Abstract: Air filter and silencers comprise an air filter element having an annular body with openings at opposed ends. A top is attached over one of ends, has an outer flange sealed to the element, and includes a central section extending across the air filter element end. The top central section has a convex-shaped geometry with a radius of curvature projecting outwardly and away from the air filter element. The top central section includes a sound deadening material directed towards the air filter element. The top central section has a radius of curvature greater than the radius of an inside diameter of the air filter element. The air filter and silencer is used with an air filter assembly that includes a housing removably attached to the air filter and silencer, and that has an internal chamber projecting axially into the air filter and silencer with a sound deadening material disposed therein.

Abstract: A filtering device including an inlet orifice, an outlet orifice, and a housing, the housing including an inlet compartment and a filtering element arranged in the housing between the inlet compartment and the outlet compartment so as to filter the flow of air, where the filtering device includes a deflector arranged in the inlet compartment and opposite the inlet orifice so as to deflect the flow of dirty air penetrating into the inlet compartment.

Abstract: An air filter assembly for an engine includes a filter element, a sound attenuation member and an end cap. The filter element may be a cylindrical filter element defining a hollow interior. The sound attenuation member may extend into the hollow interior of the cylindrical filter element. The sound attenuation member may include a flange at a first end thereof. The flange may have a diameter greater than a diameter of the hollow interior. The end cap may be secured to the cylindrical filter element and may function to fix the sound attenuation member relative to the filter member. The sound attenuation member is operative for reducing engine noise travelling through the air filter assembly.

Abstract: A muffler is provided that air or gas flows through to attenuate acoustic oscillations and reduce sound levels. An inner vortex and an outer vortex are created within the device that reduce noise within the rotating flow of gases. The gases flow in the outer vortex from an inlet in a live end of the housing toward a dead end of the housing. A projection is provided in the dead end of the housing that creates a low pressure area that causes the formation of the inner vortex flowing from the dead end toward the live end to an outlet.

Abstract: A combined exhaust gas aftertreatment/dust ejector unit (10) is provided for use with a combustion process (14) and an air cleaner (16) of the combustion process (14). The unit (10) includes an elongate housing (30) containing an exhaust gas aftertreatment device (40) and having a radial exhaust gas outlet (34) to direct an exhaust gas flow (12) radially from the housing (30), and a dust ejector (60) including an ejector outlet (62) positioned in the exhaust gas outlet (34). The exhaust gas outlet (34) and the ejector outlet (62) have elliptical shaped cross sections (68,70), with the ejector outlet cross section (70) spaced inwardly from the exhaust gas outlet (34) to define a reduced flow area (72) for the exhaust gas flow (12) to accelerate the exhaust gas flow (12) past the ejector outlet (62).

Abstract: A contained vortices device that allows for the flow of air or gas into and out of the device. In the process of gases moving through the device, a vortex is created within the device that allows for the separation of heavier materials, reduction of the size of any particulates, and the expelling of particulates of a significantly smaller size than was introduced to the device.

Abstract: In various aspects of the invention a flow vortex suppression apparatus for use in an air intake duct having a mass air flow sensor is disclosed. The flow vortex suppression apparatus includes an air flow permeable fibrous vortex dispersive media installed into the air duct in a position upstream of the mass flow sensor and configured to occlude the air duct such that air flow in the duct is constrained to pass through the vortex dispersive media. The vortex dispersive media is configured and adapted to diffuse vortices and reduce air turbulence of an air stream entering the mass flow sensor, thereby reducing variations and noise in a flow measurement signal from the mass air flow sensor.

Abstract: A filter assembly for use with compressor assemblies such as oxygen concentrators, ventilators and other breathing apparatus including a compartmented housing member having at least one inlet opening, an outlet opening, a filter member, and an adjustment member associated with the at least one outlet opening for varying the size of the at least one outlet opening for adjusting the amount of ambient air entering the filter assembly.

Abstract: An air filter system for an internal combustion engine of a vehicle can have an indicator for signaling restricted flow of air through a replaceable air filter member mounted to a filter assembly. At least one sidewall can be associated with the replaceable air filter member to be positioned with an air stream passing through the air filter member. A resettable air filter status indicator can provide a visually perceivable signal external of the filter assembly. The resettable air filter status indicator can be integrally formed in the sidewall for indicating if a mounted air filter member requires replacement in response to air intake differential pressure with respect to atmospheric pressure on a downstream side of air flow through the replaceable filter member being above a predetermined threshold value.

Abstract: In an air filter system for an internal combustion engine having a fresh air line with an air inlet, a filter housing with an upper housing half and lower housing half, a filter element disposed in the filter housing, a clean air outlet opening with an adjoining clean air line opening into the intake system of the internal combustion engine, and means for damping intake noise, the means for damping the intake noise is a sheet configured and arranged adjacent, and clamped to, the upper housing half opposite the clean air outlet whereby the intake noise vibration energy is absorbed by frictional relative movement between the sheet and the upper housing half, the intake noise being damped by a change in impedance, in particular by a jump in impedance.

Abstract: A device for sucking in and compressing at least one gas in a fuel cell system has a compressor for the gas connected, at its gas inlet, to a gas filter system via an elastic, sealed gas-routing passage made from textile material.

Abstract: An air filtration cartridge has annular filter media having a hollow interior and extending axially between first and second distally opposite end caps. The first end cap is an outlet end cap having flow straightening structure integrally formed therewith and spanning the hollow interior. The second end cap is a closed end cap having an interior face having quarter wave resonators formed by blind holes therein.

Abstract: An exhaust gas filter cartridge which is suitable for use in a muffler such as to form an exhaust gas filtering system is disclosed. The filter cartridge preferably includes a first porous longitudinal wall and a second porous longitudinal wall, both porous longitudinal walls having openings which allow for a sufficient gas flow through the filter cartridge. An absorbent material, preferably in pellet form, is housed substantially in-between the first porous longitudinal wall and the second porous longitudinal wall of the filter cartridge. The filter cartridge is preferably disposable. A guard casing may be used in conjunction with the filter cartridge to provide an exhaust gas filtering system. The guard casing preferably has two end closure structures. A gas inlet end structure is preferably associated with one end closure structure and a gas outlet end structure may be associated with the other end closure structure of the guard casing.

Abstract: A device, system and methods related to the same are provided for the treatment of exhaust gases from internal combustion engines. An exhaust treatment device is provided comprising a chamber containing a liquid bath through which exhaust gases are directed for removing exhaust products from the exhaust gas. A thermal reducer is provided for reducing the temperature of the exhaust gas prior to entry into the exhaust gas treatment device, as desired. Further provided are related methods for removing carbon monoxide from exhaust gas, liquid hydrocarbon solutions for use as the liquid bath in the exhaust gas treatment device, and methods for preparing such liquid hydrocarbon bath solutions.

Abstract: A filter assembly configured for acoustic dampening for use with compressor assemblies such as oxygen concentrators including a compartmented housing member having an inlet opening, an outlet opening, a filter member, and a plurality of noise attenuating members positioned and located therewithin. The configuration of the compartmented housing member in conjunction with the positioning and location of the filter member and the noise attenuating members therewithin all contribute to absorb and dissipate any sound waves generated within the housing member due to air flow movement therethrough. This substantially reduces and minimizes noise associated with the present filter assembly.

Abstract: An air filter housing for an internal combustion engine, which includes an unfiltered air capsule and a filtered air capsule, contains an orifice with perforations which are covered by air-permeable fabric or a sound element. Airborne sound emission occurs through these orifices and through the fabric or the sound element in such a way as to optimize the exterior and interior sounds of the vehicle.

Abstract: A filter assembly for removing particulate contaminants and chemical contaminants from an incoming dirty air stream for a fuel cell. The filter assembly also includes a noise suppression element that reduces noise emanating from any equipment, such as a compressor. The filter assembly can include a particulate filter portion for removing physical or particulate contaminants, a chemical filter portion for removing chemical contaminants, or can have both portions.

Abstract: An air filtration system for purifying an air stream, such as the intake air for an internal combustion engine, including a system plate (10), an unfiltered air zone (13), a filter housing (12) containing a filter element (16), and a filtered air zone (19). The filter element hermetically seals and separates the unfiltered air zone (13) from the filtered air zone. The unfiltered air zone (13) is configured by a first half shell (11), which is connected to the system plate (10) in a fixed, hermetically sealed manner. The filter housing (12) is also connected to the system plate in a fixed and sealed manner. The permanent, air-tight connection of the first half shell to the system plate allows the air filtration system to be manufactured in a simpler, more rapid and more cost effective manner by obviating the need for seals and connecting elements, as well as the need to assemble such parts.

Abstract: Air filter assemblies include an air filter housing with an air flow passageway extending therethrough, and a connection flange to facilitate attachment with an air filter member. The air filter member includes an annular air filter element disposed concentrically around the housing. The filter member has a closed top at one end and a retaining band at an opposite end that includes a connection base that is configured to attach with the housing connection flange. An attachment assembly is positioned over the housing connection flange and air filter member connection base to releasibly attach the air filter member to the air filter housing. An O-ring seal is interposed between the air filter housing and member to provide a leak-tight fit therebetween. A sound attenuating chamber is disposed within the assembly to control unwanted intake air noise therein. A vacuum monitor can be attached to the assembly to assess the remaining service life of the air filter element without need for visual inspection.

Abstract: Air filter assemblies comprise an air filter housing an air flow passageway extending therethrough, and a connection flange to facilitate attachment with an air filter member. The air filter member comprises an annular air filter element disposed concentrically around the housing. The filter member has a closed top at one end and a retaining band at an opposite band that includes a connection base that is configured to attach with the housing connection flange. An attachment assembly is positioned over the housing connection flange and air filter member connection base to releasibly attach the air filter member to the air filter housing. An O-ring seal is interposed between the air filter housing and member to provide a leak-tight fit therebetween. A sound attenuating chamber is disposed within the assembly to control unwanted intake air noise therein. A vacuum monitor can be attached to the assembly to assessing the remaining service life of the air filter element without need for visually inspection.

Abstract: An air filter (10) for an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle designed to transmit sound into the passenger compartment or driver area in order to inform the driver of the operating state of the engine. The air filter includes an air filter housing (11), a filter insert (26), an air inlet (12) for unfiltered air, and an air outlet (13) for filtered air. The air filter housing (11) includes a housing wall (22) in or on which at least one membrane (16) is mounted. The membrane (16) is made of a material which is more permeable to sound than the rest of the housing wall (22), so that the shape and position of the membrane can be used to achieve a desired sound generation and distribution.

Abstract: An enclosure for an air aspirating machine, such as a compressor 11 for a fuel cell drive 13, which represents a closed volume, so that said volume can be used acoustically for the air that is being drawn in. An air intake 17 is extended into the enclosure 12, which is made of a sound damping and absorbing material 18, so that the resonant cavity 19 acts as a series resonator. The air is drawn in via an air inlet 21 of the compressor 11. Alternatively, the resonant cavity can also be used as a parallel resonator in that the intake path for the air is sealed within the enclosure 12 and is provided only with sound communicating openings to the resonant cavity.

Abstract: An air filter (10) for an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle designed to transmit sound into the passenger compartment or driver area in order to inform the driver of the operating state of the engine. The air filter includes an air filter housing (11), a filter insert (26), an air inlet (12) for unfiltered air, and an air outlet (13) for filtered air. The air filter housing (11) includes a housing wall (22) in or on which at least one membrane (16) is mounted. The membrane (16) is made of a material which is more permeable to sound than the rest of the housing wall (22), so that the shape and position of the membrane can be used to achieve a desired sound generation and distribution.

Abstract: The air drawn into a diesel engine serially passes through a filter and a cavity, which acts as an acoustic attenuator, before being supplied to the cylinders of the diesel engine. In the cavity the air is in a heat transfer relationship with a heat sink for the electronic components of a microprocessor control. The electronic components may be located in the plenum cavity or in a separate chamber but must have a heat transfer relationship with the cavity, such as through a common wall on which the electronic components are mounted. A heat sink may extend into the cavity.

Abstract: A method of producing a durable photomask comprising,Forming a silver image pattern in a silver halide emulsion layer on a glass support by imagewise exposing the emulsion layer followed by development,Removing pattern-like the silver halide emulsion layer utilizing the difference in property between the silver image-containing portions and the non-silver image-containing portions of the emulsion layer to partially uncover the surface of the glass support at the portions where the emulsion layer was removed,Applying a silver ion-supplying material and/or a copper ion-supplying material on the glass support to form a layer of the ion-supplying material, andHeating the glass support at a high temperature to diffuse the metal ions into the surface of the glass support at the uncovered surface portions of the glass support.

Abstract: The photomask blank comprises a transparent substrate, a chromium film directly formed on the substrate and having a thickness of less than 15 m.mu., an intermediate layer formed on the chromium film and containing chromium oxide and a metal mask layer made of chromium and formed on the intermediate layer. The intermediate layer comprises a single chromium oxide film or a composite layer of a chromium oxide film and a pure chromium film or a mixture of chromium and chromium oxide. The photomask is prepared by etching the chromium film, the intermediate layer and the mask layer of the photomask blank described above.

Abstract: A high resolution recording medium is provided which employs at least two layers of inorganic material which act as filters for two different colors of visible light. In one embodiment, microphoto lithography techniques are used to create microinterference filters in the desired patterns on a glass substrate. Recording media constructed according to this invention exhibit increased stability with respect to time and improved resistance to light and heat damage as compared with prior art recording media employing organic dyes.

Abstract: An imaging film comprising, as an essential component thereof, an imaging structure formed of a thin layer of a metal, or metal-like, image forming material on which there is provided a thin layer of an energy sensitive material. The imaging structure, in turn, has a coating or layer of a sensitizing material thereon which material comprises a composition formed of a mixture of one, or more, amines, organic halogen compounds and a polymer or copolymer. The sensitizing material acts not only to increase the absolute sensitivity of the basic imaging structure but, also, to extend its spectral sensitivity from essentially the invisible, or ultraviolet light region to the visible light region enabling the imaging film to be used as a primary recording film for the production, for example, of original microfilm having, among other things, uniquely high contrast, resolution and acuity characteristics.

Abstract: A photosensitive recording medium for recording spatially modulated optical data and for the recording of holographic information in real time, comprising a polymeric sheet containing a photosensitizer adapted to bring about a change of the refractive index of the polymer upon irradiation in the visible or in the UV range. A process for recording spatially modulated data and for the recording of holographic information in real time, which comprises preparing a recording medium as defined above and recording the information by means of a holographic set-up.

Abstract: An imaging film, and a method of making it, comprising a flexible plastic substrate having a thin, high optical density, continuous layer of bismuth, or an alloy of bismuth, deposited on a surface thereof. The bismuth layer has a roughened outer surface. To this roughened surface a layer of a photoactive material is applied which serves as a photoresist as well as a protective overlayer for the bismuth. The photoactive material may be positive or negative working. A layer of a developable photographic emulsion may be applied to the photoactive material layer to impart camera speed to the imaging film. The photoresist side of the film has a non-shiny, essentially non-reflecting black surface which resembles the appearance of developed silver halide films. The substrate side of the film, on the other hand, has a metallic appearance which is easily distinguishable from the photoresist side. This feature of the film enables an operator to readily ascertain the photoresist side of the film and speeds plate making.

Abstract: A continuous tone dry process imaging film includes a solid, high optical density and substantially opaque film of dispersion imaging material deposited on a substrate. Energy is applied to the film of dispersion imaging material, in an amount sufficient to increase the absorbed energy in the material above a certain critical value, to change the same to a substantially fluid state in which the surface tension of the material acts to cause the film, where subject to the applied energy, to disperse and change to a discontinuous film comprising openings and deformed material which are frozen in place following the application of said energy and through which openings light can pass.

Abstract: An improvement in the process of manufacturing integrated circuits to enhance the yield, including the steps of tracking which of the individual dies on a photomask or related series of photomasks has produced a predominance of defective chips on the semiconductor wafer, then correcting the die images on the master photomasks and then producing new working masks. This procedure may be repeated several times, each time reducing the number of defect-bearing die images on the photomask and thereby providing a means by which a semiconductor device manufacturer can obtain better yields.

Abstract: A composite, photohardenable element comprising in intimate surface contact (a) a resist layer, photohardenable by exposure to actinic radiation and; (b) a soluble layer comprising a macromolecular organic polymer and at least one ultraviolet absorbent dye or pigment. In the preferred elements, the layers are disposed between and adherent to a cover sheet and a support film, respectively.

Abstract: An improved process for adjusting different exposure masks consecutively relative to a substrate wafer by providing individual pairs of adjustment marks on the substrate with each pair being associated with a selected exposure mask and the number of pairs on the substrate being equal to the number of exposure masks minus one, to be utilized. Preferably, the marks of the pairs are aligned in rows with the first mark of each pair being in the first row and the second mark of each pair being in the second row.

Abstract: A photograph of an object is made on color film in a conventional manner. Then the object is back-lighted only to silhouette it and a second photograph is made using the same film. The two films are developed simultaneously so as to subject them to identical processing conditions. Using the photograph taken while the object was back-lighted, a contact exposure is made on a high contrast film to produce a negative. After development of this negative, it and the initial, front-lighted, photograph of the object are employed on a scanner to produce the color separations for printing purposes.

Abstract: A method for producing a photomask, which comprises exposing and development-processing a photographic light-sensitive material comprising a transparent support having thereon a masking layer and a silver halide emulsion layer to thereby form a silver image, bleaching the silver image with a bleaching solution containing hexavalent chromium ion, heating in the presence of oxygen to imagewise uncover the masking layer, etching away the uncovered masking layer, and then removing the emulsion layer at the non-image areas to uncover the masking layer corresponding to the non-image areas.

Abstract: An image forming method comprising forming a silver image on a photographic material which comprises a substrate having a silver halide emulsion layer thereon by exposing and developing the photographic material and image-wise ion-etching away the layer to remove non-image areas of the emulsion layer, wherein the silver image is intensified or toned, if desired, before the ion-etching treatment.

Abstract: A recording blank, composed of at least one diffraction grating substrate, such as nickel, covered with a layer of photoresist is used to produce an embossing master by exposing the photoresist to picture information composed of respective white and non-white manifesting regions; developing the exposed photoresist to reveal the grating portions underlying solely the white manifesting regions; electroplating and/or etching the revealed portions to level and obliterate the revealed grating portions, and then removing the remainder of the photoresist.

Abstract: A process for engraving printing surfaces with unmodulated energy beams by interposing a variable reflectivity mask between the energy beam source and the printing surface. The local reflectivity of the mask varies in correspondence with the tone graduation of the original to be printed and may be formed by conventional photographic or the like techniques directly on the printing surface or on a substrate carrier through which the energy beam is passable.

Abstract: In a wholly additive process for depositing a patterned metal layer on an insulating substrate, the sensitized and activated substrate is coated with photoresist; a desired pattern is formed in the photoresist layer by exposing it to a mask and developing it using conventional techniques; the patterned surface is then contacted with a second developer solution containing the activator; a metal pattern is deposited by electroless metal plating; and the photoresist is removed.

Abstract: This invention relates to a method for reducing the amount of ambient light which is reflected by the phosphor located on the inside surface of a color television picture tube face plate. More particularly, the invention contemplates placing a green-absorbing optical filter in front of the red and blue phosphor areas. The filter is produced from gold-containing glass.In carrying out the preferred embodiment of the invention, an opaque mask having holes of the desired shape and in the proper pattern is placed near a CeO.sub.2 -activated, photosensitive gold-containing glass, the glass is exposed through the mask to ultra-violet radiation, and thereafter subjected to a prescribed heat treatment to yield the color filters. The phosphors are applied in dot or slot-shaped configurations in the conventional manner with the blue and red phosphors being placed over the filters and the green phosphor in the clear area.

Abstract: A latent image is produced on a metallic film having at least one layer of chromium or aluminum by exposing the film to a light pattern. The intensity of the light from the light pattern must be below the threshold for evaporation of the metallic film. The latent image is developed by dipping the metallic film into an etchant.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a method for producing patterned color-triad arrays in glass for use in color television picture tubes, such arrays being capable of acting as spectrally-selective filters and to provide the desired color information when the television tube is operating. The color-triad arrays are produced by sequentially or simultaneously exposing a polychromatic glass through an electron shadow mask to high energy or actinic radiation and thereafter following the heat treatment and re-exposure practice known to develop colors within polychromatic glass. The filtering action provided by the color triads integrally present within the glass can enhance the contrast of the color image produced. Also, the presence of the color triads in the glass permits the use of a single "white" phosphor, rather than a red, a green and a blue phosphor as are presently used in the conventional color television picture tube.

Abstract: A microfiche having pinholes instead of lenses. The pinholes and thickness of the fiche are of such dimensions that the device functions as in the manner of a pinhole camera.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing a mask, such as a photo-mask, used in a selective etching process in the manufacture of a semiconductor device or a protective mask for use in a process for selectively providing a porous layer of silicon or for anodic oxidation of a metal layer, in which ions accelerated at a predetermined voltage are implanted into a photo-resist film to a predetermined dose level.

Abstract: A method of producing a diffraction grating master which comprises exposing a plurality of reduced first grating patterns on a light sensitive layer in conformance with a predetermined code; processing the light sensitive layer to produce first gratings therein; exposing a plurality of reduced second grating patterns on the light sensitive layer (superimposed on the first gratings) and repeating the processing step to produce the second gratings; vacuum depositing a layer of silver on the superimposed first and second gratings; electroplating a layer of nickel on the silver layer on the superimposed gratings; separating the resulting nickel-silver layer from the light sensitive layer; and reinforcing the nickel-silver layer (formed in the pattern of the first and second gratings) for use as an embossing master. A special electroplating fixture used in the electroplating step insures that the nickel layer being deposited lies flat without "peeling".

Abstract: A method and arrangement for the production of a rotationally symmetric, non-spherical optical element, in which one or more light beams are directed at a rotating light-sensitive medium, and a fixed opaque shield is situated over the light-sensitive medium to block a portion of the light beams from exposing the medium.

Abstract: A method of preparing transparent artworks by forming a predetermined topological relief pattern by way of local layer-by-layer removal of the material on the side of the masking layer which is translucent to actinic radiation, with concurrent measurement of the optical phase difference between actinic light rays passing through the masking layer and a substrate transparent to actinic light, until the geometrical relief of the pattern becomes deep enough to ensure the required optical phase difference which is a multiple of 2.pi..

Abstract: A method of producing a surface having a reduced reflectance to electromagnetic radiation in a predetermined wavelength band which comprises arranging on the surface a regular array of protuberances having a height which is not less than one third of the length of the longest wavelength in the band and at a spacing which is less than the length of the shortest wavelength of the band divided by the refractive index of the material of which the protuberances consist.

Abstract: A photomask comprising a support that is transparent to ultra-violet radiation and visible light and a layer incorporating a photomask image, the image parts of which contain a complex compound of a silver halide and a diazonium, pyrylium, or thiapyrylium salt, wherein said complex compound is substantially opaque to ultra-violet radiation and blue light but substantially transmitting visible light in the wavelength range above 500 nm.