Abstract: A combined vertical column and shallow tray semicontinuous deodoriser for edible oils and fats and comprising a column (10) of discrete vessels and a deodorising vessel (13) disposed within or valve-connective thereto. In the operation of the device, heated oil from a vessel (12) is supplied to deodorising vessel (13) wherein it is circulated by steam injection at (33) through a lift tube (29), between a plurality of vertically separated self draining shallow trays (26, 27, 28). The entire oil content of deodorising vessel (13) is circulated therethrough approximately once a minute for a period in the region of eighteen minutes to strip free fatty acids and other volatile components from the oil by falling curtain and steam sparge techniques, and then the oil batch is discharged to a heat recovery vessel (14) and a cooling vessel (15) before product discharge.

Abstract: A water deaeration system has a pump in a supply pipe supplying water to a deaeration vessel. A recirculation pipe interconnecting a heat exchanger between the discharge side and the suction side of the supply pump heats a recirculated portion of the water flowing to the deaeration vessel. A vacuum pump having its suction side connected with the deaeration vessel and its discharge side connected to an air-water separator evacuates the air dissolved in the water and the separator then separates seal water and entrained water from the evacuated air. The vacuum pump has a water seal which is supplied by the separated water in the separator by a seal water pipe connected between the separator and the water seal via the hot side of the recirculation seal water heat exchanger. Heat energy introduced into the seal water by the vacuum pump is transferred to the supply water flowing to the deaeration vessel to be deaerated in order to more efficiently strip the air.

Abstract: Method and apparatus are disclosed which are improvements in the conventional method and apparatus for extracting water from a gas stream such as a natural gas stream by contacting the stream with a glycol to absorb the water, and then regenerating the glycol for further use in extraction by heating the moist glycol in a glycol regenerator to vaporize the water contained in same as steam. The improvement enables control of emissions of volatile organic compounds which have been absorbed by the glycol during contact with the gas stream, while minimizing the contaminants in the water streams produced. The vented steam and gaseous volatile organics are flowed from the glycol regenerator as input to a cooling condenser having successive air and water-cooled condensers, to produce a condenser water stream having a relatively high content of the organic compounds.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for the decontamination of oil includes providing a jet compressor having a converging section in which high velocity liquid oil compresses a source of atmospheric pressure gas, a central mixing section that intimately mixes the liquid oil with the gas for providing a large gas and oil surface area for the mass transfer of water from the liquid oil, and a diverging section in which the liquid oil and gas are further mixed during pressure recovery. A tubular member is connected to the diverging section to provide a residence time chamber immediately downstream of the diverging section to increase the efficiency of the rate of transfer of water from the liquid oil to the gas.

Abstract: A shutterless camera and a film assemblage specifically adapted for use therewith. The film assemblage includes a cassette having an exposure opening and an ingress opening in one wall thereof and an egress opening in another wall. Mounted within the cassette is a focal plane shutter having an exposure aperture therein which is adapted to be driven across a photosensitive area of a film unit to expose the same. The camera includes a motor which is adapted to drive the shutter, i.e., actuate the shutter, thereby exposing a film unit, and film advancing apparatus which is adapted to extend into the ingress opening in the cassette to engage and move the exposed film unit out of the cassette.

Abstract: Photographic method and film unit wherein a positive image is produced in a film unit by diffusion-transfer process and is viewable from the opposite side of the film unit to the side onto which image-wise light is initially directed, whereby image-reversal means in the optical system of a camera are unnecessary. After exposure, a film unit is moved into a reception means providing lightproof protection to photosensitive portions thereof and also permitting viewing of formation of a positive image therein, the film unit being removable from the reception means after effective completion of photographic processes therein.

Abstract: Screen printing and stencil articles, apparatus and methods provide a stencil including a screen and photosensitive emulsion for selectively stopping areas of the screen upon photographic exposure and development. One or more sheets are adapted to receive an image pattern through which the photosensitive emulsion is to be exposed. The photosensitive emulsion is shielded against spurious exposure. The screen with shielded photosensitive emulsion and the one or more pattern receiving sheets are combined into a unitary stencil making assembly.A stencil comprises a rectangular screen having meshes. A first area on the screen is stopped and a second area adjacent the first area comprises open meshes of the screen. A first elongate screen mounting member is attached to and extends along a first side of the screen. A second elongate screen mounting member is attached to and extends along an opposite second side of the screen. The screen itself is self-supporting between the first and second mounting members.

Abstract: Means are provided in a photographic film pack for urging the superposed sheet elements of a diffusion transfer film unit together during the withdrawal of said film unit from its container. Said means are useful for eliminating white specks in the resultant positive transfer print.

Abstract: A photographic film cassette having a stack of self-contained, self-developing film units includes leaders interconnecting the units to enable them to be withdrawn from the cassette one at a time. A Z-fold or zig-zag configuration of the film units and leaders is employed, with a leader interconnecting the leading edge of one film unit and the trailing edge of the preceding film unit. The cassette structure cooperates with the connection of the leader to the film unit leading edge to project a film unit against a cassette wall to prevent inadvertent withdrawal of the unit. Staggered loading, and alternatively symmetrical back-to-back loading of the film units in the cassette, can increase the number of film units the cassette accommodates in a limited space.

Abstract: Unwanted localized image effects in diffusion transfer photographs are minimized by partially removing portions of the two transverse cassette walls which constrain retained film units against lateral movement.

Abstract: A photographic film assembly, which contains a plurality of light-sensitive sheets stacked in a planar parallel relationship between the front wall of a film container having a rectangular opening for exposure and a pressure plate in a planar parallel relationship with the front wall, each of the light-sensitive sheets comprising a transparent support having thereon, in sequence, at least one silver halide light-sensitive emulsion layer and an light-intercepting layer of a hydrophilic colloid containing a light absorbent in an amount necessary for preventing, upon exposure, a next light-sensitive sheet lying behind in the direction of exposure from being fogged, and each of the light-sensitive sheets being retained in the container with the support being directed toward the exposure opening.

Abstract: An auto-process film unit comprising a photosensitive sheet and a positive image sheet, which is bondable to the photosensitive sheet, but is initially separated therefrom by a removable light-proof, anti-adhesive strip, which forms a folded portion between the photosensitive and positive image sheets, and is attached at one end to a wind-up means. This film unit has the advantage that since the photosensitive sheet for production of a negative image and a positive image sheet onto which a corresponding image is transferred are not initially bonded together, processing solution may move freely therebetween, whereby even quality of a produced photograph is ensured.

Abstract: A photographic film assemblage including a film container holding a plurality of film units and having a withdrawal slot in one end thereof. The container is provided with a withdrawal slot light sealing arrangement in the form of a primary light sealing sheet and a secondary light sealing end cap which is movable from a closed light-blocking position to an open position permitting film units to be advanced through the withdrawal slot. The end cap is configured to cooperate with structure within a photographic apparatus with which the film assemblage is adapted to be used for automatically moving the end cap from its closed position to its open position in response to inserting the film assemblage into the apparatus.