Abstract: A transmission between a drive shaft and a driven shaft comprises a housing and at least a driven gearwheel that is mounted on the driven shaft and a drive gearwheel that is mounted on a drive shaft. The housing comprises two separated chambers, i.e. a first chamber that is connected to the driven shaft and a second chamber which is separate from the first chamber, whereby the first chamber is connected via a channel with the second chamber, whereby around the drive gearwheel or driven gearwheel the second chamber is formed, whereby the form of the second chamber is such that when the gearwheel in question rotates, a gas flow is created around this gearwheel which causes a negative pressure in the channel by the venturi effect.

Abstract: A system for deaeration of a liquid comprises a heater for heating the liquid to a well-defined temperature, means for pressurizing the liquid, a first piping for guiding the heated liquid to a separation vessel, a vacuum pump for evacuating deaerated gases from the separation vessel, and a second piping for guiding the deaerated liquid from the separation vessel. The system further comprises an inert-gas supply and a mixer for supplying and mixing in inert gas into the liquid in the first piping. The vacuum pump is controllable to maintain a separation pressure in the separation vessel corresponding to a pressure at or slightly above the saturation pressure.

Abstract: A water recovery process for a steam assisted gravity drainage system for a heavy oil recovery facility, the process comprising a flash drum and a flash drum heat exchanger/condenser, wherein the water recovery process receives hot water produced by a facility at a temperature above the water atmospheric boiling point and cools it to a temperature below the water atmospheric boiling point before transferring it to the remaining section of the water recovery process.

Abstract: A liquid hydrocarbon slug-containing vessel for incorporation into a system integrating a low-pressure separator with a vapor recovery process system, and a method for regulating the temperature of a gas to be compressed by a two stage compressor so as to prevent liquification of the gas and to prevent over-heating of the compressor.

Abstract: A two-phase working fluid, having a liquid phase and a gas phase, is purged of non-condensable gas prior to being used to charge a closed thermal management system, improving the heat transfer performance of the thermal management system. The liquid phase of the two-phase working fluid is exposed to conditions that cause non-condensable gas to separate from the two-phase working fluid. The non-condensable gas is vented, and two-phase working fluid that vaporizes under the conditions is captured.

Abstract: A slug suppressor apparatus comprising an inlet separator capable of gas-liquid separation of full well stream fluid and expanded inclined liquid pipe for dampening slugs. The inlet separator has an inlet for receiving the full well stream fluid, a separated gas outlet in its upper section, and a separated liquid outlet in its lower section. The separated gas outlet and the separated outlet are operationally connected to a gas bypass line and the expanded inclined liquid pipe respectively. The expanded inclined liquid pipe has means for dampening liquid slugs and is connectable to a 3-Phase separator.

Abstract: A liquid hydrocarbon slug-containing vessel for incorporation into a system integrating a low-pressure separator with a vapor recovery process system, and a method for regulating the temperature of a gas to be compressed by a two stage compressor so as to prevent liquification of the gas and to prevent over-heating of the compressor.

Abstract: In one variation, a temperature-maintenance device includes a heater (1016) and is placeable in a circulation loop of an ultrasound transducer coupling bolus (1076), for degassing circulating liquid of the loop and for operating the heater for performing temperature control of the liquid. A temperature setpoint, such as a normal body temperature, for the liquid at the bolus may be entered. A device, either open- or closed-looped with respect to fluid flow, may include, in some variations, a degassing chamber, a water trap (1012), and an intervening cooler, all vacuumized by a vacuum pump (1024). The chamber may be configured and aligned for letting condensation automatically drain out. The water trap may be emptied, automatically and without the need for user intervention, by a motorized trap emptier and/or be emptiable by the user.

Abstract: First and second multi-phase streams are processed in first and second trains that are structurally different from each other such that the first and second trains have different operating conditions. The first and second trains produce first and second gaseous hydrocarbon streams and first and second liquid hydrocarbon component streams. The first and second gaseous hydrocarbon streams are combined downstream of the first and second trains to provide a combined gaseous hydrocarbon component stream.

Abstract: A lean solvent is produced from a CO2 rich solvent using heat exchange with a conditioned stream in a reboiler. A power generator generates a low pressure steam from high pressure steam. A portion of the low pressure steam is sent to a fluid conditioning unit, which conditions the low pressure steam to a temperature and pressure required to allow for the production of lean solvent from a rich solvent in a reboiler.

Abstract: A method of reducing air in an ink passageway in an inkjet printer by pressurizing a thermally actuated degassing unit that includes an air chamber, venting air through a check valve configured to allow air to vent from the air chamber to ambient when the pressure in the air chamber exceeds ambient air pressure by a predetermined amount The pressurizing is performed by heating an element inside the air chamber. A power supply is connected to the heating element, and power is applied to the heating element during a first time interval to increase the pressure in the air chamber above ambient pressure. Gas is vented from the check valve which allows the heating element to cool during a second time interval to reduce the pressure in the air chamber below ambient pressure. Gas is then drawn from the ink passageway through the membrane into the air chamber.

Abstract: A method for degassing a liquid by means of a piston pump unit having a receiving chamber serving for accommodating the liquid to be degassed and connected with at least one supply line and at least one drain line, and a piston seated in the receiving chamber for performing stroke movements and liquid sealing the receiving chamber on one end. The following steps are included: drawing liquid via the supply line into the receiving chamber by performing a first stroke movement of the piston in the case of blocked drain line and open supply line; producing a negative pressure in the receiving chamber by continuing the first stroke movement of the piston in the case of blocked supply line and blocked drain line; and opening the drain line and removing a gas phase present in the receiving chamber from the receiving chamber via the drain line by performing a second stroke movement of the piston directed counter to the first stroke movement in the case of an opened drain line and blocked supply line.

Abstract: An inkjet printhead having a drop ejector array, an ink passageway for providing ink to the drop ejector array, and a thermally actuated degassing unit. The degassing unit itself includes a body enclosing an air chamber, a check valve configured to allow air to vent from the air chamber to ambient when the pressure in the air chamber exceeds ambient air pressure by a predetermined amount. The thermal degassing unit includes a thermally-induced pressure build-up time to increase the pressure in the air chamber. The air chamber is allowed to cool which causes internal pressure to drop below ambient and draws gas out of the ink.

Abstract: A process and apparatus is provided for reduction of dissolved oxygen content in seawater from about 8 ppm in the feed seawater to about 10 ppb or less. Significant advantages are achieved by: use of a separator in horizontal alignment to provide high gas-liquid contacting area for separation and de-entrainment within the separator, thereby providing higher throughput; and heating seawater to at least 30° C. and up to 60° C., so as to enhance removal of oxygen from seawater; use of once-through fuel gas as stripping gas and its subsequent combustion for heating the seawater provides for high efficiency and reduction of fouling. The combination of these features allows the amount of residual oxygen in deoxygenated seawater to be reduced to below 10 ppb and as low as 2 ppb.

Abstract: Processes for operating an ammonia stripper at a low pressure in a gas purification system include providing a first side-draw stream from the ammonia stripper; heating the first side-draw stream with a second side-draw stream from a regenerator; providing a stripper offgas stream from the ammonia stripper to a stripper overhead condenser; and utilizing the stripper offgas stream as a heat source for a regenerating system fluidly coupled to the stripper overhead condenser. Also disclosed are systems for implementing the processes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for removing ammonia or reducing ammonium from biogas plant fermentation liquids or biogas plant fermentation residues, wherein ammonia or ammonium is reduced by way of flash evaporation, separated from the biogas plant fermentation liquids or biogas plant fermentation residues, and removed as ammonia. The invention further relates to a device for performing said method.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and apparatus for regenerating a scrubbing medium used at elevated pressure in a physical gas scrubber for purifying a feed gas containing hydrogen and carbon monoxide. The scrubbing medium, loaded with carbon dioxide and sulphur components, is expanded to a pressure between 0.4 and 1.7 bar(a), liberating a carbon dioxide-rich, sulphur component-containing gas. This gas is compressed and introduced into a scrubbing column, in which sulphur components are scrubbed out of the carbon dioxide-rich gas using sulphur-free scrubbing medium.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for the regeneration of captured gas rich capture medium such as an absorption solution and the recovery of absorbed gas therefrom, an apparatus and method for the removal and recovery of a target gas from a gas stream, and the use of the same for post combustion carbon capture on a thermal power plant are described. The apparatus and method make use of a regenerative heating process. The apparatus and method are distinctly characterized by the use of a heat pump to utilize low grade heat, for example from elsewhere in the process, as a source of thermal energy for the heating process.

Abstract: A black water treatment system for a flow of black water. The black water treatment system may include one or more non-vacuum flash drums and a scrub-cooler. The scrub-cooler may include a water pathway with a nitrogen tube and a flow of nitrogen therein.

Abstract: A slug suppressor apparatus comprising an inlet separator capable of gas-liquid separation of full well stream fluid and expanded inclined liquid pipe for dampening slugs. The inlet separator has an inlet for receiving the full well stream fluid, a separated gas outlet in its upper section, and a separated liquid outlet in its lower section. The separated gas outlet and the separated outlet are operationally connected to a gas bypass line and the expanded inclined liquid pipe respectively. The expanded inclined liquid pipe has means for dampening liquid slugs and is connectable to a 3-Phase separator.

Abstract: A process and apparatus is provided for reduction of dissolved oxygen content in seawater from about 8 ppm in the feed seawater to about 10 ppb or less. Significant advantages are achieved by: use of a separator in horizontal alignment to provide high gas-liquid contacting area for separation and de-entrainment within the separator, thereby providing higher throughput; and heating seawater to at least 30° C. and up to 60° C., so as to enhance removal of oxygen from seawater; use of once-through fuel gas as stripping gas and its subsequent combustion for heating the seawater provides for high efficiency and reduction of fouling. The combination of these features allows the amount of residual oxygen in deoxygenated seawater to be reduced to below 10 ppb and as low as 2 ppb.

Abstract: An equipment for producing polyhydroxycarboxylic acid, includes a ring-opening polymerization apparatus, a liquid phase devolatilizing apparatus, and a drying apparatus, wherein an indirect heat exchanger is connected to a vent gas discharge path of the liquid phase devolatilizing apparatus. The indirect heat exchanger captures a dispersed in-process substance containing hydroxycarboxylic acid cyclic dimers and transfers the substance to the ring-opening polymerization apparatus; a wet condenser and a hot well are connected to a vent gas discharge path of the indirect heat exchanger and that of the drying apparatus, respectively.

Abstract: A vacuum vessel for continuous or semi-continuous treatment of oils in connection with deodorization comprises spaces (12, 121, 122) through which oil to be treated is brought to pass and means to heat or cool the oil in the form of U-tubes. There are perforated pipes (26) arranged at the bottom of said spaces to lead stripping gas into said oil. The vessel has a connection to a vacuum source (7). The spaces in the vessel are arranged such that the oil to be treated in the vessel flows through the same by gravity. The heating or cooling medium passing the U-tubes is arranged to be pumped therethrough. The U-tubes for heating or cooling medium are arranged in such a way in said spaces that the flow of oil is counter-current to the flow of heating or cooling medium all through the vessel and a number of U-tubes are arranged in groups (13), parallel and in rows above each other in said spaces.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a system includes a hydrogen sulfide (H2S) absorber, a first flash tank, a flash gas treatment column, and a CO2 absorber. The system also includes a first fluid path extending sequentially through the H2S absorber, the first flash tank, the flash gas treatment column, the H2S absorber, and the CO2 absorber.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for cooling fatty acid distillate from scrubbing section in a fats and oils refinery comprising cooling the fatty acid distillate by heat recovery in at least one heat-exchanging zone with refined oils having a temperature above about 50° C. heating the refined fats and oils to a temperature above about 70° C. The present invention relates further to a process for refining crude fats and oils, and refining plant for refining crude fats and oils.

Abstract: In one embodiment, a gasification system includes a black water processing system with flash tanks. The flash tanks may separate gases from black water to produce a first discharge of the black water and another discharge of separated gases. The gasification system also includes a heat exchanger that transfers heat from the discharge of separated gases to a process stream of the gasification system.

Abstract: The static devolatilisation apparatus serves to treat a liquid (7) containing polymers for the purpose of polymer devolatilisation. Volatile components are separated from the polymers in that the liquid standing under pressure is expanded in at least one phase separation chamber (2) in the upper regions of the container (10). A discharge pump (3) for the devolatilised polymer is located at the base of a sump region. An extraction line (4) for gases (8) is located in the upper region. The separation chamber includes an inlet (20) for the liquid to be treated, lower openings (210) for polymer discharge and at least a single upper opening (220) for gas discharge.

Abstract: An integrated heating system for adding heat to a feed fuel within a module by way of an integrated heating element within the body or casing of the module. The heat may be selectively added to maintain a selected temperature.

Abstract: A method for regeneration of a rich absorbent having absorbed CO2 (5) to give a regenerated, or lean absorbent (4) wherein the lean absorbent leaving the regenerator column is flashed (32) to produce a gaseous phase (33) that is compressed (34) and reintroduced into the regeneration column, and a liquid lean absorbent phase (4) that is heat exchanged (7) against the rich absorbent.

Abstract: A production and processing unit for a synthesis gas obtained by reforming from a mixture of light hydrocarbons, of the type comprising at least one steam methane reformer (SMR) for the production of a synthesis gas, as well as independent functional elements (or units) for processing the mixture of hydrocarbons upstream to the reforming unit and for processing the synthesis gas downstream from the reforming unit is provided.

Abstract: A system for separation of gas from liquid disposed in a liquid source. The system comprising a liquid conveyance unit, a separation tank, a bubbler and a compressor. The liquid conveyance unit is adapted to convey liquid from the liquid source to the separation tank. The system further comprises a supersaturation device adapted to provide conditions for supersaturation of liquid disposed therein. The bubbler is adapted to produce gas bubbles and inject them into liquid supersaturated by the supersaturation device. The separation tank is adapted to cause a pressure reduction on liquid and gas therein to separate the gas from the liquid.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and apparatus for the production of liquids and vapors that are free of, or substantially free of, dissolved or trapped gases. In one embodiment, a liquid is placed in a sealed vessel and subjected to a temperature below the freezing point of the liquid for sufficient time to substantially, if not completely, turn the liquid into a solid. Concurrent with or subsequent to the cooling of the liquid, the interior of the vessel is subjected to a vacuum so as to evacuate all or substantially all of the gaseous atmosphere. Thereafter, the vessel is heated to a temperature above the melting point of the liquid, allowing the frozen material to return to its liquid form or sublimate to form a vapor.

Abstract: A device for separating fluid mixtures, in particular for separating water from oil, includes a vacuum container (10) with several sub-chambers (26, 44, 40). At least one liquid constituent of the fluid mixture can be transported from the vacuum container after separation, by a transport device (12). The other constituents can be extracted from the vacuum container (10) in the form of gas and/or steam, using a vacuum pump (20). One of the sub-chambers (26) of the vacuum container (10) houses a heating device (28, 30), which heats the fluid mixture. The fluid mixture is guided into an additional sub-chamber (40), and is separated into its constituents by traversing a packed bed. Even cold and consequently viscous fluid mixtures can be supplied, due to the heating device, for separation inside the aforementioned vacuum container.

Abstract: The device for reducing the gas and water contamination of transformer oil filling includes a main tank and a conservator provided with a sludge discharge fitting, being joined by an upper connecting pipe having an upper Buchholz relay and a discharge fitting. A lower pipe coupling including a circulating pump joins a top part of the main tank with a top part of an oil cooler while a bottom part of the cooler is joined by a lower pipe coupling with the bottom part of the main tank. The main tank bottom part is provided with a release fitting and also has a connection led out from the release fitting, and is joined with the top part of a stabilizing tank, the bottom part of which is joined by a connection pipe with the sludge discharge fitting and/or with a fitting located in the conservator bottom part.

Abstract: An improved apparatus and method for use with a natural gas dehydrator. The apparatus and method of the invention provide for recirculation of gaseous or combustible materials so that they are not released into the atmosphere and to provide fuel for the process. Likewise, liquid hydrocarbons are collected. Various components, including separators, an absorber, wet glycol, dry glycol, an effluent condenser, heat exchangers, and a reboiler are utilized in accordance with the present invention.

Abstract: According to the present invention, electrorheological fluid is deaerated after it is sealed in a closed device which is operated by the electrorheological fluid. Thus, it is possible to control the operation of the closed device in accordance with an electric field. Additionally, the control of viscosity is not affected by repetitive operations of the closed device, thereby obtaining a closed device having a smooth operation and good repeatability. The deaeration is achieved under a predetermined reduced pressure, for example, of not more than 100 torr. In addition thereto, a suitable heating process is carried out as required.

Abstract: A thermally-activated gas extraction device that comprises a bubble capture chamber, an exhaust manifold, a tapered extraction chamber and an extraction heater associated with the tapered extraction chamber. The tapered extraction chamber extends from the bubble capture chamber towards the exhaust manifold and has a cross-sectional area that increases towards the exhaust manifold. A gas removal method in which the gas extraction device is provided, a bubble of gas is accumulated in the bubble capture chamber, a portion of the liquid in the tapered extraction chamber heated to nucleate a bubble of vapor, and the bubble of vapor is heated to explosively expand the bubble of vapor into contact with the walls of the tapered extraction chamber and into contact with the bubble of gas to form a composite bubble. Contact with the walls of the tapered extraction moves the composite bubble towards the exhaust manifold.

Abstract: Connected in a water circuit for cooling or heating gaseous fuel in a fuel system for a gas turbine plant is a gas/liquid separation apparatus which serves to separate gases contained in the water from the water, and to detect them. The container of the separation apparatus is split up by a partition into a water entry chamber and a water exit chamber. The incoming water flow is split up in the water entry chamber into an upward-flowing and a downward-flowing water flow. Located above the water is a gas-filled space into which gas bubbles disperse. The upward-flowing water flows over an overflow weir, and the downward-flowing water flows into the water exit chamber through openings in the lower region of the partition. The separation apparatus thus includes a calm, free water level in the water entry chamber, and an irrotational flow from the water exit chamber.

Abstract: A thermally-activated gas extraction device that comprises a bubble capture chamber, an exhaust manifold, a tapered extraction chamber and an extraction heater associated with the tapered extraction chamber. The tapered extraction chamber extends from the bubble capture chamber towards the exhaust manifold and has a cross-sectional area that increases towards the exhaust manifold. A gas removal method in which the gas extraction device is provided, a bubble of gas is accumulated in the bubble capture chamber, a portion of the liquid in the tapered extraction chamber heated to nucleate a bubble of vapor, and the bubble of vapor is heated to explosively expand the bubble of vapor into contact with the walls of the tapered extraction chamber and into contact with the bubble of gas to form a composite bubble. Contact with the walls of the tapered extraction moves the composite bubble towards the exhaust manifold.

Abstract: The present invention provides a vacuum degassing system 10 having a leakage valve 48 installed between a condenser 46 and a vacuum pump 44, wherein even when the leakage valve 48 is opened, a vacuum degassing vessel 12 is not released to the atmosphere to thereby constantly maintain a temperature in the vacuum degassing vessel 12; and a large amount of volatile matters in the vacuum degassing vessel 12 are not discharged to a gas release pipe 34, whereby the vacuum degassing vessel 12 can be stably operated.

Abstract: An apparatus for the intensive degassing of polyvinyl chloride-containing dispersions comprising a polymerization reactor (1), a cooling device (2), and a vacuum unit (3), where the polymerization reactor (1) contains a steam inlet (4) in the lower half, and the polymerization reactor (1), the cooling device (2) and the vacuum unit (3) are connected to one another via a connector (5). The invention also relates to the use of this apparatus and to a process for intensive degassing using this apparatus.

Abstract: A process for dehydrating a natural gas or refinery gas containing water and BTEX using a liquid desiccant (glycol) and including regeneration provides the following steps:(a) absorption of the water and the BTEX by contacting the gas with the liquid desiccant which has been regenerated in step (c), producing a dry gaseous effluent and the liquid desiccant charged with water and BTEX;(b) separating the charged liquid desiccant into a vapor containing a portion of the BTEX and a liquid phase containing mainly desiccant charged with water and BTEX;(c) regenerating the liquid desiccant in a distillation zone from which a vapor containing water and BTEX and regenerated liquid desiccant are extracted, the latter being sent to absorption step (a);(d) condensing the vapor from the distillation zone and separating it into three phases: a gaseous effluent containing BTEX, a liquid hydrocarbon phase containing BTEX, and an aqueous liquid phase; and(e) washing the gaseous effluent by absorbing the BTEX in a fraction of

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for the treatment of an endless web, wherein exhaust vapors, formed in a treatment chamber, are withdrawn together with returned gases with a vacuum from the treatment chamber and are led into a separator to be separated into gas and liquid. The gas is further heated in a vacuum generator and is then returned into the treatment zone, wherein the endless web is led in the treatment zone over rollers with heating devices.

Abstract: The present invention provides a degassing apparatus having a temperature regulating function. The degassing apparatus includes a number of gas permeating tubes for enabling a processing solution to flow through one of the two flow paths partitioned by gas permeating membranes that allow permeation of a gas but prevent permeation of a liquid, while enabling warm water to flow through the other flow path. A temperature regulator regulates the temperature of the warm water fed to the gas permeating tubes, and a gas suction pump sucks the gas from the warm water.

Abstract: A method and a device are provided for the treatment of an endless web of fabric with a washing liquid and employing a vacuum. The treatment medium is withdrawn from the treatment zone and the withdrawn treatment medium is separated in a cyclone into a gas and a liquid. The liquid is pumped back into the treatment zone. The gas is heated additionally in a vacuum generator and is then returned into the treatment zone.

Abstract: Apparatus for conducting an improved method of processing a catalytic reformate with an improved production of hydrogen. The apparatus comprises units for conducting a separation stage, absorption at 20.degree. to 60.degree. C. and at a pressure of at least 10 bars, purification of hydrogen over adsorbent beds and recycling of the residual gas obtained at purification.

Abstract: A method and an apparatus for cleaning a gas containing pollutants, such as hydrogen chloride and heavy metals, are described. The polluted gas (2) is contacted with an aqueous washing liquid (3) in a scrubber (1), whereupon part of the washing liquid is preevaporated in a preevaporation unit (7) to form a hydrochloric-acid-containing top fraction, which is essentially free from heavy metals, and a bottom fraction containing hydrochloric acid and heavy metals. Part of the bottom fraction is recirculated (15) for renewed preevaporation, while the remainder of the bottom fraction is treated (16) to remove any heavy metals present. The top fraction from the preevaporation is distilled in a rectification unit (22) to form a top fraction (31) and a bottom fraction (35).

Abstract: A method and system for reducing emissions from glycol dehydrators which employ a vapor-liquid contactor operated under ambient conditions to treat the organic vapors and liquids exiting from a condenser attached to the vapor vent of the glycol reboiler. A stream of the organic liquids is passed to the top of the contactor and allowed to descend in counter-current relation to the upward moving gas introduced at the bottom portion of the contactor. Liquids containing a relatively high content of hydrocarbons may be recovered from the bottom of the contactor, and vapors having a reduced content of organic emissions can be emitted directly to the atmosphere from the top the contactor.

Abstract: A method for pressurizing a gas using a liquid. The method comprises providing a liquid pump; providing a liquid for introducing to the liquid pump; introducing a gas to the liquid prior to the liquid entering the liquid pump; pumping the liquid and the gas through the liquid pump to provide a compressed mixture of the liquid and gas having an increased pressure; thereafter separating the gas from the liquid while both liquid and gas are under pressure; reducing the pressure of the liquid after the separation; and recirculating the liquid back to the liquid pump.

Abstract: A combined vertical column and shallow tray semicontinuous deodoriser for edible oils and fats and comprising a column (10) of discrete vessels and a deodorising vessel (13) disposed within or valve-connective thereto. In the operation of the device, heated oil from a vessel (12) is supplied to deodorising vessel (13) wherein it is circulated by steam injection at (33) through a lift tube (29), between a plurality of vertically separated self draining shallow trays (26, 27, 28). The entire oil content of deodorising vessel (13) is circulated therethrough approximately once a minute for a period in the region of eighteen minutes to strip free fatty acids and other volatile components from the oil by falling curtain and steam sparge techniques, and then the oil batch is discharged to a heat recovery vessel (14) and a cooling vessel (15) before product discharge.