electrostatographic image transfer system in which the diameter of a resilient bias transfer roll is slightly larger at its outer end areas in comparison to its central copy sheet engaging area, so that the majority of the roll loading pressure is absorbed by these larger diameter end steps, which roll directly against the imaging surface outside of the copy area, and so that a relatively lower roll pressure is provided against the copy sheet in the operating nip. This reduction in the mechanical pressure in the transfer nip can provide lower "hollow character" transfer defects, yet allows a sufficiently high roller loading force to prevent roll bounce and vibration.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 6, 1975
    Date of Patent: March 9, 1976
    Assignee: Xerox Corporation
    Inventors: John Maksymiak, Daniel S. Hoffman
  • Patent number: 3941592
    Abstract: An electrophotographic copy of an original is produced by forming on a transparent photosensitive first substrate a latent electrostatic image of the original by contact exposure, applying a toner powder to the image, superimposing a uniformly charged second substrate onto the image face of the first substrate and exposing the rear face of the first substrate to light to transfer the charged image to the second substrate which is developed to produce a high contrast, high density toner image which is then fused. A machine for practicing the method includes a transparent cylinder which may have a photosensitive face or over which a transparent photosensitive sheet is advanced, is reciprocable over the original with the cylinder rolling over the original, a light source having opposite exposure beam delineating slits is located in the cylinder.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 20, 1973
    Date of Patent: March 2, 1976
    Assignee: Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha
    Inventor: Hidetoshi Kawabata
  • Patent number: 3940272
    Abstract: An apparatus for developing an electrostatic latent image. The apparatus is moved from an inoperative position spaced from the latent image to a position in operative communication therewith. After the latent image is developed, the apparatus is moved to the inoperative position thereof.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 4, 1974
    Date of Patent: February 24, 1976
    Assignee: Xerox Corporation
    Inventor: James R. Davidson
  • Patent number: 3940270
    Abstract: An electrophotographic system is described in which a photoconductive ion modulator screen is used in conjunction with an anodized aluminum dielectric imaging surface. This combination enables the steps of image transfer and fixing to be carried out simultaneously without destroying the latent image produced on the dielectric imaging surface.A duplex anodized aluminum coating is prepared by forming a porous aluminum oxide layer by electrolytically oxidizing an aluminum surface and thereafter continuing the electrolytic oxidation under conditions which produce a barrier type aluminum oxide layer. The resulting duplex anodized aluminum coating containing both porous type aluminum oxide and barrier type aluminum oxide is used as the dielectric imaging surface in this electrophotographic system.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: May 6, 1974
    Date of Patent: February 24, 1976
    Assignee: Addressograph Multigraph Corporation
    Inventors: Gerald A. Krulik, Harvey J. Sable
  • Patent number: 3938993
    Abstract: Permanent, meaningful information is so associated with removable, confusing information, at least some of which is usually similar in character to said permanent, meaningful information, as to make it effectively impossible for an observer to discriminate between the two types of information even though both types of information in the association may be legible. Such a system is advantageously used in instructional systems and particularly in responsive answer formats.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: November 27, 1973
    Date of Patent: February 17, 1976
    Assignee: Xerox Corporation
    Inventors: Stephen F. Royka, Robert G. Martin
  • Patent number: 3936174
    Abstract: A biased roller electrostatographic image transfer system in which concentrated and tailored image transfer fields are generated by stationary electrically biased conductive electrodes inside the roller having blade-like edges extending toward the nip and post-nip areas, in which the transfer fields are applied from the blade-like edges through a thin-walled rotatable outer tube providing the roller nip.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 27, 1975
    Date of Patent: February 3, 1976
    Assignee: Xerox Corporation
    Inventor: Charles E. Carpenter
  • Patent number: 3936175
    Abstract: A biased roller electrostatographic image transfer system in which the image transfer fields are generated by a biased conductive member inside the roller and tailored by a partially surrounding stationary conductive shield which is also inside the roller. The shield extends over the pre-nip area to suppress undesired pre-nip transfer fields, but is apertured in the nip area to allow a high transfer field to be applied therethrough the shield.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: January 29, 1975
    Date of Patent: February 3, 1976
    Assignee: Xerox Corporation
    Inventor: Robert N. Jones
  • Patent number: 3935008
    Abstract: A process for the production of a copy from an original which includes creating a charge image on a hydrophobic photoconductive material, pre-developing the charge image by the application thereto of a hydrophilic solid substance, meniscally contacting the pre-developed image with an aqueous liquid and transferring the image onto a copy receiving material. The hydrophobic photoconductive material may be a charge transfer complex of polyvinyl carbazole and trinitrofluorenone. The hydrophilic solid substance may be water-insoluble starch, silica, iron-III-oxide, zinc oxide, methylene blue, nigrosin or acid violet.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: June 21, 1973
    Date of Patent: January 27, 1976
    Assignee: Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft
    Inventor: Erwin Lind
  • Patent number: 3933490
    Abstract: An improved process of transfer electrophotography employing a liquid developer is described. The depth of the developer on the surface of a an electrophotographic photosensitive member on which an electrostatic latent image to be developed is formed is controlled to a value in the range of 5-30 .mu. prior to transfer. The developer image is transferred to a copying material having an oil absorption coefficient greater than 50 seconds in such a way that the controlled depth of the developer on the photosensitive member is reduced to a value in the range of 2-15.mu.. After transfer, the photosensitive member is cleaned to reduce the depth of the remaining developer to a value no greater than 1.mu..
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 12, 1974
    Date of Patent: January 20, 1976
    Assignee: Canon Kabushiki Kaisha
    Inventor: Hiroshi Tsuchiya
  • Patent number: 3933489
    Abstract: Electrostatic reproduction processes utilizing papers which have a surface resistivity of not more than 0.9-3 .times. 10.sup.11 IPC ohmn/square at a relative humidity of 25 percent and a surface resistivity of not more than 25-60 .times. 10.sup.11 IPC ohms/square at a relative humidity of 10 percent.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: February 21, 1974
    Date of Patent: January 20, 1976
    Assignee: Preco Corporation
    Inventor: Wally Z. Walters
  • Patent number: 3932035
    Abstract: A toner image is transferred from a toner substrate to a transfer sheet by bringing the toner substrate and the transfer sheet into face to face contact and applying a vibration thereto, while simultaneously applying pressure and/or an electrical field across the substrate and transfer sheet.
    Type: Grant
    Filed: August 29, 1974
    Date of Patent: January 13, 1976
    Assignee: Rank Xerox Ltd.
    Inventors: Masamichi Sato, Osamu Fukushima