Abstract: A method and apparatus for magnetically separating magnetizable particles from a mixture of magnetizable and nonmagnetizable particles of similar size and density by passing the particles through a magnetic field generated by a cylindrical coil around the outside of the column of the separator, and enhanced by a ferrous metal mass or ring within the column located generally centrally of the coil.

Abstract: A plasma mass filter using a helical magnetic field for separating low-mass particles from high-mass particles in a multi-species plasma includes a cylindrical outer wall located at a distance “a” from a longitudinal axis. Also included is a coaxial cylindrical inner wall positioned to establish a plasma chamber between the inner and outer walls. The magnetic field is generated in this chamber with an axial component (Bz) and an azimuthal component (B&thgr;), which interact together with an electric field to create crossed magnetic and electric fields. The electric field has a positive potential, Vctr, on the inner wall and a zero potential on the outer wall.

Abstract: A plasma filter for separating positive ions from negative ions in a multi-species plasma includes a cylindrical shaped chamber. Magnetic coils surrounding the chamber generate a magnetic field that is aligned substantially parallel to the chamber's longitudinal axis. An electrode generates an electric field that is substantially perpendicular to the magnetic field to create crossed magnetic and electric fields inside the chamber. The inward directed electric field has a negative potential on the longitudinal axis and a substantially zero potential at the wall of the chamber. An injector injects the multi-species plasma into said chamber to interact with said crossed magnetic and electric fields.

Abstract: A method for separating charged particles according to their mass requires providing a multi-species plasma in a chamber. The plasma includes both relatively low-mass charged particles (M1) and relatively high-mass charged particles (M2) which are influenced by crossed electric and magnetic fields (E×B) in the chamber. Specifically, the crossed fields (E×B) rotate the particles M1 and M2 in respective orbits that are characteristic of the mass of the particular particle. Inside the chamber, each charged particle has a respective cyclotron frequency (&OHgr;), and the plasma is maintained with a density wherein the collisional frequency (&ngr;) of particles in the chamber relates to the cyclotron frequency such that their ratio is greater than approximately one (&OHgr;/&ngr;≧1). Additionally, a collector is positioned to intercept the particles (M2) in their orbits and to thereby separate the particles (M2) from the particles (M1).

Abstract: A tandem plasma mass filter for separating low-mass particles from high-mass particles in a multi-species plasma includes a cylindrical shaped wall which surrounds a hollow chamber. A magnet is mounted on the wall to generate a magnetic field that is aligned substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the chamber. Also, an electric field is generated which is substantially perpendicular to the magnetic field and which, together with the magnetic field, creates crossed magnetic and electric fields in the chamber. Importantly, the electric field has a positive potential on the axis relative to the wall which is usually zero potential. When a vapor is injected into the chamber and ionized, the resultant multi-species plasma interacts with the crossed magnetic and electric fields to eject high-mass particles into the wall surrounding the chamber.

Abstract: A centrifugal filter for separating low-mass particles from high-mass particles in a rotating multi-species plasma includes a pair of annular shaped coaxially oriented conductors. The conductors are both aligned along a central axis and are spaced apart to create a plasma passageway between them. In this configuration, the conductors generate respective magnetic field components which interact to create a magnetic field having an increased magnitude in the passageway and a decreased magnitude along the central axis. The filter also includes an electric field which has a positive potential along the central axis and a decreasing potential in an outwardly radial direction from the central axis. Specifically, this electric field is crossed with the magnetic field in the passageway to confine low-mass particles in the passageway and to eject high-mass particles from the passageway.

Abstract: A toroidal shaped plasma mass filter for separating heavy mass ions (M2) from light mass ions (M1) includes a platform having an annular shaped surface with a circular axis of rotation located midway between the inner and outer circumferences of the platform. An arched wall covers the platform to create a plasma chamber with the wall at least at a distance “a” from the axis of rotation. A plasma source is mounted on the platform in the chamber between the axis of rotation and the wall to generate a multi-species containing light mass particles (M1) and heavy mass particles (M2). In the chamber, the toroidal component, B&phgr;, of a helical magnetic field, B, is crossed with an electrical field, Er, having a positive potential Vctr along the axis of rotation.

Abstract: A plasma mass filter for separating low-mass particles from high-mass particles in a multi-species plasma includes a cylindrical shaped wall which surrounds a hollow chamber. A magnet is mounted on the wall to generate a magnetic field that is aligned substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the chamber. Also, an electric field is generated which is substantially perpendicular to the magnetic field and which, together with the magnetic field, creates crossed magnetic and electric fields in the chamber. Importantly, the electric field has a positive potential on the axis relative to the wall which is usually zero potential. When a multi-species plasma is injected into the chamber, the plasma interacts with the crossed magnetic and electric fields to eject high-mass particles into the wall surrounding the chamber. On the other hand, low-mass particles are confined in the chamber during their transit therethrough to separate the low-mass particles from the high-mass particles.

Abstract: An exhaust emissions filtering system for filtering of particulate matter from a flow of exhaust. The exhaust emissions filtering system comprises an ultrasonic transducer unit, an ultraviolet light unit, a magnetic particle filter unit, and an electronic control unit. The exhaust emissions filtering system removes particulates from exhaust emissions by fracturing the particles with the ultrasonic transducer unit, further breaking down the fractured particles with a high-intensity ultraviolet light, and removing the particles with an electrostatic mesh that is located in the magnetic particle filter unit.

Abstract: A process for reducing iron containing contaminants from a process stream of amine used for acid gas stripping by passing the process stream of amine adjacent a magnet sufficient to extract at least a portion of the iron containing contaminants from the process stream of amine, and an apparatus for removing iron containing contaminants from a process stream of amine used to strip acid gases from said amine in a cyclic flowpath having a main source of a process stream of amine, a conduit for containing the flow of a slipstream of the main source of the process stream of amine, a magnet adjacent the conduit sufficient to extract at least a portion of the iron containing contaminants from the process stream of amine, a filter for removing particulates from the slipstream upstream of the magnet, a filter for removing particulates from the slipstream downstream of the magnet, and a conduit for returning the slipstream to the main source of a process stream of amine with a reduced iron containing contaminant conten

Abstract: A magnetic separator for separating magnetizable particles from a fluid is described. The separator is of the type comprising a separating chamber having an inlet and an outlet with means for establishing an axial magnetic field within the chamber. Two or matrix elements are positioned side-by-side axially along the chamber. Fluid separation means is provided for dividing a stream of fluid containing magnetizable particles supplied to the inlet of the chamber into two or more portions and directions each portion axially through a respective matrix element and thence to the outlet. For a given slurry feed amount, a greater matrix element area is provided. The matrix elements may be in the form of spaced annuli, the fluid portions being fed radially between adjacent first and second elements, axially through both elements and then radially between each element and an element adjacent thereto.

Abstract: An oxygen enriched air producing apparatus includes a casing, at least one rotor rotatably disposed in the casing to thereby define a space between the casing and the rotor, and a magnetic field generating device for generating a magnetic flux extending axially within the space between the casing and the rotor. An oxygen enriched air outlet and a nitrogen enriched air outlet are formed in the casing so as to be spaced from each other in an axial direction of the space.

Abstract: A fluid filter is designed primarily but not exclusively to filter spent fluids which may contain particulate contaminants. The filter has an assembly which may be slid into or out of a canister housing for manufacture, repair, or replacement. The assembly is a stack of porous filter media separated by perforated metal plates. The metal plates may be arranged in sets, comprising positive and negative electrostatic plates followed by magnetic plates. Or, the metal plates may be arranged in a sequence tailored for the electrical conductivity of a given fluid. A pair of rod electrodes are threaded through holes in the various plates and porous filter media. One rod electrode is connected to all positive plates. The other rod electrode is connected to all negative electrostatic plates.

Abstract: This invention concerns improvements in interference film photography.

Abstract: A color photographic light-sensitive material which comprises a support having thereon at least a red-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer, a green-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer, a yellow filter layer and a blue-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer, the red-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer being positioned farther from the support than the yellow filter layer.

Abstract: A method of predicting the filter pack correction required to print a color ilm that has been exposed at any illuminant color temperature is provided without the need for a grey card in the scene.This method involves first the experimental determination of the correction filter pack required to produce a grey print from any of the following: the clear unexposed portion of the negative, an image of a continuous wedge or step tablet exposed at a known color temperature on a sensitometer, or the image of a grey card on a roll of film that was exposed at a known color temperature. The red, blue, and green densities of the grey card, or a particular exposure on the characteristic curve, are added to the densities of the correction filter pack to obtain a value called the Total Negative Grey. In the case of the clear portion of the negative, a correction factor of 0.02 green and 0.13 blue must be added to the base fog densities before the densities of the filter pack are added.

Abstract: Process for forming at least a single color image on a receptor material using photohardenable elements which contain one or more imagewise photohardenable layers toned with a toner material comprising a sublimable dye or mixture of dyes, the process comprising heating for at least 5 seconds, while in contact with a receptor material, either the toned element, the receptor material, or both, to a sublimation temperature of said dye and thereby cause at least a portion of the dye to sublime imagewise and condense on the receptor material. The temperature should not degrade the receptor or photohardenable layer. At least one non-imagewise exposed photohardenable layer may be present in the toned element. The process is useful in forming color proofs or proposed fabric patterns, color prints, projector overlays, etc.

Abstract: A process of forming on a copying material from an original having respective minimum and maximum density values D.sub.min and D.sub.max a copy having respective minimum and maximum density values P and Q, different from D.sub.min and D.sub.max, comprising the steps of: forming first and second non-superimposed test wedge images by exposing first and second specimens of the copying material to light of respective first and second colors, the exposure of the first and second specimens being such that the respective average exposure times are T.sub.B and T.sub.G, with the exposure to light varying across each specimen according to a preselected relationship, determining from the first test wedge image the density values D.sub.1 and D.sub.3 which an original must have to produce upon the copying material the respective density values P and Q if the copying of such original onto the copying material is performed with light of the first color for an exposure time T.sub.

Abstract: This invention relates to compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein: X is methyl, methoxy, hydroxy, amino, chloro or carboxy;m is a positive integer from 1 to 2; andA is an alkyl radical having from 9-17 carbon atoms.The compounds of this invention are particularly useful in diffusion transfer photographic products and processes.

Abstract: A film for use in Lippmann photography is formed with a photosensitive emulsion on a transparent base and a separable reflective layer adhering to the emulsion. This separable layer may be a reflective coating carried by a soluble coating, or both soluble and insoluble coatings, or may be a reflective coating of a normally liquid metal which adheres to the emulsion and is readily separated by solvent or reactant.

Abstract: A color image carrier such as positive film is brought into contact with a monochrome recording medium such as silver salt film. The color image carrier is illuminated with red, green and blue beams. These three color beams respectively can project coded information about diffraction gratings or slits which are different in angle or pitch in accordance with the respective colors. Thus, each color image carrier containing the coded information about each diffraction grating or slit is recorded on the monochrome recording medium.

Abstract: A system is disclosed for producing a colored-motion picture film from a black-and-white source film. Each frame of the black-and-white film is projected as an image onto a work surface to which colors are applied within selected areas for combination with the projected black-and-white image to provide a color composite. The color composite is then photographed with color sensitive film. The black-and-white film is processed frame-by-frame, preserving registration from one frame to the next (in a sequence) with the colored format which is accordingly modified to a limited extent to produce each composite that is photographed.

Abstract: The method of producing a colored film from an exposed black-and-white picture and especially from an exposed black-and-white motion picture film wherein a black-and-white image is projected onto a surface, opaque pastel colors are applied within selected areas of the projected image and the reflected colored composite, of the opaque pastel colors and the black-and-white image superimposed thereon, is then photographed with color-sensitive film.