Abstract: A device for separating the constituents of a multi-constituent material includes a substantially cylindrical plasma chamber and two, axially opposed plasma injectors. The injectors convert the multi-constituent material into a multi-species plasma and inject the multi-species plasma into a core portion of the plasma chamber. Ions in the plasma diffuse from the core portion to an annular volume within the chamber where the ions are separated according to their respective mass to charge ratios. To effect separation, electrodes and coils are provided to establish crossed electric and magnetic fields in the annular volume. With the crossed electric and magnetic fields, low-mass ions in the annular volume are placed on small orbit trajectories and drift axially for capture at the ends of the plasma chamber. High-mass ions in the annular volume are placed on large orbit trajectories for capture at the cylindrical wall of the chamber.

Abstract: In an x-ray device having two x-ray systems each having an x-ray source and an x-ray detector, and a method for operating such an x-ray device to compensate scattered radiation, an x-ray scattered radiation image based on the x-ray radiation scattered from a subject is acquired for one of the two x-ray systems, given a specific positioning of the x-ray systems relative to one another. The acquired x-ray scattered radiation image is saved and used for subtraction from an x-ray image acquired with that x-ray system in order to compensate the influence of the scattered radiation originating from the other x-ray system and to achieve an improved image quality.

Abstract: A device and method for selectively establishing predetermined orbits, relative to an axis, for ions of a first mass/charge ratio (m1), requires crossing an electric field with a substantially uniform magnetic field (E×B). The magnetic field is oriented along the axis and the electric field has both a d.c. voltage component (∇&PHgr;0) and an a.c. voltage component (∇&PHgr;1). In operation, voltage &PHgr;0 is fixed to place the ions m1 on confined orbits around the axis when &PHgr;1 is zero. On the other hand, when &PHgr;1 is tuned to a predetermined value, the ions m1 are ejected away from the axis. With E×B established in a chamber, the ions m1 will pass through the chamber when on confined orbits (&PHgr;1=0), and they will be ejected into the wall of the chamber when on unconfined orbits (&PHgr;1=predetermined value).

Abstract: A collector for use in removing metal ions from a plasma in a vacuum chamber includes a collector plate that is mounted inside the chamber and formed with an internal cooling channel. An injector introduces a dissociated salt into the chamber with a first throughput value, and it introduces a plasma including metal ions into the chamber with a lower second throughput value. A pump is used to pump a liquid coolant through the cooling channel to maintain the collector plate at a temperature that forms a portion of the salt as a protective layer on the collector plate, and causes the salt to thereafter deposit on the layer in a molten condition at a faster rate than evaporation therefrom to trap metal ions therein. The trapped metal ions are then removed with the molten salt from the chamber.

Abstract: A vehicle brake assembly includes a brake rubbing interface operative to slow a vehicle when activated. The interface produces airborne brake dust particles when activated. A dust collector plate is positioned in close proximity to the brake rubbing interface to collect the brake dust. A charging circuit is operative to generate an electrostatic charge so that the brake dust is attracted to the charged collector plate.

Abstract: In order to produce a magnetic separator for separating particles from a fluid, comprising a collection chamber through which the fluid is arranged to flow, and a device for producing a magnetic field by means of which the particles are retained in a collector region of the collection chamber during a collection phase, whereby only a very small amount of liquid is lost when the particles retained in the collector region of the collection chamber are removed from the collection chamber after the collection phase, it is proposed that the magnetic separator comprise a sluice chamber having a closable inlet opening through which the particles collected in the collection chamber are transferable into the sluice chamber, and also having a closable extraction opening through which the particles are removable from the sluice chamber.

Abstract: A high-purity standard particles production apparatus together with the particles as produced by the same is provided, wherein nanometer-sized high-purity standard particles of wide selectivity in material and monodispersive uniform structure are efficiently produced with the abatement of contamination and damage thereon. The apparatus comprises a particles generation chamber to excite a semiconductor target with pulse laser beam under a low-pressure rare gas ambient so as to desorb and eject materials from the target into the ambient gas, in which those materials are condensed and grow into high-purity particles, a particles classification chamber to subject the high-purity particles as generated to classification and a particles collecting chamber to collect high-purity standard particles as classified onto a substrate.

Abstract: A molecular sieve apparatus and magnetic/adsorbent material composition facilitate molecular adsorption and separation using a magnetic field to hold, move, cool, and/or heat an adsorbent 1 that is bonded to magnetic materials 3 that are moveable by a magnetic field. An adsorbent 1 is bonded to a soft magnetic material 3 with a binder 2 into a powder composite material adsorbent attractable by a magnetic field (magnetoadsorbent 4). Magnetoadsorbent 4 functions to adsorb and desorb working substances, causing a molecular separation; thereby increasing the efficiency of the adsorption cycle by moving the adsorbent 1 to a location that optimally processes the adsorbent 1. Magnetic field manipulation of adsorbents 1 enables delivery of molecules to locations within systems. Magnetoadsorbents 4 of the present invention further increase the efficiency of the adsorption cycle by combining materials with functions including: catalyst, buoyancy, suspension, magnetic heating, and sinking in liquid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a system and method for the treatment of pipes, pipe systems and related equipment, and the fluid and gas carried in the pipes to prevent scaling and build-up of deposits in the pipe. A first exemplary embodiment of the system comprises a pipe for carrying a fluid and at least one magnet assembly abutting portions of the exterior of the pipe to be treated. The magnet assembly preferably includes a plurality of magnet structures, the magnet structures being disposed at different radial positions around the exterior of the pipe.

Abstract: A filter for removing pollutants from gases, particularly exhaust gases, includes a plurality of paths for the gases to flow through and a source of magnetic field arranged to apply the magnetic field to the gases. Optionally, one or more heaters are also provide to raise the temperature of the gases to a predetermined temperature. As the hot gases through the passageway and the magnetic field, pollutants contained therein are effectively burned or otherwise removed from the gases.

Abstract: An air filtering system used to increase the filter capture efficiency of particulate matter carried in the air. Particulate matter carried in the air, such as in a furnace forced air system, receives a charge by contacting the duct's surface. As these charged particles move through conventional air filter material most are captured and retained in the material. To increase this capture rate of particulate matter, spaced magnetic strips are placed in the filter material in a generally parallel configuration. The polarity of the magnetic strips can be alternated to insure particles having positive of negative charges are slowed down, diverted, or both, as they flow through the filter material. The result of this action is an increase in the capture efficiency of the filter material. It is believed that the capture efficiency can be increased from about 87 percent with no magnetic strips to about 96 percent when strips are used.

Abstract: A device and method for removing metalliferous particles from a powder so that the powder can be reused. A contaminated powder fluid stream flows down tube (6/7) into zones A, B and C adjacent the surface of a magnet (4). The flow flows past the surface of the magnet (4) and is directed towards the surface of the magnet (4) by baffles (10A, 10B). The magnet (4) separates metallic particles from powder particles and these metallic particles are removed from the face of the magnet (4) by scraper bars (21) conveyed by endless belts (22) supported by roller sets (23). The device can also include a fan (5) for promoting the movement of air in a counter direction to the delivered powder mixture.

Abstract: An air filtering system used to increase the filter capture efficiency of particulate matter carried in the air. Particulate matter carried in the air, such as in a furnace forced air system, receives a charge by contacting the duct's surface. As this charged particles move through conventional air filter material most are capture and retained in the material. To increase this capture rate of particulate matter, spaced magnetic strips are placed in the filter material in a generally parallel configuration. The polarity of the magnetic strips can be alternated to insure particles having positive of negative charges are slowed down, diverted, or both, as they flow through the filter material. The result of this action is an increase in the capture efficiency of the filter material. It is believed that the capture efficiency can be increased from about 87 percent with no magnetic strips to about 96 percent when strips are used.

Abstract: A collector cup for the collection and removal of the low-mass particles that exit from a plasma mass filter includes a cylindrical shaped wall, an internally cooled. getter plate and a plurality of internally cooled baffles. The baffles are concentrically mounted and are attached to the inside of the cylindrical wall, between the getter plate and the plasma mass filter thereby creating an enclosed volume that is defined by the getter plate, the baffles and the cylinder wall. Entryways are formed between the baffles to allow the gas formed at the baffles to enter the enclosed volume. When the ions and electrons exit from the filter, they collide with the cooler baffles, ano combine to form neutral atoms and vaporize. Once formed, the gas can pass through the entryways and into the enclosed volume where it can be condensed onto the surface of the temperature controlled getter plate.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for magnetically separating magnetizable particles from a mixture of magnetizable and nonmagnetizable particles of similar size and density by passing the particles through a magnetic field generated by a cylindrical coil around the outside of the column of the separator, and enhanced by a ferrous metal mass or ring within the column located generally centrally of the coil.

Abstract: A toroidal shaped plasma mass filter for separating heavy mass ions (M2) from light mass ions (M1) includes a platform having an annular shaped surface with a circular axis of rotation located midway between the inner and outer circumferences of the platform. An arched wall covers the platform to create a plasma chamber with the wall at least at a distance “a” from the axis of rotation. A plasma source is mounted on the platform in the chamber between the axis of rotation and the wall to generate a multi-species containing light mass particles (M1) and heavy mass particles (M2). In the chamber, the toroidal component, B&phgr;, of a helical magnetic field, B, is crossed with an electrical field, Er, having a positive potential Vctr along the axis of rotation.

Abstract: A method and system for orienting diamagnetic liquids in a container in a low gravity environment includes at least one magnet. The magnet or magnets are placed at the end of the container opposite a desired location for the diamagnetic liquid. The magnetic field generated by the magnet creates a diamagnetic force that repels the diamagnetic liquid away from the magnet and toward the desired location.

Abstract: A magnetic treatment device for the treatment of fluids, the dev ice having several permanent magnets, and in which the magnetic fields around the magnets are intensified and concentrated and in which the treatment of the fluid is enhanced, and having, a non-ferrous tubular housing, a plurality of permanent magnets within the housing defining north and south poles, the magnets being arranged in a column with like poles facing one another, a plurality of magnetically permeable plates located between ends of adjacent magnets, and, a magnetically permeable intensifier ring located around the outside of the non-ferrous housing, the ring being positioned at the point defining the median of the column of magnets. The magnitude of the flux density expressed in gauss around the non-ferrous housing is extremely dense and more than sufficient for magnetic treatment, and a major consideration in the effectiveness of the system.

Abstract: Provided is a magnetic separation device comprising a container having one or more outer surfaces; at least one magnetic sheet; and a physical coupler that is used to detachably secure the container to the magnetic sheet.

Abstract: Provided is a magnetic separation device comprising a container having one or more outer surfaces; at least one flexible magnetic sheet; and a non-permanent adhesive that is used to detachably secure an outer surface of the container to a flexible magnetic sheet.

Abstract: A purification apparatus includes a first flow path for introducing and discharging water and magnetic field generation means provided on a way of in the flow path for giving a magnetic field in the flow path. The introduced water includes magnetic substances. In the flow path in which the magnetic field generation means is disposed and in the magnetic field generated by the magnetic field generation means, a second flow path is provided in such a manner that the second flow path is guided toward the outside from a region in which a magnetic gradient is decreased. Further, there are provided means for moving the magnetic substances in the vicinity of the second flow path, magnetic substance sensing means provided in the flow path, and control means for controlling in response to a signal from the sensing means an amount of the magnetic substances which flow through the second flow path.

Abstract: A process for reducing iron containing contaminants from a process stream of amine used for acid gas stripping by passing the process stream of amine adjacent a magnet sufficient to extract at least a portion of the iron containing contaminants from the process stream of amine, and an apparatus for removing iron containing contaminants from a process stream of amine used to strip acid gases from said amine in a cyclic flowpath having a main source of a process stream of amine, a conduit for containing the flow of a slipstream of the main source of the process stream of amine, a magnet adjacent the conduit sufficient to extract at least a portion of the iron containing contaminants from the process stream of amine, a filter for removing particulates from the slipstream upstream of the magnet, a filter for removing particulates from the slipstream downstream of the magnet, and a conduit for returning the slipstream to the main source of a process stream of amine with a reduced iron containing contaminant conten

Abstract: A device for removing magnetizable parts from a liquid, dry substance, or gas includes a housing and at least one magnet whose magnetic field extends into the space inside the housing. The magnet attracts magnetizable parts in the substance passing through the housing. Each magnet is positioned in a magnet holder. A spraying member is positioned in the space within the housing to clean the outside of each magnet holder.

Abstract: A method for high grade magnetic separation using a matrix having one or more magnetizable matrix elements, wherein each element comprises a pair of poles aligned substantially parallel to a direction of flow of a slurry fluid containing particles to be separated, whereby a rear fluid vortex attributable to the upstream pole extends substantially to meet a front fluid vortex attributable to the downstream pole.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to an apparatus and method for providing absorption of two fluid phases with one another and for the magnetic treatment of the phases for molecular realignment for effective separation of contaminants.

Abstract: A ceramic filter containing at least one functional material and method of manufacturing, a ceramic filter whose surface through which a liquid to be purified flows into is densest and the average particle size of the filter continuously increases toward the interior thereof, a method of manufacturing the ceramic filter including ultrasonic vibration, an extrusion molding die used to manufacture the ceramic filter and an extrusion molding apparatus using the die.

Abstract: The present invention especially for machine applications, also improves the invention air cleaning device, U.S. Pat. No. 4,585,599 dated Apr. 29, 1986. The present invention is the said air cleaning method U.S. Pat. No. 4,585.599 and which is in addition forming a multipurpose combinatory oil, air, gas, and pollution filtration system based on processing oil through purified water mixtures, includes water of hydration, in general, is based on the interaction of two liquid systems distinguished in nature and viscosity from each other. For example: oil as the solute which include polluted particles mixed within and purified water (H20) as the solvent and which are optionally charged electrostatically with opposite charges positive and negative. In addition, electro-magnetic separator is provided within for attracting magnetic particles from the oil into the water, for disposal.

Abstract: The present invention is an apparatus and method for combining ions with a neutral gas and flowing the mixture with a radial flow component through a magnetic field so that the weakly ionized gas is confined by the neutral gas. When the weakly ionized gas is present in sufficient density, a weakly ionized non-neutral plasma is formed that may be trapped in accordance with the present invention. Applications for a weakly ionized non-neutral plasma exploit the trap's ability to store and manipulate ionic species in the presence of neutral gas. The trap may be connected to a mass spectrometer thereby permitting species identification after a fixed period of time. Delicate and/or heavy particles such as clusters may be held and studied in a "gentle" environment. In addition, the trap can provide a relatively intense, low-energy source of a particular ion species for surface implantation or molecular chemistry. Finally, a long trap may permit spectroscopy of unprecedented accuracy to be performed on ionic species.

Abstract: A method for separating gases or other fluids involves placing a magnetic field on a monolithic carbon fiber composite sorption material to more preferentially attract certain gases or other fluids to the sorption material to which a magnetic field is applied. This technique may be combined with the known "pressure swing adsorption" technique utilizing the same sorption material.

Abstract: A chamber for exerting an ultrasound beam on a sample solution containing particles to be concentrated, separated or arranged is provided with a view toward arbitrarily controlling the shape of a spatial distribution of potential energy created by the ultrasound beam and concentrating, separating or periodically arranging the particles. In contrast to the chamber, irradiation ultrasound sources for generating ultrasound beams are provided to create an ultrasonic intensity distribution for producing a position potential energy distribution used to exert a force forwarded in a predetermined direction or a force staying at a predetermined region to each particle. Thus, a specific spatial distribution of potential energy can be realized by ultrasound beams each having a specific intensity, a specific frequency and a specific phase or an ultrasound beam formed by superimposing these on one another.

Abstract: The present invention is intended to remove foreign matter such as worn powder in a refrigerating cycle and enhance the reliability in a refrigerating cycle using, in particular, HFC refrigerant. In the invention, accordingly, a coil shaped connection piping is provided in at least front portion or rear portion of a throttling unit, a fine pipe is connected to a lower portion of the connection piping, and a collector for collecting foreign matter in the refrigerating cycle is coupled to this fine pipe. Foreign matter in the refrigerant is separated from the refrigerant by centrifugal force, and is collected in the collector. Moreover, the foreign matter collecting effect is enhanced by disposing a magnetic piece in the collector.

Abstract: The magnetic fluid conditioner consists of an outer casing ?30! with an inner flow sleeve ?20! that has a venturi shaped flow slot ?60!. Flow sleeve ?20! houses the permanent magnets ?10! arranged around the flow venturi ?60! to provide disruptive magnetic deflecting forces on a chemical species that flows through the tool. A non-magnetic metal material or ceramic magnet material ?40! not oriented during the manufacturing process provides the path for the magnetic flux circuits between each bank of permanent magnets ?10!. A surface enhancement polymer coating ?70! is applied to all metal parts housed inside outer cylindrical pipe ?30! to prevent galvanic corrosion between the metals.

Abstract: A gas contaminant separator includes a pressure tube and a concentric and axially aligned down pipe mounted within the pressure tube. The pressure tube and down pipe define an annular space having a helical rib extending therein. A plurality of magnets are mounted to the down pipe above the helical rib adjacent a perforated plate. A spiral induction plate is mounted within the down pipe for imparting rotation on a gas stream after the gas stream moves through the magnetic field created by the magnets, and through the perforated plate. A gas inlet admits gas into the annular space, and a gas outlet removes gas from the down pipe after it has passed through the annular space, across the magnetic field, through the perforated plate, and through the spiral induction plate mounted in the down pipe.

Abstract: A fluid is circulated through a region of single magnetic polarity within a complex magnetic field and with increased exposure time as compared to prior art devices. The fluid travels through a coil of tubing arranged between two magnetic fields that interact to form the region of single polarity. In a preferred embodiment, the fields are generated by two sets of magnets, one on the inside of the coil and one on the outside of the coil. The magnets are arranged such that like poles of all the magnets face the tubing in the coil, creating the region of single polarity. Treating fuel or recirculated exhaust gases prior to burning in internal combustion engines results in improved engine output characteristics.

Abstract: A gas contaminant separator includes a pressure tube and a concentric and axially aligned down pipe mounted within the pressure tube. The pressure tube and down pipe define an annular space having a helical rib extending therein. A plurality of magnets are mounted to the down pipe above the helical rib adjacent a perforated plate. A spiral induction plate is mounted within the down pipe for imparting rotation on a gas stream after the gas stream moves through the magnetic field created by the magnets, and through the perforated plate. A gas inlet admits gas into the annular space, and a gas outlet removes gas from the down pipe after it has passed through the annular space, across the magnetic field, through the perforated plate, and through the spiral induction plate mounted in the down pipe.

Abstract: A magnetic well tubing and pipe protector/fluid ionizer for protecting the interior of pipes from scaling, corrosion, and algae, comprising a case (14) containing four magnetic condensers comprised of rectangular neodymium iron boron magnets (10 . . . ) and tapered concentrators (11 . . . ) which drive magnetic flux through a core (13) into flowing oil, water, or other fluids, ionizing and charging the fluid positive and the core (13) and all connected pumps and tubing negative. The flowing oil or water or other fluid cutting the perpendicular lines of magnetic flux (16) generates an electrical current which charges the pump and tubing or pipe negative enough to repel and prevent scaling, corrosion, and algaes. Also, the electrical current ionizes the oil, water or other fluids, improving separation of crude oil from water and contaminants. improving combustion of petroleum fuels, and increasing the heat transfer coefficient of heating and cooling water.

Abstract: A permanent magnet is disclosed for enhancing the performance of filters, particularly oil filters associated with internal combustion engines. The permanent magnet is attached to the bottom of the filter by its own magnetic attraction to the bottom metal portion of the end of the filter canister and requires no other means of attachment. A screwdriver slot is also provided to enable a screwdriver to be inserted to pry off the magnet from the filter canister when necessary. The magnet is re-usable and may be made in various sizes and shapes to fit the contour of the bottom of the canister.

Abstract: The apparatus comprises an essentially tubular jacket (1) and a magnet arrangement (5) which contains bar-shaped magnets (7). These magnets (7) are arranged in the inside of the jacket (1) in such a way that there is a gap (6) with a virtually annular cross-section between the inside of the jacket and the outside of the magnet arrangement. Furthermore, the apparatus comprises end-piece (2) which are assigned to the ends of the jacket (1) and the magnet arrangement (5) and via which the apparatus can be connected to a piping network. Each end-piece (2) has a central cavity (3) and channels (35) are provided which connect the cavity (3) to the gap (6) in terms of flow. These connection channels (35) are constructed and arranged in such a way that the fluid channels which pass through the connection channels into the gap (6) at least partially have the shape of a helix, and that a section of each channel is situated between sections of at least one second channel.

Abstract: A compact magnetic fluid conditioner comprising a housing to be attached to a conduit through which a fluid (e.g. water or fuel) is conveyed. The housing of the fluid conditioner contains a plurality of rectangular bar magnets that are arranged end-to-end one another in a 1.times.3 array of magnets having alternating polarities relative to one another. A magnetic field shielding enclosure is removably attached to the conduit so as to completely surround the fluid conditioner and that portion of the conduit to which the housing of the conditioner is attached. Accordingly, the magnetic field generated by the magnets will be confined to and focused upon the conduit and the fluid passing therethrough.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a magneto-hydrodynamic system and method for the treatment of pipes and the fluid carried in the pipes to prevent scaling and build-up of deposits in the pipe. The magneto-hydrodynamic system comprises a pipe for carrying a fluid and at least one magnet unit abutting the exterior of the pipe to be treated. The magnet unit comprises at least four magnets, each having a magnetic-field density of about 6,700 gauss, end pole pieces on each end of the magnet units, and a top pole piece covering the surface of the magnets on a side of the magnets opposite the side in contact with the pipe to be treated.

Abstract: A photosensitive material of the binder type for electrophotography having a photosensitive layer of the material comprising a silicon oil having a viscosity of at least 6000 cs when measured at 25.degree. C.